Enseñar en establecimiento especializado: relación a prueba y la posición subjetiva del professor

This research concerns the analysis of the teaching practices, with the double didactic reference and the psychoanalysis. The concept of relationship in the event allows to report the sense which awards a teacher specialized in what she lives in a class in Therapeutic, Educational And Educational Institute (ITEP) in France. Didactic conversion, supposed subject to know, impossible to support are three dimensions which structure the relationship in the event, in this space-time with the pupils the major stake in which is the transmission of the knowledge. The case study shows how, in a always singular way, a subject confronts its desire of transmission with the event of the teaching.Esta investigación radica en el análisis de las prácticas de enseñanza, con la doble referencia: en didáctica y en psicanálisis. El concepto de «relación a prueba» permite dar cuenta del significado que atribuye una profesora especializada en cuanto a su experiencia con un grupo de Instituto Terapeutico, Educativo y Pedagogico (ITEP) en Francia. Aplicación didáctica, sujeto con supuestos conocimientos, imposible de soportar son las tres dimensiones que estructuran la relación a prueba, en este espacio-tiempo con los alumnos cuyo desafío mayor es la transmisión del saber. El estudio de caso revela cómo, de manera siempre singular, un sujeto confronta su deseo de transmisión con la práctica en la enseñanza.Esta pesquisa envolve a análise das práticas de ensino com uma dupla referência: à didática e à Psicanálise. O conceito de "relação com a prova" (rapport à l'épreuve) permite explicar o significado atribuído por uma professora especializada à sua experiência com um grupo do Instituto Terapêutico, Educacional e Pedagógico (ITEP) na França. Aplicação didática, sujeito suposto saber, impossível de suportar são as três dimensões que estruturam a relação com a prova nesse espaço-tempo com os alunos, cujo maior desafio é a transmissão do saber. O estudo de caso mostra como, de uma forma sempre singular, um sujeito confronta o seu desejo de transmissão com a prática de ensino

Development of a Rapid Insulin Assay by Homogenous Time-Resolved Fluorescence

Direct measurement of insulin is critical for basic and clinical studies of insulin secretion. However, current methods are expensive and time-consuming. We developed an insulin assay based on homogenous time-resolved fluorescence that is significantly more rapid and cost-effective than current commonly used approaches. This assay was applied effectively to an insulin secreting cell line, INS-1E cells, as well as pancreatic islets, allowing us to validate the assay by elucidating mechanisms by which dopamine regulates insulin release. We found that dopamine functioned as a significant negative modulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Further, we showed that bromocriptine, a known dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist and newly approved drug used for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, also decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets to levels comparable to those caused by dopamine treatment

TWEAK Affects Keratinocyte G2/M Growth Arrest and Induces Apoptosis through the Translocation of the AIF Protein to the Nucleus

The soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK, TNFSF12) binds to the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 receptor (FN14, TNFRSF12A) on the cell membrane and induces multiple biological responses, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Previous reports show that TWEAK, which does not contain a death domain in its cytoplasmic tail, induces the apoptosis of tumor cell lines through the induction of TNFα secretion. TWEAK induces apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that TWEAK does not induce the secretion of TNFα or TRAIL proteins. The use of specific inhibitors and the absence of procaspase-3 cleavage suggest that the apoptosis of keratinocytes follows a caspase- and cathepsin B-independent pathway. Further investigation showed that TWEAK induces a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential of keratinocytes. Confocal microscopy showed that TWEAK induces the cleavage and the translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus, thus initiating caspase-independent apoptosis. Moreover, TWEAK induces FOXO3 and GADD45 expression, cdc2 phosphorylation and cdc2 and cyclinB1 degradation, resulting in the arrest of cell growth at the G2/M phase. Finally, we report that TWEAK and FN14 are normally expressed in the basal layer of the physiological epidermis and are greatly enhanced in benign (psoriasis) and malignant (squamous cell carcinoma) skin pathologies that are characterized by an inflammatory component. TWEAK might play an essential role in skin homeostasis and pathology

p21WAF1/CIP1 Upregulation through the Stress Granule-Associated Protein CUGBP1 Confers Resistance to Bortezomib-Mediated Apoptosis

p21(WAF1/CIP1) is a well known cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor induced by various stress stimuli. Depending on the stress applied, p21 upregulation can either promote apoptosis or prevent against apoptotic injury. The stress-mediated induction of p21 involves not only its transcriptional activation but also its posttranscriptional regulation, mainly through stabilization of p21 mRNA levels. We have previously reported that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces the stabilization of p21 mRNA, which correlates with the formation of cytoplasmic RNA stress granules. The mechanism underlying p21 mRNA stabilization, however, remains unknown.We identified the stress granules component CUGBP1 as a factor required for p21 mRNA stabilization following treatment with bortezomib ( =  PS-341/Velcade). This peptide boronate inhibitor of the 26S proteasome is very efficient for the treatment of myelomas and other hematological tumors. However, solid tumors are sometimes refractory to bortezomib treatment. We found that depleting CUGBP1 in cancer cells prevents bortezomib-mediated p21 upregulation. FISH experiments combined to mRNA stability assays show that this effect is largely due to a mistargeting of p21 mRNA in stress granules leading to its degradation. Altering the expression of p21 itself, either by depleting CUGBP1 or p21, promotes bortezomib-mediated apoptosis.We propose that one key mechanism by which apoptosis is inhibited upon treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs might involve upregulation of the p21 protein through CUGBP1

Cancer primitif de la glande de Bartholin

Thèse : Médecine : Université de Bordeaux : 1908N° d'ordre : 11

Biosystématique et ressources génétiques de l'olivier cultivé et des taxons affinés

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

La naissance du sujet comme expérience hors langage. Fondements entre phénoménologie et psychanalyse

Freud en son temps nous avait avertis : la rencontre entre psychanalyse et phénoménologie est impossible ; la clotûre propre au discours philosophique empêche ceux qui y ont été éduqués d'entrevoir la possibilité même de l'inconscient. Les développements de la phénoménologie inaugurée par Husserl offrent pourtant aujourd'hui la possibilité d'un nouage avec la psychanalyse. dans cette perspective, nous essayons de montrer que la naissance d'un sujet, son introduction au langage, s'ancre dans une passivité originaire hors langage précédant toute apparition d'autrui et qui œuvre dans la chair. Dans la genèse du sujet de langage, l'"incarnation du signifiant", impulsée par une perte originaire ouvrant l'espace du corps vécu, est à saisir comme mouvement de quête du sens. Venu à lui-même et au monde de la rencontred'un autre corps de chair, le sujet de langage n'aura de cesse de reconquérir ce qui s'y est aliéné. Naître pourra dès lors s'envisager comme la reconquête de ce qui a été capturé depuis le lieu de l'Autre. Mais aussi comme mouvement vers cette altérité à soi qui est celle de l'inconscient phénoménologique.Freud had warned us in his time : the encounter between psychoanalysis and philosophy is impossible ; the specific closing of the philosophical speech prevents those who were taught in this field from having the idea that the unconscious can be. However, the developments of phenomenology created by Husserl allow the possibility of a dialogue with psychoanalysis today. Inthis context, we are trying to show that when a subject comes into being, when he is introduced into language, this fact originates from a passivity without language preceding the appearance of anyone else and which lies in the flesh. In the evolution of the subject of language, the "carving of the signifier", made be possible by an originating loss opening the space of the living body, is to be understood as a moving quest for sense. Born to himself and to the world from the meeting with another fleshy body, the subject of language will try to conquer again and again what has been alienated by the birth. Consequently, coming into being can be seen as conquering again what has been caught from the Other's place. But also as a motion towards this "altérité à soi" which is that of the phenomenological unconscious.MONTPELLIER-BU Lettres (341722103) / SudocSudocFranceF

L’évaluation sans notes : stratégies mobilisées par la direction d’un établissement pour élaborer un réseau d’acteurs potentiellement concernés par une expérimentation pédagogique

International audienceDespite the growing autonomy of schools in the school systems of developed countries and the increase in the educational prerogatives of head teachers, the latter, particularly in France, have a relatively weak legitimacy to regulate and transform the teaching practices of teachers. Faced with this difficulty, they are regularly obliged to implement detour strategies in order to create the conditions for pedagogical change within the institution. In this article, we will show, through a qualitative study carried out in a French secondary school, how the management team took advantage of the margin of maneuver left by the institution to experiment an innovative evaluation device without note. This experiment gave the school principal the opportunity to enroll, interest and temporarily stabilize a network of school actors (teachers and other staff) around local issues and mobilize them Transform teaching practices. The data collected were analyzed from the characteristics of the translation process theorized by Callon (1986)Malgré l’autonomie grandissante des établissements scolaires dans les systèmes scolaires des pays développés et l’accroissement des prérogatives pédagogiques des chefs d’établissement, ces derniers, notamment en France, ont une légitimité relativement faible pour réguler et transformer les pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants. Face à cette difficulté, ils sont régulièrement contraints de mettre en oeuvre des stratégies de détour pour parvenir à créer les conditions du changement pédagogique au sein de l’établissement. Dans cet article, nous montrerons, à travers une étude qualitative réalisée dans un établissement secondaire français, comment l’équipe de direction a profité de l’occasion de la marge de manoeuvre laissée par l’institution pour expérimenter un dispositif innovant d’évaluation sans note. Cette expérimentation a été l’occasion, pour le chef d’établissement, d’enrôler, d’intéresser et de stabiliser provisoirement un réseau d’acteurs de l’établissement (enseignants et autres personnels) autour de problématiques locales et de les mobiliser pour transformer les pratiques pédagogiques. Les données collectées ont été analysées à partir des caractéristiques du processus de traduction théorisé par Callon (1986)

Symptôme dyslexique et clinique du sujet

International audienc