78 research outputs found

    Recherche par une technique d'hémagglutination passive des traces sérologiques des principaux virus respiratoires des bovins et de Chlamydia psittaci dans un échantillon de la population des bovidés du Togo

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    D'aprÚs les résultats obtenus par la technique d'hémagglutination passive, le principal virus respiratoire des bovins du Togo est celui de la rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine. Les autres virus et Chlamydia psittaci semblent avoir moins d'importanc

    Molecular epidemiology of a hepatitis C virus epidemic in a haemodialysis unit: outbreak investigation and infection outcome

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>HCV is a leading cause of liver chronic diseases all over the world. In developed countries the highest prevalence of infection is reported among intravenous drug users and haemodialysis (HD) patients. The present report is to identify the pathway of HCV transmission during an outbreak of HCV infection in a privately run haemodialysis (HD) unit in Italy in 2005.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Dynamics of the outbreak and infection clinical outcomes were defined through an ambi-directional cohort study. Molecular epidemiology techniques were used to define the relationships between the viral variants infecting the patients and confirm the outbreak. Risk analysis and auditing procedures were carried out to define the transmission pathway(s).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 50 patients treated in the HD unit 5 were already anti-HCV positive and 13 became positive during the study period (AR = 28.9%). Phylogenic analysis identified that, all the molecularly characterized incident cases (10 out of 13), were infected with the same viral variant of one of the prevalent cases. The multivariate analysis and the auditing procedure disclosed a single event of multi-dose vials heparin contamination as the cause of transmission of the infection in 11 out of the 13 incident cases; 2 additional incident cases occurred possibly as a result of inappropriate risk management.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>More than 30% of all HCV infections in developed countries results from poor application of standard precautions during percutaneous procedures. Comprehensive strategy which included: educational programmes, periodical auditing on standard precaution, use of single-dose vials whenever possible, prospective surveillance for blood-borne infections (including a system of prompt notification) and risk assessment/management dedicated staff are the cornerstone to contain and prevent outbreaks in HD</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The outbreak described should serve as a reminder to HD providers that patients undergoing dialysis are at risk for HCV infection and that HCV may be easily transmitted whenever standard precautions are not strictly applied.</p

    Rapport IV.7. Quelques problĂšmes posĂ©s par l’utilisation des eaux du RhĂŽne Ă  des buts multiples

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    The Rhone, France’s mightiest river, is an appreciable source of natural wealth which the Compagnie Nationale du RhĂŽne is striving to develop to the full. Its multi-purpose development plans provide not only for power production and river navigaton development, but also for the growth of agriculture, more efficient flood protection, the expansion of tourist and leisure amenities, modern infrastructures and industrial development. Run-o f-the-river power plants on the Rhone are already producing a considerable electricity output, but this can be raised by daily «peak load» operation which the Compagnie Nationale du RhĂŽne has studied and proposes to use over a period of time. The most important stages in this programme are described and problems of compatibility between the various aims of the scheme and «peak load» operation requirements are discussed. The development of river navigation was also expected to raise a compatibility problem on a number of points with regard to the hydro-power schemes. It was found, however, that no contradictions arise and that hydro-power development on the Rhone fits in easily with provision of facilities for ships of much greater size than those now using the river.L’importance des dĂ©bits du RhĂŽne, le plus puissant des fleuves français, constitue une richesse naturelle trĂšs apprĂ©ciable dont la Compagnie Nationale du RhĂŽne s’efforce de tirer le meilleur parti. Elle rĂ©alise ainsi un amĂ©nagement Ă  buts multiples destinĂ© non seulement Ă  produire de l’énergie et Ă  assurer la navigation, mais encore Ă  favoriser l’agriculture, Ă  amĂ©liorer la protection contre les inondations, Ă  favoriser l’implantation d’activitĂ©s de loisirs, Ă  moderniser les infrastructures, et Ă  prĂ©parer le dĂ©veloppement industriel. Du point de vue Ă©nergĂ©tique, l’utilisation du RhĂŽne au fil de l’eau, apporte dĂ©jĂ  une puissance et une production importantes. Cependant, il est possible d’amĂ©liorer cette Ă©nergie par une exploitation en Ă©clusĂ©es que la Compagnie a Ă©tudiĂ©e et se propose de mettre en Ɠuvre progressivement. Le rapport donne les principaux dĂ©veloppements de cette Ă©tude, et examine les problĂšmes de compatibilitĂ© qui peuvent se prĂ©senter entre les divers buts de l’amĂ©nagement et les sujĂ©tions de l’exploitation en Ă©clusĂ©es. Du point de vue de la navigation, l’amĂ©nagement du fleuve implique diverses conditions dont le rapport Ă©tudie la compatibilitĂ© avec l’amĂ©nagement Ă©nergĂ©tique. I1 apparaĂźt ainsi qu’il n’y a pas de contradiction, et qu’au contraire, l’amĂ©nagement Ă©nergĂ©tique du RhĂŽne permet aisĂ©ment d’assurer une navigation lourde Ă  un gabarit nettement supĂ©rieur au gabarit d’équipement actuel.Savey M. Rapport IV.7. Quelques problĂšmes posĂ©s par l’utilisation des eaux du RhĂŽne Ă  des buts multiples. In: Utilisation des ressources en eau d'un bassin dans le cadre de l'amĂ©nagement du territoire. Compte-rendu des onziĂšmes journĂ©es de l'hydraulique; Paris, 22-24 septembre 1970. Tome 2, 1971
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