The effects of opioids and NMDA receptor antagonists on the body temperature and acute nociceptive pain in rats

Uvod: Pored antinocicepcije, opioidi ispoljavaju značajne efekte i na telesnu temperaturu. Brojni dokazi podržavaju postojanje endogenog glutamatergičkog sistema koji moduliše telesnu temperaturu preko N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) receptora. Ketamin i magnezijum, NMDA antagonisti, su poznati po svojim anestetičkim, anagletičkim svojstvima, kao i dejstvu protiv drhtavice. Takođe, oni mogu povećati antinociceptivne efekte opioidnih analgetika u različitim modelima bola kod životinja, kao i kod ljudi. Cilj ispitivanja: Cilj ovog ispitivanja bilo je poređenje antinociceptivnih i hipertermnih odgovora između dve grupe agonista μ-opioidnih receptora: derivata fentanila (4-anilinopiperidinski tip) i morfina (fenantrenski tip) kod pacova. Takođe, ova studija imala je za cilj ispitivanje efekata ketamina i magnezijum sulfata na telesnu temperaturu i akutni nociceptivni bol kod pacova, da utvrdi tip interakcije između ova dva leka i da ispita da li magnezijum sulfat dodat ketaminu ili kombinaciji morfin-ketamin, povećava analgetički efekt ovih lekova i njihov efekt na telesnu temperaturu. Metode: Analgetička aktivnosti procenjivana je testom potapanja repa mužjaka Wistar pacova (200-250 g) u toplu vodu. Distalnih 5 cm repa stavljano je u toplu vodu (55 ± 0,5°C) i kao odgovor mereno je vreme za koje životinja povuče rep iz tople vode. Telesna temperatura je merena stavljanjem termometarske sonde u dužini od 5 cm u debelo crevo. Rezultati: Fentanil, (±)-cis-3-metil fentanil (CM), (±)-cis-3-karbometoksi fentanil, (±)- trans-3-karbometoksi fentanil i (±)-cis-3-butil- fentanil, kao i morfin, oksikodon (O), tebakon i 6,14-etenomorfinan-7-metanol, 4,5-epoksi-6-fluoro-3-hidroksi-,,17-trimetil-, (5,7) izazivali su dozno-zavisno povećanje antinocicepcije i hipertermije. Derivati morfina (fenantrenski tip) i fentanila (4-anilinopiperidinski tip) izazivali su hipertermiju kod pacova u dozama koje su oko 2 puta niže i 6-11 puta više od njihovih srednjih antinociceptivnih doza...Introduction: In addition to producing antinociception, opioids exert profound effects on body temperature. A large body of evidence supports the existence of an endogenous glutamate system that tonically modulates body temperature viaN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Ketamine and magnesium, both NMDA receptor antagonists, are known for their anesthetic, analgesic and anti-shivering properties. They also enhance the antinociceptive effects of opioid analgesics in different animal models of pain, as well as in humans. Aim: This study aimed at comparing antinociceptive and hyperthermic responses between two groups of μ-opioid receptor agonists: fentanyl (4-anilinopiperidine-type) and morphine (phenanthrene-type) derivatives in rats. Also, study is aimed at evaluating the effects of ketamine and magnesium sulphate on body temperature and acute nociceptive pain in rats, to determine the type of interaction between them and at evaluating whether magnesium sulfate added to ketamine or morphine-ketamine combination produces higher level of analgesia and higher effect on body temperature. Methods: Analgesic activity was assessed by tail-immersion test in male Wistar rats (200- 250 g). The distal 5 cm of the tail was immersed in a warm water bath (55 0.5°C) and the time for tail-withdrawal was measured as a response latency. The body temperature was measured by insertion of a thermometer probe 5 cm into the colon of unrestrained rats. Results: Fentanyl, ()cis-3-methyl fentanyl, ()cis-3-carbomethoxy fentanyl, ()trans-3- carbomethoxy fentanyl and ()cis-3 butyl fentanyl and morphine, oxycodone, thebacon and 6,14-Ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 4,5-epoxy-6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-,,17-trimethyl- , (5,7)produced dose-dependent increase in antinociception and hyperthermia. Morphine (phenanthrene-type) and fentanyl (4-anilinopiperidine-type) derivatives produced hyperthermia in rats at doses about 2 times lower, and 6 to 11 times higher, than their median antinociceptive doses..

Magnetic properties of nickel manganite obtained by a complex polymerization method

Spinel materials based on Mn and Ni has been intensively studied over the past years due to their excellent semiconductor properties. Nickel manganite as NTC thermistor is widely used today in different industrial sectors. Here we report the complex polymerization method (CPM) for producing nickel manganite fine particles with a homogeneous distribution of constituent cations in the crystal lattice that ensures formation of dense monophased ceramic with the novel magnetic properties after been sintered in oxygen and air atmosphere. Phase composition of the synthesized materials was examined by XRPD, while the morphology of the powder and microstructure of ceramic were investigated using FESEM and SEM analyses, respectively. The magnetic properties of the samples have been studied by measuring the temperature and field dependence of magnetization. Magnetic measurements of M(T) reveal rather complex magnetic properties and multiple magnetic phase transitions. In the case of air atmosphere we found three magnetic phase transitions with transition temperatures at TM1=35 K, TM2=101 K and TM3=120 K. TM1 maximum is strongly dependent on the strength of the applied magnetic field (TM1 decreases with increasing applied field) whereas the TM3 is field independent The values of the coercivity, remanent magnetization and saturation magnetization at 100 K are: HC = 184 Oe, Mr = 1.92 emu/g and MS = 7.88 emu/g, respectively. The measured values at 5 K are HC = 1035 Oe, Mr = 7.70 emu/g and MS = 14.47 emu/g. Moreover, hysteresis properties measured after cooling of the sample in magnetic field show exchange bias effect with an exchange bias field |HEB=196 Oe. For the sample synthetized in oxygen atmosphere, the magnetization dependence of temperature M(T) and AC susceptibility data obtained from SQUID measurements clearly demonstrates that quadruple magnetic phase transitions can be readily detected at TM1~115 K, TM2~105 K, TM3~38 K and TM4~7 K. These findings suggest the novel magnetic transition for nickel manganite at low temperature TM4. The temperatures of observed maximums in χ’(T) and χ’’(T) parts of susceptibility are frequency independent, whereas the height of the peaks decreases with increasing frequency. The fact that TM4 does not shift with the increase of the frequency led us to the conclusion that there are no spin-glass/surface effect and/or blocking temperature/finite size effect connected to the NiMn2O4 ceramic. Therefore, the low-temperature peak TM4 in AC susceptibility is associated with ferromagnetic-like and antiferromagnetic-like magnetic transition in the interfacial FM/AFM internal structure. The exchange bias effect was found in a field cooled hysteresis loops at 5 K. The field cooling of the sample was under a magnetic field of 100 Oe and 10 kOe whereas the determined exchange bias fields were |HEB|=129 Oe and 182 Oe, respectively. The analysis of the results and comparison with literature data allowed us to conjecture that the mixed oxidation states of Mn ions and ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic sublattice orders tailor these interesting magnetic properties

Application of ultra performance liquid chromatography (uplc) for determination of Na+ /K+ atpase activity

An ion-pair ultra performance liquid chromatography (IP-UPLC) method was developed to obtain a sensitive and efficient means for quantification of ADP in order to follow the decrease of Na+ /K+ ATPase activity after its exposure to different inhibitors. The concentrations of ADP obtained after hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of enzyme depends on enzyme activity. Simultaneously with the chromatographic determination of ADP, the spectrophotometric determination of phosphates liberated after the hydrolysis of ATP was done.Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200

Thermobaric Effects of Cast Composite Explosives of Different Charge Masses and Dimensions

The aim of this research was to determine the thermobaric effect of cast composite explosives, with different masses and dimensions of the chosen explosive charges. This was done by measuring the shock wave parameters in air (maximum overpressure and pressure impulse) and quantifying the thermal effect (temperature-time dependence), at different distances from the centre of the detonation. The chosen thermobaric explosive composition, TBE-3, was characterized. Its density, detonation velocity and viscosity-time dependence were determined. Experimental samples of different masses and calibres were prepared. The shock wave parameters in air were determined in field tests, by measuring the overpressure by piezo-electric pressure transducers. The detonation and the expansion of the explosion products were filmed by a TV high-speed camera, Phantom V9. An infrared (IR) camera FLIR SC7200 was used for recording the IR scene of the explosions and for tracking the thermal effects by a thermographic technique, i.e. thermal imaging. This work is an initial step towards establishing a method for the quantification of the thermal effects of a thermobaric detonation

Thermobaric Effects of Cast Composite Explosives of Different Charge Masses and Dimensions

The aim of this research was to determine the thermobaric effect of cast composite explosives, with different masses and dimensions of the chosen explosive charges. This was done by measuring the shock wave parameters in air (maximum overpressure and pressure impulse) and quantifying the thermal effect (temperature-time dependence), at different distances from the centre of the detonation. The chosen thermobaric explosive composition, TBE-3, was characterized. Its density, detonation velocity and viscosity-time dependence were determined. Experimental samples of different masses and calibres were prepared. The shock wave parameters in air were determined in field tests, by measuring the overpressure by piezo-electric pressure transducers. The detonation and the expansion of the explosion products were filmed by a TV high-speed camera, Phantom V9. An infrared (IR) camera FLIR SC7200 was used for recording the IR scene of the explosions and for tracking the thermal effects by a thermographic technique, i.e. thermal imaging. This work is an initial step towards establishing a method for the quantification of the thermal effects of a thermobaric detonation

Synthesis and characterization of octahedral Ni(II) complex with condensation product of 2-acetylthiazole and thiosemicarbazide

Poster presented at: 8th Conference of Young Chemists of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, 29th October, 2022.Abstract: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5381

Uticaj kompozita s malom kontrakcijom i konvencionalnih kompozita na postoperacionu osetljivost zuba

Introduction. Postoperative sensitivity in restorative dentistry can be related to preparation trauma, dentin adhesives' ability to seal open dentinal tubules, deformation of restorations under occlusal stresses and microleakage. Objective. The study assessed possible reduction in postoperative sensitivity with low shrinkage compared to conventional composites using different bonding agents and the influence of the operator skill on the incidence of postoperative sensitivity. Methods. Nine hundred and sixty permanent premolars and molars with primary carious lesions from patients 21 to 40 years old were used. Cavities 2 to 3 mm deep and with margins in enamel were prepared by four operators. Two operators had five years (A and B) and two had over 20 years (C and D) of clinical experience. Teeth were divided into eight groups each contained 120 restorations: (1) Els®+James-2 (original formula), (2) Els®+James-2 (new formula), (3) Els®+Excite, (4) InTenSe®+James-2 (original formula), (5) InTenSe®+James-2 (new formula), (6) InTenSe®+Excite, (7) Tetric Ceram®+Excite, and (8) Point 4®+OptiBond Solo Plus. At 14 days postoperatively, two independent operators, who did not take part in the clinical procedure, assessed postoperative teeth sensitivity using special questionnaires. Data were analyzed using non-parametric chi-square, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests. Results. Group 8 showed significantly higher score than the other groups. Less postoperative sensitivity was reported with two low-shrinkage composites (groups 2, 3, and 5) but with no significant difference. There was no statistical difference between groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Operator A had the highest postoperative sensitivity score compared to the other three. Conclusion. Conventional composite material Point 4® with its bonding agent caused significantly more postoperative sensitivity than low shrinkage composites combined with different adhesives. Operator skill influenced the incidence of postoperative sensitivity.Uvod. Posle postavljanja kompozitnih ispuna može da se javi postoperaciona osetljivost izazvana preparacionom traumom, sposobnošću adhezivnog sistema da hermetički zatvori dentinske kanaliće, deformacijom pod okluzalnim opterećenjem ili prodorom bakterijskih toksina. Cilj rada. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita da li je osetljivost zuba manja kod kompozita s malom kontrakcijom u poređenju s konvencionalnim kompozitima i odgovarajućim adhezivnim sistemima, kao i uticaj veštine stomatologa na incidenciju postoperacione osetljivosti zuba. Metode rada. Na 960 premolara i molara stalne denticije s primarnim karijesom, pacijenata starosti od 21 godine do 40 godina, preparisani su kaviteti dubine 2-3 mm s rubovima u gleđi. Čitavu proceduru su obavila četiri specijalista stomatologije, od kojih su dva imala pet (A i B), a druga dva više od 20 godina kliničkog iskustva (C i D). Zubi su svrstani u osam grupa od po 120 uzoraka prema korišćenom kompozitnom i adhezivnom sistemu: 1) Els®+James-2; 2) Els®+James-2 (nova formula); 3) Els®+Excite; 4) InTenSe®+James-2; 5) InTenSe®+James-2 (nova formula); 6) InTenSe®+Excite; 7) Tetric Ceram®+Excite; i 8) Point 4®+OptiBond Solo Plus. Dve nedelje posle intervencije dva nezavisna stomatologa (koja nisu učestvovala u kliničkoj proceduri) ocenjivala su posebnim upitnicima postoperacionu osetljivost zuba. Podaci su analizirani neparametrijskim c2, Man-Vitnijevim (Mann-Whitney) i ANOVA testom. Rezultati. U osmoj grupi utvrđena je statistički značajno češća postoperaciona osetljivost nego u ostalim grupama zuba. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između grupa 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 i 7. Kompoziti sa nižom polimerizacionom kontrakcijom izazvali su manju postoperacionu ostetljivost, ali bez statističke značajnosti razlika (grupe 2, 3 i 5). Kod stomatologa A javljala se statistički značajno češće postoperaciona osetljivost nego kod ostala tri. Zaključak. Tip kompozitnog materijala s odgovarajućim adhezivnim sistemom i spretnost stomatologa utiču na učestalost pojave osetljivosti zuba posle restauracija srednje dubokih kaviteta II klase

Poster presentation: "Synthesis and characterization of binuclear azide-bridged hydrazone Cu(II) complex"

The condensation product of 7-acetyl-6-azaindole and Girard’s T reagent ((E)-2-(2-(1-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)ethylidene)hydrazineyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium, HL ligand) was used as a ligand in the reaction with Cu(BF4)2·6H2O and NaN3. The reaction led to the formation of a binuclear Cu(II) complex containing two end-to-end (di-µ-1,3-N3) azide bridges, as well as two NNO-donor hydrazone ligands, forming an axially elongated square pyramidal geometry around each Cu(II) center.Abstract: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7451]Poster presented at 9th Conference of Young Chemists of Serbia, Book of abstracts, 4th November 2023, Novi Sad, Serbi

Synthesis and characterization of octahedral Ni(II) complex with condensation product of 2-acetylthiazole and thiosemicarbazide

The ligand (HL) was synthetized by the reaction of 2-acetylthiazole and thiosemicarbazide in molar ratio 1:1 in water. In the reaction of ligand (HL) and nickel(II) tetrafluoroborate hexahydrate [Ni(HL)2](BF4)2 complex was obtained. The Ni(II) ion has octahedral coordination geometry. The tridentate ligand (HL) is coordinated to the nickel ion with a NNS set of donor atoms forming two five- -membered chelate rings. The ligand (HL) and the [Ni(HL)2](BF4)2 complex were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and the structure of the complex was defined by X-ray analysis.Poster: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5382