Foramen Scapulae Osseum

We determined that anomaly of foramen scapula osseum on a skeleton of left scapula which has been in Department of Anatomy in Medical Faculty of Dicle University. Incisura scapulae, just medial to the basis of the coracoid process, we observed that the superior transverse scapular ligament ossifies, resulting in a complete osseous passage which is named foramen scapula osseum. A very narrow scapular foramen can produce a complete peripheral compression syndrome of the suprascapular nerve (paresis of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles). That variation may an important role for determining in paresis of suprascapular nerve

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OPEN AND CLOSED FLOATING KNEE INJURIES

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the functional outcomes between floating knee injuries with open femur and tibia fractures and closed floating knee injuries. Methods: Floating knee injuries (followed up and treated in our clinic) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: floating knee injuries with open femur and tibia fractures (Group 1) and floating knee injuries with closed femur and tibia fractures (Group 2). Patients were compared according to their demographic characteristics and clinical and functional outcomes. Results: Of 52 study patients, 28 had Group 1 injuries and 24, Group 2 injuries. We found a statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay between the two groups (p = 0.01) and a statistically significant difference in Karlström-Olerud functional scores between the groups (p = 0.02). We found osteomyelitis in five (17%) patients in Group 1 and in one (4%) patient in Group 2. Conclusion: Patients with floating knee injuries and open fractures showed poorer outcomes than those with closed fractures. Those with open floating knee injuries show complications more often and longer hospital stays. Level of Evidence III, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment

Soil liquefaction potential in Eskişehir, NW Turkey

Liquefaction is one of the critical problems in geotechnical engineering. High ground water levels and alluvial soils have a high potential risk for damage due to liquefaction, especially in seismically active regions. Eskişehir urban area, studied in this article, is situated within the second degree earthquake region on the seismic hazard zonation map of Turkey and is surrounded by Eskişehir, North Anatolian, Kütahya and Simav Fault Zones. Geotechnical investigations are carried out in two stages: field and laboratory. In the first stage, 232 boreholes in different locations were drilled and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) was performed. Test pits at 106 different locations were also excavated to support geotechnical data obtained from field tests. In the second stage, experimental studies were performed to determine the Atterberg limits and physical properties of soils. Liquefaction potential was investigated by a simplified method based on SPT. A scenario earthquake of magnitude <i>M</i>=6.4, produced by Eskişehir Fault Zone, was used in the calculations. Analyses were carried out for PGA levels at 0.19, 0.30 and 0.47 g. The results of the analyses indicate that presence of high ground water level and alluvial soil increase the liquefaction potential with the seismic features of the region. Following the analyses, liquefaction potential maps were produced for different depth intervals and can be used effectively for development plans and risk management practices in Eskişehir

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

A study on the compatibility of Turkish teaching sets prepared by private publishers with ministry of national education Turkish language teaching program for 6-12 age group foreigners

Çocuklar için yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretimi, 2010 yılından itibaren ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde giderek önem kazanmıştır. Bunun yanında Türk eğitim sisteminde öğrenim gören yabancı çocukların sayısında da önemli artışlar görülmektedir. Bu çocukların öğrenim gördüğü derslerde başarılı olması ve kendi gündelik iletişimlerini sorunsuz sağlayabilmeleri için Türkçe öğrenmeleri gerekmektedir. Ortaya çıkan dil öğrenme ihtiyacı çerçevesinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından Yabancı Diller Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimi (6-12 Yaş) 1. Seviye, 2. Seviye, 3. Seviye Kurs Programı ile iki adet Türkçe öğretim seti hazırlanmıştır. Ancak hazırlanan bu Türkçe öğretim setleri, nicel ve nitel bakımdan Türkçe öğretimine yeteri kadar katkı sağlayamamıştır. Ortaya çıkan bu sorunun giderilmesi amacıyla özel yayınevlerince hazırlanan Türkçe öğretim setleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, özel yayınevlerince hazırlanan; Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Çocuklar İçin Türkçe (ÇİT), Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Türkçe Öğreniyorum, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Yeni Dünyam Türkçe, Akdem Türkçeye Merhaba ve ABC Çocuklar İçin Türkçe öğretim setleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen bu setlerin, Yabancı Diller Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimi (6-12 Yaş) 1. Seviye, 2. Seviye, 3. Seviye Kurs Programı’na göre uygunlukları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çerçevede betimsel tarama modellerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İnceleme sonuçları tablo ve grafikler ile açıklanmıştır.Teaching Turkish as a foreign language for children has become increasingly important at the national and international level since 2010. There is also a significant increase in the number of foreign children studying in the Turkis education system. These children need to learn Turkish to be successful in the lessons they study and to ensure their daily communication without any problems. Within the framework of the emerging language learning needs, prepared were two Turkish teaching sets and Teaching Turkish to Foreign Languages for Foreigners (6-12 years) at the 1st Level, 2nd Level, 3rd Level Course Program by the Ministry of National Education. However, these Turkish teaching sets prepared are not quantitatively and qualitatively sufficient. In order to overcome this problem, Turkish teaching sets prepared by private publishers are important. In this study, prepared by private publishers; Yunus Emre Institute Çocuklar İçin Türkçe (ÇİT), Yunus Emre Institute Türkçe Öğreniyorum, Bahçeşehir University Yeni Dünyam Türkçe, Akdem Türkçeye Merhaba and ABC Çocuklar İçin Türkçe teaching sets for children were examined. The suitability of these sets examined according to the Foreign Language Teaching Turkish to Foreigners (6-12 years) Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 Course Program. In this framework, document analysis method, one of the descriptive scanning models was used. Examination results are explained with tables and graphics

A study on the compatibility of Turkish teaching sets prepared by private publishers with ministry of national education Turkish language teaching program for 6-12 age group foreigners

Çocuklar için yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretimi, 2010 yılından itibaren ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde giderek önem kazanmıştır. Bunun yanında Türk eğitim sisteminde öğrenim gören yabancı çocukların sayısında da önemli artışlar görülmektedir. Bu çocukların öğrenim gördüğü derslerde başarılı olması ve kendi gündelik iletişimlerini sorunsuz sağlayabilmeleri için Türkçe öğrenmeleri gerekmektedir. Ortaya çıkan dil öğrenme ihtiyacı çerçevesinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından Yabancı Diller Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimi (6-12 Yaş) 1. Seviye, 2. Seviye, 3. Seviye Kurs Programı ile iki adet Türkçe öğretim seti hazırlanmıştır. Ancak hazırlanan bu Türkçe öğretim setleri, nicel ve nitel bakımdan Türkçe öğretimine yeteri kadar katkı sağlayamamıştır. Ortaya çıkan bu sorunun giderilmesi amacıyla özel yayınevlerince hazırlanan Türkçe öğretim setleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, özel yayınevlerince hazırlanan; Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Çocuklar İçin Türkçe (ÇİT), Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Türkçe Öğreniyorum, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Yeni Dünyam Türkçe, Akdem Türkçeye Merhaba ve ABC Çocuklar İçin Türkçe öğretim setleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen bu setlerin, Yabancı Diller Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimi (6-12 Yaş) 1. Seviye, 2. Seviye, 3. Seviye Kurs Programı’na göre uygunlukları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çerçevede betimsel tarama modellerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İnceleme sonuçları tablo ve grafikler ile açıklanmıştır.Teaching Turkish as a foreign language for children has become increasingly important at the national and international level since 2010. There is also a significant increase in the number of foreign children studying in the Turkis education system. These children need to learn Turkish to be successful in the lessons they study and to ensure their daily communication without any problems. Within the framework of the emerging language learning needs, prepared were two Turkish teaching sets and Teaching Turkish to Foreign Languages for Foreigners (6-12 years) at the 1st Level, 2nd Level, 3rd Level Course Program by the Ministry of National Education. However, these Turkish teaching sets prepared are not quantitatively and qualitatively sufficient. In order to overcome this problem, Turkish teaching sets prepared by private publishers are important. In this study, prepared by private publishers; Yunus Emre Institute Çocuklar İçin Türkçe (ÇİT), Yunus Emre Institute Türkçe Öğreniyorum, Bahçeşehir University Yeni Dünyam Türkçe, Akdem Türkçeye Merhaba and ABC Çocuklar İçin Türkçe teaching sets for children were examined. The suitability of these sets examined according to the Foreign Language Teaching Turkish to Foreigners (6-12 years) Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 Course Program. In this framework, document analysis method, one of the descriptive scanning models was used. Examination results are explained with tables and graphics

Türk hazır giyim sektöründe hedef maliyet yönetim sisteminin uygulanabilirlik düzeyi ve çeşitli firma özelliklerinin bu düzey üzerindeki etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk hazır giyim sektöründe hedef maliyet yönetim sisteminin uygulanabilirlik düzeyini ve bu düzey üzerinde çeşitli firma özelliklerinin etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırmamızın sonuçlarına göre, Türk Hazır Giyim Sektöründe “kesinlikle uygulanamaz”, “uygulanamaz”, “uygulanabilir”, “uygulanır” ve “kesinlikle uygulanır” şeklinde beş seviyede ölçülen uygulanabilirlik düzeyi, “uygulanır” olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgularımız, uygulanabilirlik düzeyinin; firma büyüklüğü, ihracat miktarı gibi bir dizi firma karakteristiğinden etkilenmekte olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability level of target costing management system in Turkish ready to wear industry and to explore the effects of various firm characteristics on this level above mentioned. According to the results of our research, the applicability level of target costing management system which has been measured as “certainly unapplicable”, “unapplicable”, “neither applicable nor unapplicable”, “applicable” and “certainly applicable” in Turkish ready to wear industry is applicable ( 57 .3=X ). This study has also showed that the applicability level of target costing management system has been affected from various firm characteristics such as firm size, export etc

Pigeon breeding culture, some problems and solutions in provinces of Batman, Diyarbakir, Mardin and Şanliurfa

Derleme de, Diyarbakır, Mardin ve Şanlıurfa illerinde güvercin yetiştiriciliği ile ilgili bazı bilgilerin bir araya getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Güvercinler yetiştirilme amaçlarına göre dalıcı, taklacı, makaracı, dönücü, filo uçucusu, yüksek uçucu, posta, süs ve ötücü olmak üze re gruplandırılabilir. Güvercin Türk kültüründe genellikle olumlu bir role sahip olmuştur. Güvercin Türkiyenin kuzeyinden güneyine, doğusundan batısına her yerde bulunabilir. Batman, Diyarbakır, Mardin ve Şanlıurfanın kültüründe güvercin yetiştiriciliği her zaman önemli olmuştur. Bu illerde birçok yerel ırk yetiştirilmektedir. Batmanda genellikle taklacı tip güvercinler yetiştirilir. Şehirde 1000den fazla profesyonel yetiştirici bulunmaktadır. Diyarbakırda Göğsüak, Ketme, İçağlı ve Kızılbaş tipi güvercinler yetiştirilir. Mardinde de taklacı tip güvercinler yetiştirilir ve bu bölgede güvercin yetiştiriciliği çok önemli bir kültür öğesidir. Şanlıurfa da önemli bir güvercin yetiştiriciliği merkezidir. Burada ev, kafes, evlere alışkın yabani kuş, kıymetli damızlıklar ve yapşan adı verilen ayağı tüylü güvercinler yetiştirilir. B u bölgede güvercin yetiştiriciliğinin en önemli sorunu yetiştiricilerinin örgütlenememiş olmasıdır. B u sorun kısa sürede yetiştiriciler tarafından çözümlenmelidir.This study was carried out to gather some basic information about pigeon raised in provinces of Diyarbakir, Mardin and Sanliurfa . They can be grouped related with their husbandry purpose as diver, tumbler (somersaulter), roller, spinner, fleet flier, high flier, racing homer, show and singer type pigeon breeds. Pigeon has generally been in positive role in Turkish culture . Pigeons can be found in all places from north to south and from west to east of Turkey. Pigeon husbandry in provinces of Batman, Diyarbakır, Mardin and Şanlıurfa has always been important in their culture. Lots of local pigeon breeds are raised in those provinces. In province of Batman there are raised tumbler type pigeons. In the city there are more than 1.000 professional pigeon breeder. In Diyarbakır there are raised pigeon types of Goğs&uuml;ak, Ketme, İ&ccedil; ağlı and Kızılbaş. In Mardin there are raised also tumbler types pigeons and pigeon breeding is a very important culture component in this region. In Şanlıurfa this city is an also very important pigeon breeding centre. There also raised different types of pigeons including pet, cage, feral pigeons which lived in buildings , valua ble stud pigeons and yapşan pigeons which have legs in feather. In this region the main problem of pigeon breeding is lack of breeding association or clubs in those provinces and this problem should be solved by local pigeon breeders soon