Incidence of canine impaction in tribal population of Jharkhand

Introduction: The position of the canine has a key role in facial harmony, dental aesthetics, functional occlusion, and health of temperomandibular joint. Maxillary canine impaction is the second most common tooth after third molars impaction. Maxillary canines are more prone to impaction due to longer path of eruption. Settings and Design: All the patients were examined in the Dental Chair light and referred to the department of Oral Radiology for Orthopantomogram. Yamamoto's classification was used to classify maxillary canine impaction. Position of mandibular canine from cement-enamel junction was used for mandibular canine impaction. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 2300 patients who consulted the orthodontic department from January 2018 to July 2022. Orthopantomogram of each patient was examined for canine impaction, retained deciduous teeth, cyst, and other anomalies. The incidence and pattern of canine impaction was assessed. Statistical Analysis: The data was then statistically analyzed using Graph Pad Prism software. The incidence of impacted canine was evaluated. The effect of gender was evaluated using a t-test. Results: A total of 2300 subjects were examined out of which 52 individuals were diagnosed with canine impaction. The incidence of canine impaction among orthodontic patients is 2.26%. The amount of canine impaction in females (60%) is higher than males (40%). The ratio of canine impaction of the maxilla and mandible is 2.5. Conclusion: The incidence of canine impaction was found to be 2.26 percent in the tribal dominant population of Jharkhand. Type II (50%) pattern in the maxilla and Level A (57%) impaction in the mandible was found to be the highest

Exploring Stellar Cluster and Feedback-driven Star Formation in the Galactic Mid-infrared Bubble [HKS2019] E70

We present a comprehensive analysis of the Galactic mid-infrared bubble [HKS2019] E70 (E70) by adopting a multiwavelength approach to understand the physical environment and star formation scenario around it. We identified a small (radius ∼1.7 pc) stellar cluster inside the E70 bubble, and its distance is estimated as 3.26 ± 0.45 kpc. This cluster is embedded in the molecular cloud and hosts massive stars, as well as young stellar objects (YSOs), suggesting active star formation in the region. The spectral type of the brightest star (M1) of the E70 cluster is estimated as O9V, and a circular ring/shell of gas and dust is found around it. The diffuse radio emission inside this ring/shell, the excess pressure exerted by the massive star M1 at the YSO’s core, and the distribution of photodissociation regions, a class I YSO, and two ultracompact H ii regions on the rim of this ring/shell clearly suggest positive feedback of the massive star M1 in the region. We also found a low-density shell-like structure in the ^12 CO( J = 1–0) molecular emission along the perimeter of the E70 bubble. The velocity structure of the ^12 CO emission suggests that the feedback from the massive star appears to have expelled the molecular material, and the subsequent swept-up material is what appears as the E70 bubble

A multiwavelength investigation of the H ii region S311: young stellar population and star formation

We present a multiwavelength investigation of the young stellar population and star formation activities around the H ii region Sharpless 311. Using our deep near-infrared observations and archival Spitzer-IRAC observations, we have detected a total of 125 young stellar objects (YSOs) in an area of ∼86 arcmin2. The YSO sample includes eight Class I and 117 Class II candidate YSOs. The mass completeness of the identified YSO sample is estimated to be 1.0 M⊙. The ages and masses of the majority of the candidate YSOs are estimated to be in the range ∼0.1–5 Myr and ∼0.3–6 M⊙, respectively. The 8-μm image of S311 displays an approximately spherical cavity around the ionizing source, which was possibly created by the expansion of the H ii region. The spatial distribution of the candidate YSOs reveals that a significant number of them are distributed systematically along the 8-μm emission with a majority clustered around the eastern border of the H ii region. Four clumps/compact H ii regions are detected in the radio continuum observations at 1280 MHz, which may have been formed during the expansion of the H ii region. The estimated dynamical age of the region, main-sequence lifetime of the ionizing source, the spatial distribution and ages of the candidate YSOs indicate triggered star formation in the complex