Citizen Science for Disaster Risk Governance: Towards a Participative Seismological Monitoring of the Mayotte Volcanic Crisis

The United Nations (UN) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aims to mitigate natural disasters, specifically in developing regions. It promotes the adoption of people-centered disaster risk reduction approaches. Hence, citizen science represents an interesting tool to engage populations in the mitigation of disaster risk, through data collection and analysis, and in the dissemination of scientific and safety information. Herein, we evaluate the potential and feasibility of a citizen science project on the island of Mayotte (in the Mozambique Channel). Mayotte has been experiencing an unexpected volcano-seismic crisis since 2018, which has generated strong anxiety in the population. To address this, we have developed a citizen seismology program to engage Mayotte’s inhabitants in seismic data processing. First, we conducted an initial test of our protocol to identify seismic events with a set of university students. We then conducted 15 interviews with members of local administrations and associations to assess the potential for engaging the general population in this project. The results show that we are able to collect reliable data from citizens with non-professional backgrounds using the protocol designed in the project. We also show a strong demand for scientific information from Mayotte’s inhabitants, associated with a robust trust in science and scientists, despite the circulation of alternative explanations for the seismicity among the population. Based on these results, our citizen science project could be positively received by Mayotte’s inhabitants, if advertised adequately. Finally, we discuss the value of these results for disaster risk reduction in vulnerable territories

Structure et dynamique de neuropeptides liés à leur récepteur

International audienc

Data and service management of the European volcanological community by the Volcano Observations Thematic Core Service (EPOS-ERIC)

The Volcano Observations Thematic Core Service (VOLC-TCS) is one of the TCSs forming the EPOS European Research Infrastructure Consortium (EPOS-ERIC). The overarching objective of the VOLC-TCS is the implementation of the technical and legal framework consistent with EPOS infrastructure for both coordinating the European volcanology community and giving access to data and services relevant to the volcanoes located in the European countries and their overseas territories, provided by Volcano Observatories (VOs) and Research Institutions (VRIs). To ensure a long-term sustainable operational infrastructure it was necessary to define a clear financial, legal, political and governance framework, alongside the solution of technical issues. One of the main challenges of the management of volcanological data consists in their great heterogeneity, regarding technical characteristics, and also legal aspects (e.g., different data policies among the data providers, different purposes for the use of data from science to monitoring, early-warning, information, etc.). Another challenge derives from the consistency of the VO-TCS with the service provision of EPOS, which characteristic is to merge different Earth Science communities (seismology, GNSS, geomagnetic, geochemistry, geology, etc.). Indeed, some of the services used in volcanology are in common with other communities, thus the implementation work was also devoted to harmonize the provision of data and products standardized by other TCS with the provision of volcanological services. Another important task is the implementation of the community Gateway which is aimed at allowing services not fully compliant with EPOS or implemented by institutions outside the EPOS perimeter, to be visible in EPOS and creating the conditions to interface the VOLC-TCS with data infrastructures operating at global level (e.g., WOVOdat)

Noeud A VOLCANO de RESIF : bilan et perspectives

Knot A VOLCANO is part of the RESIF research infrastructure information system and concentrates seismic data from the three volcanological and seismological observatories of the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. These observatories operate short-seismological stations-analogical period, short-digital three-component period, medium-digital band and digital wideband. These data are used for monitoring regional volcanic and land-based activity, as well as tsunami warning. The poster presents the results at the end of 2017 and the prospects for this knot A.The French Seismological and Geodetic Network RESIF is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Internal Earth. RESIF is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. The data collected make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic events, on French territory. RESIF is integrated into European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments for imaging the Earth's interior as a whole and studying many natural phenomena.Le nœud A VOLCANO fait partie du système d'information de l'infrastructure de recherche RESIF et concentre les données sismiques des trois observatoires volcanologiques et sismologiques de l'Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. Ces observatoires opèrent des stations sismologiques courte-période analogique, courte-période numérique trois composantes, moyenne- bande numérique et large-bande numérique. Ces données sont utilisées pour le suivi de l’activité volcanique et tellurique régionale, ainsi que l’alerte aux tsunamis. Le poster présente le bilan fin 2017 et les perspectives pour ce noeud A.Le Réseau sismologique et géodésique français RESIF est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dédiée à l’observation et la compréhension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RESIF se base sur des réseaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composés d’instruments sismologiques, géodésiques et gravimétriques déployés de manière dense sur tout le territoire français. Les données recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle la déformation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicité à l’échelle locale et globale et les aléas naturels, et plus particulièrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RESIF s’intègre aux dispositifs européens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intérieur de la Terre dans sa globalité et d’étudier de nombreux phénomènes naturels

Automatic detection for a comprehensive view of Mayotte seismicity

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Bibliothèques et publics handicapés visuels

Il y a, en France, quelque 1 500 000 mal-voyants et 70 000 aveugles pour qui l'accès à l'information et à l'écrit constitue un véritable parcours du combattant. Les bibliothèques ont un rôle primordial à jouer vis-à-vis de ces publics. Depuis l'ouverture en 1984 de la salle Borges par la Bibliothèque publique d'information, suivie par celle de l'espace Louis Braille à la Médiathèque de la Cité des sciences et de l'industrie en 1986, les bibliothèques publiques et universitaires sont de plus e..

Initial results from a hydroacoustic network to monitor submarine lava flows near Mayotte Island

In 2019, a new underwater volcano was discovered at 3500 m below sea level (b.s.l.), 50 km east of Mayotte Island in the northern part of the Mozambique Channel. In January 2021, the submarine eruption was still going on and the volcanic activity, along with the intense seismicity that accompanies this crisis, was monitored by the recently created REVOSIMA (MAyotte VOlcano and Seismic Monitoring) network. In this framework, four hydrophones were moored in the SOFAR channel in October 2020. Surrounding the volcano, they monitor sounds generated by the volcanic activity and the lava flows. The first year of hydroacoustic data evidenced many earthquakes, underwater landslides, large marine mammal calls, along with anthropogenic noise. Of particular interest are impulsive signals that we relate to steam bursts during lava flow emplacement. A preliminary analysis of these impulsive signals (ten days in a year, and only one day in full detail) reveals that lava emplacement was active when our monitoring started, but faded out during the first year of the experiment. A systematic and robust detection of these specific signals would hence contribute to monitor active submarine eruptions in the absence of seafloor deep-tow imaging or swath-bathymetry surveys of the active area

The European Volcano Observatories and their use of the aviation colour code system

Volcano observatories (VOs) around the world are required to maintain surveillance of their volcanoes and inform civil protection and aviation authorities about impending eruptions. They often work through consolidated procedures to respond to volcanic crises in a timely manner and provide a service to the community aimed at reducing the potential impact of an eruption. Within the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW) framework of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), designated State Volcano Observatories (SVOs) are asked to operate a colour coded system designed to inform the aviation community about the status of a volcano and the expected threats associated. Despite the IAVW documentation defining the different colour-coded levels, operating the aviation colour code in a standardised way is not easy, as sometimes, different SVOs adopt different strategies on how, when, and why to change it. Following two European VOs and Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) workshops, the European VOs agreed to present an overview on how they operate the aviation colour code. The comparative analysis presented here reveals that not all VOs in Europe use this system as part of their operational response, mainly because of a lack of volcanic eruptions since the aviation colour code was officially established, or the absence of a formal designation as an SVO. We also note that the VOs that do regularly use aviation colour code operate it differently depending on the frequency and styles of eruptions, the historical eruptive activity, the nature of the unrest, the monitoring level, institutional norms, previous experiences, and on the agreement they may have with the local Air Transport Navigation providers. This study shows that even though the aviation colour code system was designed to provide a standard, its usage strongly depends on the institutional subjectivity in responding to volcano emergencies. Some common questions have been identified across the different (S)VOs that will need to be addressed by ICAO to have a more harmonised approach and usage of the aviation colour code