Zuwanderung und Integration von (Spät-)Aussiedlern: Ermittlung und Bewertung der Auswirkungen des Wohnortzuweisungsgesetzes

Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung; 1.1 Hintergrund der Untersuchung; 1.2 Fragestellung der Untersuchung; 1.3 Auswahl der Untersuchungsgemeinden; 2 Rechts- und Datenlage zur regionalen Verteilung von (Spät-)Aussiedlern; 2.1 Rechtslage der Zuwanderung von (Spät-)Aussiedlern; 2.2 Zuwanderung von (Spät-)Aussiedlern; 3 Forschungsstand zur räumlichen Verteilung und Integration von (Spät-)Aussiedlern; 3.1 Räumliche Aspekte der Mobilität und Integration; 3.2 Arbeitsmarktintegration; 3.3 Schulbildung und Berufseinstieg junger (Spät-)Aussiedler; 3.4 Sprachkompetenz; 4 Expertenbefragung in den Kommunen; 4.1 Untersuchungsdesign und Erhebungsmethode; 4.2 Zuzug und räumliche Verteilung von Spätaussiedlern; 4.3 Beurteilung des Zuzugs und der Integration von (Spät-)Aussiedlern; 4.4 Beurteilung des Wohnortzuweisungsgesetzes; 4.5 Fazit; 5 Befragung der (Spät-)Aussiedler; 5.1 Methode der Untersuchung; 5.2 Wohnortzuweisung und Umzugsverhalten; 5.3 Aspekte der Integration; 5.4 Unterschiede durch Geltung des Wohnortzuweisungsgesetzes; 5.5 Vergleich der Untersuchungsgebiete; 5.6 Einfluss der Wohnortzuweisung auf ausgewählte Aspekte der Integration; 6 Schlussfolgerungen; 6.1 Stand der Forschung zur Verteilung und Integration von (Spät-)Aussiedlern; 6.2 Schlussfolgerungen aus der Sicht der Kommunen; 6.3 Schlussfolgerungen aus der Sicht der befragten (Spät-)Aussiedler; 6.4 Beurteilung des Wohnortzuweisungsgesetzes; 7 Literatur; 8 Anhang; 8.1 Fragebogen für Stadtkämmerer; 8.2 Leitfaden für die Expertengespräche; 8.3 Fragebogen der Spätaussiedlerbefragung

Bestimmungsfaktoren internationaler Migration: ein Überblick über Theorien zur Erklärung von Wanderungen

'Der Bericht beinhaltet eine Zusammenfassung von Migrationstheorien aus Ökonomie und Sozialwissenschaften. Diese dienen der Erklärung von Wanderungsentscheidungen und Wanderungsbewegungen und stellen die Grundlage für die Vorhersage zukünftiger Wanderungsentwicklungen dar. Um vorhandene Studien über Migrationspotenziale zu beurteilen, ist es daher notwendig, Kenntnisse über theoretische Grundlagen zu haben. Insofern stellt diese Einführung in die Migrationstheorie ein Werkzeug für den kritischen Umgang mit gängigen Prognosemodellen, Befragungsinstrumenten und Schätzungen dar. Es werden mikro- und makrotheoretische Ansätze sowie Meso-Ebenenansätze beschrieben.' (Autorenreferat

Occupational gender segregation and gender differences in justice evaluations

Kruphölter S, Sauer C, Valet P. Occupational gender segregation and gender differences in justice evaluations. SFB 882 Working Paper Series. Vol 45. Bielefeld: DFG Research Center (SFB) 882 From Heterogeneities to Inequalities; 2015.Gender differences in justice evaluations of earnings are of considerable interest since the late 1970s, especially against the backdrop that women usually earn less than men but widely perceive their earnings as being more just. Newer research specifically draws attention to contextual influences in order to explain this seeming paradox. The idea of this paper is to first identify three parameters that are crucial for justice evaluations: comparison processes, status beliefs and occupational segregation. We assume that the segregation of the labor market in male and female dominated occupations influences justice evaluations of men and women. Hypotheses are tested using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) of years 2009-2013. Results indicate that women working in female dominated occupations evaluate their earnings as being less unjust than women in male-dominated occupations. Men in female-dominated occupations do not show differences in their justice evaluations compared to men in other occupations. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of the literature on gender segregation, social comparisons, status beliefs and distributive justice

Carbon‐negative hydrogen production : fundamentals for a techno‐economic and environmental assessment of HyBECCS approaches

In order to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality, hydrogen generated from renewable sources will play an important role. Additionally, as underlined in the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), new technologies to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere are required on a large scale. A novel concept for hydrogen production with net negative emissions referred to as HyBECCS (Hydrogen Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) combines these two purposes in one technological approach. The HyBECCS concept combines biohydrogen production from biomass with the capture and storage of biogenic carbon dioxide. Various technology combinations of HyBECCS processes are possible, whose ecological effects and economic viability need to be analyzed in order to provide a basis for comparison and decision‐making. This paper presents fundamentals for the techno‐economic and environmental evaluation of HyBECCS approaches. Transferable frameworks on system boundaries as well as emission, cost, and revenue streams are defined and specifics for the application of existing assessment methods are elaborated. In addition, peculiarities concerning the HyBECCS approach with respect to political regulatory measures and interrelationships between economics and ecology are outlined. Based on these considerations, two key performance indicators (KPIs) are established, referred to as levelized cost of carbon‐negative hydrogen (LCCNH) and of negative emissions (LCNE). Both KPIs allow deciding whether a specific HyBECCS project is economically viable and allows its comparison with different hydrogen, energy provision, or negative emission technologies (NETs).Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und EnergieMinistry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection of Baden‐Wuerttemberg, GermanyProjekt DEA

Perspectives of biogas plants as BECCS facilities : a comparative analysis of biomethane vs. biohydrogen production with carbon capture and storage or use (CCS/CCU)

The transition to a carbon-neutral economy requires innovative solutions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and promote sustainable energy production. Additionally, carbon dioxide removal technologies are urgently needed. The production of biomethane or biohydrogen with carbon dioxide capture and storage are two promising BECCS approaches to achieve these goals. In this study, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches regarding their technical, economic, and environmental performance. Our analysis shows that while both approaches have the potential to reduce GHG emissions and increase energy security, the hydrogen-production approach has several advantages, including up to five times higher carbon dioxide removal potential. However, the hydrogen bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (HyBECCS) approach also faces some challenges, such as higher capital costs, the need for additional infrastructure, and lower energy efficiency. Our results give valuable insights into the trade-offs between these two approaches. They can inform decision-makers regarding the most suitable method for reducing GHG emissions and provide renewable energy in different settings.German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and EnergyMinistry of the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector Baden-WuerttembergGerman Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF

Drug sensitivity profiling of 3D tumor tissue cultures in the pediatric precision oncology program INFORM

The international precision oncology program INFORM enrolls relapsed/refractory pediatric cancer patients for comprehensive molecular analysis. We report a two-year pilot study implementing ex vivo drug sensitivity profiling (DSP) using a library of 75-78 clinically relevant drugs. We included 132 viable tumor samples from 35 pediatric oncology centers in seven countries. DSP was conducted on multicellular fresh tumor tissue spheroid cultures in 384-well plates with an overall mean processing time of three weeks. In 89 cases (67%), sufficient viable tissue was received; 69 (78%) passed internal quality controls. The DSP results matched the identified molecular targets, including BRAF, ALK, MET, and TP53 status. Drug vulnerabilities were identified in 80% of cases lacking actionable (very) high-evidence molecular events, adding value to the molecular data. Striking parallels between clinical courses and the DSP results were observed in selected patients. Overall, DSP in clinical real-time is feasible in international multicenter precision oncology programs

Drug sensitivity profiling of 3D tumor tissue cultures in the pediatric precision oncology program INFORM

The international precision oncology program INFORM enrolls relapsed/refractory pediatric cancer patients for comprehensive molecular analysis. We report a two-year pilot study implementing ex vivo drug sensitivity profiling (DSP) using a library of 75–78 clinically relevant drugs. We included 132 viable tumor samples from 35 pediatric oncology centers in seven countries. DSP was conducted on multicellular fresh tumor tissue spheroid cultures in 384-well plates with an overall mean processing time of three weeks. In 89 cases (67%), sufficient viable tissue was received; 69 (78%) passed internal quality controls. The DSP results matched the identified molecular targets, including BRAF, ALK, MET, and TP53 status. Drug vulnerabilities were identified in 80% of cases lacking actionable (very) high-evidence molecular events, adding value to the molecular data. Striking parallels between clinical courses and the DSP results were observed in selected patients. Overall, DSP in clinical real-time is feasible in international multicenter precision oncology programs

Drug sensitivity profiling of 3D tumor tissue cultures in the pediatric precision oncology program INFORM

The international precision oncology program INFORM enrolls relapsed/refractory pediatric cancer patients for comprehensive molecular analysis. We report a two-year pilot study implementing ex vivo drug sensitivity profiling (DSP) using a library of 75-78 clinically relevant drugs. We included 132 viable tumor samples from 35 pediatric oncology centers in seven countries. DSP was conducted on multicellular fresh tumor tissue spheroid cultures in 384-well plates with an overall mean processing time of three weeks. In 89 cases (67%), sufficient viable tissue was received; 69 (78%) passed internal quality controls. The DSP results matched the identified molecular targets, including BRAF, ALK, MET, and TP53 status. Drug vulnerabilities were identified in 80% of cases lacking actionable (very) high-evidence molecular events, adding value to the molecular data. Striking parallels between clinical courses and the DSP results were observed in selected patients. Overall, DSP in clinical real-time is feasible in international multicenter precision oncology programs.Peer reviewe

Analysis of the cell surface layer ultrastructure of the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia

The Gram-negative oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia is decorated with a 2D crystalline surface (S-) layer, with two different S-layer glycoprotein species being present. Prompted by the predicted virulence potential of the S-layer, this study focused on the analysis of the arrangement of the individual S-layer glycoproteins by a combination of microscopic, genetic, and biochemical analyses. The two S-layer genes are transcribed into mRNA and expressed into protein in equal amounts. The S-layer was investigated on intact bacterial cells by transmission electron microscopy, by immune fluorescence microscopy, and by atomic force microscopy. The analyses of wild-type cells revealed a distinct square S-layer lattice with an overall lattice constant of 10.1 ± 0.7 nm. In contrast, a blurred lattice with a lattice constant of 9.0 nm was found on S-layer single-mutant cells. This together with in vitro self-assembly studies using purified (glyco)protein species indicated their increased structural flexibility after self-assembly and/or impaired self-assembly capability. In conjunction with TEM analyses of thin-sectioned cells, this study demonstrates the unusual case that two S-layer glycoproteins are co-assembled into a single S-layer. Additionally, flagella and pilus-like structures were observed on T. forsythia cells, which might impact the pathogenicity of this bacterium