Towards all-dielectric metamaterials and nanophotonics

We review a new, rapidly developing field of all-dielectric nanophotonics which allows to control both magnetic and electric response of structured matter by engineering the Mie resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles. We discuss optical properties of such dielectric nanoparticles, methods of their fabrication, and also recent advances in all-dielectric metadevices including couple-resonator dielectric waveguides, nanoantennas, and metasurfaces

Campsites of the Southern Urals Nomads in the Middle of the I Millennium BC (according to data from the Bannoye – Sabakty – Karabalykty Lake System)

The paper deals with the materials from three sites, namely the settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki), Telyashevo-4 and Sabakty-3/5. They are discovered with ceramics of the early nomads (late V – late IV century BC). All these sites are situated within a narrow strip of mountain steppes along the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is on the same latitude as Magnitogorsk. The settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki) was studied in 1972–1976 and 2004–2005. The received materials were analyzed and showed three points of spread early nomadic ceramics. Two of them were revealed by excavations and are rather small in size. Also a similar situation was at Telyashevo-4 settlement. It is shown that all three sites can be interpreted as nomadic campsites. When the author analyzes all the information about the spread area of Southern Ural nomads in the middle of the I millennium BC, the author can conclude that the campsites and other types of settlements close to them were quite common (more than 30 sites are currently recorded). It is particularly complicated to find and register such kind of sites, however, studying them is the only way to learn something new about their household, spread and land development

Criminological Safety as a Type of National Security

The article deals with issues related to the problem of criminological security. Scientific analysis is the relevance of the problem, the evaluation of the concept of “criminological security”, proposed by various scientists. The Author believes that it is advisable to present criminological security as a subsystem of any type of security that requires a separate analysis and appropriate support. Criminological security is an element of any kind of security, for example, international, military, foreign policy, state, public, etc., it includes various kinds of criminal threats and other phenomena related to crime. The data of the author's research concerning the influence of certain criminal threats faced by citizens are presented. The author believes that the presence of criminal threats in all spheres of life of the individual, society and the state requires the creation of the corresponding threats to the system of criminal security. In order to create such a system, it is necessary to identify the actual state of crime and its manifestations in order to identify real and potential internal and external threats at all levels of government, in all spheres of public relations and for each individual

About the Strategies of Criminological Safety of Minors

The article deals with issues related to the diversity of theoretical understanding of the concept of strategy, as well as the analysis of existing strategies for ensuring the criminological safety of minors. Special attention is paid to planning and forecasting the future, in particular, innovative forms of forecasting are being investigated, one of which is Foresight. The foresight ideology is based on modern developments in the field of forecasting, futurology, and strategic analysis. Unlike traditional forecasting, Foresight always implies the participation of many experts from all spheres of activity, to one degree or another related to the topic of a particular foresight project, and sometimes also conducting surveys of certain groups of the population (residents of the region, youth, etc.) who are directly interested in solving  the problems considered in the framework of the project. The result  of a foresight session, unlike other methods of forecasting and planning, is a  “map of the future” – a visually rich space that allows you to see as a whole  the entire subject area, the image of its future, as well as various ways and ways of achieving certain desirable and undesirable states and factors affecting the likelihood of the embodiment of a particular scenario. The article analyzes the activities of the state authorities of the Russian Federation at the legislative level, related to strategic planning. The historical aspect of the concept of “strategy” is investigated. An introduction to the  scientific circulation of the Author's concept of this term is offered. Under the strategy it is necessary to understand the art of managing public relations, based on careful organization and use of available means and forces in order to achieve an appropriate result. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the regulatory legal framework of criminological planning, designed to streamline the complex and multifaceted process of preventive impact on offensive behavior. Attention is drawn to the need to develop a strategic  document aimed directly at ensuring the criminological safety of minors. It  seems that this should be a Concept that addresses both general and specific problems in this area, as well as determining effective control by state bodies

Extracts of salvia species : relation to potential cognitive therapy

BACKGROUND: Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease of the brain associated with cognitive and memory impairments. Despite recognition of several types of dementia, the Alzheimer type is the most studied and understood. The cholinergic theory of Alzheimer's disease led to the development of licensed drugs based on the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Extracts of Salvia (sage) species have been reported to have cholinergic activities relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. AIMS: Lack of information on a chemical fingerprint of the extracts responsible for inhibition of the enzymes butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase prompted this in vitro investigation of sage species for anti-cholinesterase activity. Cholinergic receptor binding activity, inhibition of ß-secretase, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine suppressive activity of extracts of sage species were also studied as relevant treatment targets. METHODS: The extracts were obtained by methods of supercritical fluid extraction using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (Phytosol A) and steam distillation. Dose-dependant inhibition of human cholinesterases by the extracts and constituents was determined using the method of Ellman, while inhibition of ß-secretase via a fluorometric method. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors binding activity was measured as an amount of [3H]-nicotine displaced from human acetylcholine receptors, whereas the muscarinic activity was assessed using the displacement of [3H]-scopolamine. Determination of interleukin 8 inhibitory activity by the extracts was performed via a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay using a commercially available kit. RESULTS: Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by the Phytosol extracts of S. apiana, S. fruticosa and S. officinalis var. purpurea was non-competitive. In contrast, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by S. officinalis var. purpurea oil was competitive. S. corrugata extract was the most potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 0.009±0.004 mg ml", while S. officinalis var. purpurea oil was the most active inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 0.015±0.004 mg ml''. Time dependent increase in inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by steam distilled oils of S. fruticosa and S. officinalis var. "purpurea" was also evident. IC50 values decreased from 0.15±0.007 and 0.14±0.007 mg ml-1 with 5 minutes to 0.035±0.016 and 0.06±0.018 mg ml-1 with 90 minutes incubation time respectively. Phytosol A extracts were more potent than steam distilled oils with respect to anti-cholinesterase activity. Minor synergy in inhibition of bovine acetylcholinesterase was apparent in 1,8-cineole/a-pinene and 1,8- cineole/caryophyllene oxide combinations, whereas a combination of camphor and 1,8- cineole was antagonistic. Oil of S. apiana displaced [3H]-nicotine from human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and [3H]-scopolamine from muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in a dose dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.02 mg ml" and IC50 0.1 mg ml" respectively. This oil also showed a modest suppression of interleukin 8 secretions from goblet cells. None of the tested oils and constituents had anti-ß secretase activity. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the cholinergic activity of the extracts results from a complex interaction between their constituents. Thus, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is mainly due to the activity of the main constituents with some degree of synergy, whereas anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity is down to major synergistic interactions and identification of a chemical fingerprint responsible for the overall activity is therefore challenging. A synergistic combination of extracts or their standardised fractions with multiple activities is may be a candidate for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo