Enhanced Service Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium Alloys with an Ion-Plasma Protective Coating

В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования свойств ионно-плазменного покрытия, осажденного на поверхность титановых сплавов ВТ6 и ВТ8М-1 в различных структурных состояниях. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о влиянии ультрамелкозернистого состояния подложки на повышение твердости, адгезионной прочности и эрозионной стойкости покрытия. Установлено также повышение механических характеристик данных сплавов при рабочих температурах эксплуатации.This paper presents the recent results of studying the properties of an ion-plasma coating deposited on the surface of titanium alloys VT6 and VT8M-1 in various structural states. The results obtained indicate the influence of the ultrafine-grained state of the substrate on the increase in the hardness, adhesive strength, and erosion resistance of the coating. An increase in the mechanical characteristics of these alloys at operating operating temperatures was also established.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках проекта № 19-79-10108.The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation within the framework of project No. 19-79-108

Protection of the rights and freedoms of minors in the digital space

В настоящее время мировое сообщество столкнулось с серьезной проблемой возрастания негативного воздействия информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей на несовершеннолетних. В данной статье рассматриваются правовые нормы, направленные на защиту несовершеннолетних в цифровом пространстве и их применение на практике.Currently, the world community is faced with a serious problem of the increasing negative impact of information and telecommunications networks on minors. This article discusses the legal norms aimed at protecting minors in the digital space and their application in practice

Sex Differences in Heart Failure: What Do We Know?

: Heart failure (HF) remains an important global health issue, substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality. According to epidemiological studies, men and women face nearly equivalent lifetime risks for HF. However, their experiences diverge significantly when it comes to HF subtypes: men tend to develop HF with reduced ejection fraction more frequently, whereas women are predominantly affected by HF with preserved ejection fraction. This divergence underlines the presence of numerous sex-based disparities across various facets of HF, encompassing aspects such as risk factors, clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and response to therapy. Despite these apparent discrepancies, our understanding of them is far from complete, with key knowledge gaps still existing. Current guidelines from various professional societies acknowledge the existence of sex-based differences in HF management, yet they are lacking in providing explicit, actionable recommendations tailored to these differences. In this comprehensive review, we delve deeper into these sex-specific differences within the context of HF, critically examining associated definitions, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. We provide a specific emphasis on aspects exclusive to women, such as the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension and premature menopause, as these unique factors warrant greater attention in the broader HF discussion. Additionally, we aim to clarify ongoing controversies and knowledge gaps pertaining to the pharmacological treatment of HF and the sex-specific indications for cardiac implantable electronic devices. By shining a light on these issues, we hope to stimulate a more nuanced understanding and promote the development of more sex-responsive approaches in HF management

Reconfiguration du champ des formations en sciences humaines en Île-de-France: Le poids de la sélection

À partir d’une étude sur les filières en sciences humaines dans le champ de l’enseignement supérieur francilien, et en se concentrant notamment sur celles pratiquant la sélection, cet article montre la diversité et la hiérarchie interne à ces formations. Le développement des licences sélectives à l’université engendre une sélectivité socio-scolaire proche de celles d’établissements historiquement sélectifs. Ainsi, les licences sélectives de Paris 1 ont un recrutement proche de celui des classes préparatoires les plus favorisées et d’institutions comme Sciences Po ou l’université Paris-Dauphine, ce qui traduit les recompositions à l’œuvre dans le champ de l’enseignement supérieur. Pour autant, malgré des traits communs, Sciences Po, Dauphine et Paris 1 présentent des spécificités en lien avec leur spécialisation disciplinaire. Sciences Po et Paris 1 sont ainsi plus proches entre elles dans leur recrutement qu’elles ne le sont de l’université Paris- Dauphine, car elles recrutent davantage d’étudiants issus des fractions culturelles des classes supérieures et moins d’élèves scientifiques. Les élèves non franciliens y sont également plus nombreux – proportionnellement – qu’ils ne le sont à Dauphi

The temperature and chronology of heavy-element synthesis in low-mass stars

Roughly half of the heavy elements (atomic mass greater than that of iron) are believed to be synthesized in the late evolutionary stages of stars with masses between 0.8 and 8 solar masses. Deep inside the star, nuclei (mainly iron) capture neutrons and progressively build up (through the slow-neutron-capture process, or s-process) heavier elements that are subsequently brought to the stellar surface by convection. Two neutron sources, activated at distinct temperatures, have been proposed: 13C and 22Ne, each releasing one neutron per alpha-particle (4He) captured. To explain the measured stellar abundances, stellar evolution models invoking the 13C neutron source (which operates at temperatures of about one hundred million kelvin) are favoured. Isotopic ratios in primitive meteorites, however, reflecting nucleosynthesis in the previous generations of stars that contributed material to the Solar System, point to higher temperatures (more than three hundred million kelvin), requiring at least a late activation of 22Ne. Here we report a determination of the s-process temperature directly in evolved low-mass giant stars, using zirconium and niobium abundances, independently of stellar evolution models. The derived temperature supports 13C as the s-process neutron source. The radioactive pair 93Zr-93Nb used to estimate the s-process temperature also provides, together with the pair 99Tc-99Ru, chronometric information on the time elapsed since the start of the s-process, which we determine to be one million to three million years.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure