Assessment of coal quality on the site “Uspenivska No 2” in Western Donbas based on the statistical analysis of its chemical and technological properties

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the coal seams’ quality on the site “Uspenivska No 2” in Lozivskyi coal-bearing area of the Western Donbas industrial district; establish their grade composition according to current standards, and find the main directions of their rational use. Methods. The research is based on the methods of analysis, synthesis, and statistical treatment of indices followed by the prognosis and refining of coal quality characteristics. Findings. We analyzed the reserves of fuel and energy resources of Ukraine and evaluated chemical and technological characteristics of coal seams for the site “Uspenivska No 2”. Statistical treatment of the data allowed to reveal the relationships between the quality indices and establish lateral and stratigraphic patterns. The grade composition has been specified and the ways of coal rational use have been considered. Originality. The distribution patterns of coal quality parameters have been established for the site “Uspenivska No 2” in Lozivskyi coal-bearing area of the Western Donbas by statistical analysis. In particular, statistical significance of the reduction in the vitrinite reflectance index and combustion heat, as well as the increase in volatiles output with increasing depth has been confirmed. Practical implications. Detailed statistical analysis of coal quality allowed giving recommendations on rational use and implementation of clean technologies of coal processing at the stage of geological exploration.Цель. Всесторонняя оценка качества основных промышленных угольных пластов участка “Успеновский №2” Лозовского угленосного района Западного Донбасса, установление их марочного состава по действующим стандартам и определение основных направлений их рационального использования. Методика. Методической основой исследований является анализ, обобщение и статистическая обработка показателей с последующим прогнозом и выявлением особенностей качества угля. Результаты. Выполнен анализ запасов топливно-энергетических ресурсов Украины, дана химико-технологическая характеристика углей пластов участка “Успеновский №2”. Проведенная статистическая обработка данных позволила выявить зависимости между показателями качества, а также установить латеральные и стратиграфические закономерности. Уточен марочный состав и пути рационального использования угля. Научная новизна. Путем статистического анализа установлены закономерности распределения показателей качества углей для пластов участка “Успеновский №” Лозовского угленосного района Западного Донбасса, в частности, подтверждена статистическая значимость уменьшения показателя отражения витринита и теплоты сгорания, а также увеличения выхода летучих веществ с увеличением глубины. Практическая значимость. Детальный статистический анализ данных качества угля позволяет дать рекомендации по рациональному использованию и внедрению чистых технологий переработки угля еще на стадии геологоразведочных работ.Мета. Оцінка якості основних промислових вугільних пластів ділянки “Успенівська №2” Лозівського вугленосного району Західного Донбасу, встановлення їх марочного складу за діючими стандартами та визначення основних напрямків раціонального використання. Методика. Методичною основою дослідження є проведення аналізу, узагальнення та статистичної обробки показників із подальшим прогнозом та виявленням особливостей якості вугілля. Результати. Виконано аналіз запасів паливно-енергетичних ресурсів України, надано хіміко-технологічну характеристику вугілля пластів ділянки “Успенівська №2”. Проведена статистична обробка даних, яка дозволила виявити залежності між показниками якості й встановити латеральні та стратиграфічні закономірності. Уточнено марочний склад і шляхи раціонального використання вугілля. Наукова новизна. Шляхом статистичного аналізу встановлено закономірності розподілу показників якості вугілля для пластів ділянки “Успенівська №2” Лозівського вугленосного району Західного Донбасу, зокрема, підтверджена статистична значимість зменшення показника відбиття вітриніту та теплоти згорання, а також збільшення виходу летючих речовин зі збільшенням глибини. Практична значимість. Детальний статистичний аналіз даних якості вугілля дозволяє надати рекомендації щодо раціонального використання та впровадження чистих технологій переробки вугілля ще на стадії геологорозвідувальних робіт.Авторы выражают благодарность в содействии и консультациях генеральному директору ГРГП “Донецкгеология”, д.э.н, к.геол.н. Н.В. Жикаляку

Energy Homeostasis of the Artificial Bladder in Experimental Conditions

Patients with Malignant neoplasms of the bladder or severe anatomical and functional bladder abnormalities are the candidates for cystectomy and orthotopic urine diversion. The distal portion of the ileum is the most frequent anatomical organ, which is used for the formation of the urinary conduit. The formation of a urinary reservoir from the ileum that is unable to perform new functions, and mainly programmed to isolate enzymes, digest food and absorb nutrients, salts and minerals changes the energy exchange in the ileum wall under the influence of urine.The aim of the research is the examination of energy metabolism changes in the ileum wall during the formation of artificial bladder in experimental conditions conducted on mini-pigs. Experimental studies were performed on 21 female mini-pigs with an average age of 6 to 14 months. The duration of the experiment was 12 months. An imbalance of the ATP-ADP-AMP system was observed in the transplant tissue of the graft in different postoperative periods. Changes in the level of ATP are characteristics of the development of tissue ischemia.Results. The values of the adenosine nucleotides sum (the energy potential indicative of the respiration rate of mitochondria) and the phosphorylation index were lower at different times of observation in the transplant tissue. The energy charge value was lower to a lesser extent relative to the control.Conclusion. The revealed changes in the level of adenosine nucleotides confirm the severity of the disturbances of the energy homeostasis in the transplant tissue at all stages of the observation

Energy homeostasis of the artificial bladder in experimental conditions

Patients with malignant neoplasms of the bladder or severe anatomical and functional bladder abnormalities are the candidates for cystectomy and orthotopic urine diversion. The distal portion of the ileum is the most frequent anatomical organ, which is used for the formation of the urinary conduit. The formation of a urinary reservoir from the ileum that is unable to perform new functions, and mainly programmed to isolate enzymes, digest food and absorb nutrients, salts and minerals changes the energy exchange in the ileum wall under the influence of urine. The aim of the research is the examination of energy metabolism changes in the ileum wall during the formation of artifcial bladder in experimental conditions conducted on mini-pigs. Experimental studies were performed on 21 female mini-pigs with an average age of 6 to 14 months. The duration of the experiment was 12 months. An imbalance of the ATP-ADP-AMP system was observed in the transplant tissue of the graft in different postoperative periods. Changes in the level of ATP are characteristics of the development of tissue ischemia. The values of the adenosine nucleotides sum (the energy potential indicative of the respiration rate of mitochondria) and the phosphorylation index were lower at different times of observation in the transplant tissue. The energy charge value was lower to a lesser extent relative to the control. The revealed changes in the level of adenosine nucleotides confrm the severity of the disturbances of the energy homeostasis in the transplant tissue at all stages of the observation

Structural and functional transformation of the small intestine wall in the conditions of the functioning of the artificial urinary reservoir in the experiment

Morphological changes of the wall of the artificial urinary bladder are various and its investigation continues from the moment of the creation of the first conduit on the ileum's section. The aim of the work is to explore the structural-functional transformation of the mucous and the neobladder wall in 12 months after ileocystoplasty in the experimental conditions on mini-pigs. The results of the neobladder's experimental model, created by the execution of cystectomy and ileocystoplasty in 9 experimental mini-pigs are the material of this work. 12 months after the operation of modeling the urinary bladder, animals were removed from the experiment of nembutal overdosing, following the provisions of "The European convention for the Protection of vertebrate animals being in use for experiments or for other scientific purposes". Our morphological changes of the artificial urinary bladder, formed from the segment ileum 12 months after the orthotopic ileoplasty proved significant ultra-structural changes in the neobladder's epithelial layer. Ileum's villi within the conditions of the artificial urinary bladder are decreased and smoothed, epithelial cells are similar to the interjacent epithelium. The connective-tissue plate is thickened and becomes callous, the muscular layer is also thickened. The samples of the ileum, that remained in the normal environment without the compatibility with urine, did not undergo the significant morphological transformations and did not differ from the samples of the intact ileum. The transplantation of the ileum segment for performing new, not-programmed functions causes it to adapt to new conditions, although the urinary bladder and the ileum have different origins and structures from the very beginning. New aggressive conditions and constant contact with urine lead to the transformation of the mucous of the ileum and acquire new features necessary for performing new functions