Formulation and In-vitro evaluation of pH sensitive oil entrapped buoyant beads of amoxicillin

A gastro retentive pH sensitive system has been a frontier approach to release the drug in controlled manner in stomach and duodenum. The aim of the study is to develop reliable formulation of amoxicillin which will release the drug in controlled way at specific site with acidic pH stimulus present in the gastric region. In the present investigation pectin based oil entrapped micro gel beads were prepared by ionic gelation technique using castor oil and mineral oil. The developed beads were evaluated in term of diameter, surface morphology, floating lag time, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release.Prepared microbeads were regular and spherical in shape. The formulation exhibited sustained release profile and was best fitted in the Peppas model with n < 0.45. Subsequent coating of microbeads exhibited zero-order sustained pattern of amoxicillin release up to 8 hrs.The Results provides evidence that optimized gel bead may be used to incorporate antibiotics like amoxicillin and may be effective when administered locally in the stomach to cure microbial infection.Keywords: Amoxicillin (Am); Calcium pectinate bead; Residential time; pH Sensitive; Ethyl cellulose (EC

Carbon nanotubes as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer therapy: a review

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered in 1991 and shown to have certain unique physicochemical properties, attracting considerable interest in their application in various fields including drug delivery. The unique properties of CNTs such as ease of cellular uptake, high drug loading, thermal ablation, among others, render them useful for cancer therapy. Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases of modern times because its therapy involves distinguishing normal healthy cells from affected cells. Here, CNTs play a major role because phenomena such as EPR, allow CNTs to distinguish normal cells from affected ones, the Holy Grail in cancer therapy. Considerable work has been done on CNTs as drug delivery systems over the last two decades. However, concerns over certain issues such as biocompatibility and toxicity have been raised and warrant extensive research in this field.Os nanotubos de carbono foram descobertos em 1991 e suas propriedades físico-químicas únicas demonstradas, despertando interesse em sua aplicação em vários campos, incluindo a entrega liberação de fármacos. As propriedades únicas dos nanotubos de carbono, tais como a facilidade de captação pela célula, carga alta de fármaco, ablação térmica, entre outras, tornaram-nos úteis para terapia de câncer, uma das doenças mais difíceis dos tempos modernos, pois sua terapia envolve a distinção entre as células normais saudáveis e as afetadas pela doença. Os nanotubos de carbono têm um papel importante nessa área porque fenômenos como EPR permitem que estes possam distinguir as células normais das afetadas, que é o Santo Graal na terapia do câncer. Trabalho considerável tem sido feito ao longo das duas últimas década com nanotubos de carbono, como sistemas de liberação de fármacos. No entanto, preocupações sobre algumas questões, como biocompatibilidade e toxicidade, surgiram ao longo do tempo, demandando extensas pesquisa nesse campo

RS-based regional crop identification and mapping: A case study of Barwala sub-branch of Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana (India)

Information on spatial land use is the main input in strategic and tactical plan-making by all agricultural participants in countries like India with agriculture at the mainstay of the economy. In addition, accurately evaluation of the management of crops in a spatio-temporal context, information on cropping systems is also required, but such information on a regional scale are scarcely available. The spectrum of multiannual patterns of land use on cultivable land, however, remains unknown. The paper thus focuses on the mapping of the cropping systems that are actually practiced in Hisar District of Haryana (India). The objective of this research was to use satellite data and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to identify the cropping pattern of Barwala sub-branch of Sirsa branch of the Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana. To identify classes of interest, handheld GPS was used to collect ground-truth information. Mask of mixed classes was developed to reclassify an image under the mask. Moreover, appropriate classification of images and application of logical combinations helped in generating cropping pattern maps and statistics. Results revealed that major crops identified in the study area were cotton, rice and pearl-millet in Kharif season, which accounts for about 70% of total cultivated area. In the case of Rabi season, wheat and mustard were observed as the major crops covering approximately 57% of total area. RS technology is currently capable of providing cropping pattern with 90% accuracy. The results of the current study could be useful in the land use and efficient water management in the canal command areas in the water-scarce southern Haryana, India. Some crops like guar, pearl-millet, horticultural crops, etc. were also identified during this period but the major crops that were identified during Kharif season were Rice and Cotton

Anti-Relapse Efficacy of Transdermal Primaquine Against Plasmodium Cynomolgi B in Rhesus Monkeys

Transdermal administration of primaquine has been found to produce radical cure against sporozoite induced Plasmodium cynomolgi B infection in rhesus monkeys. Formulation containing 7mg/kg primaquine (base) was curative in 12 out of 13 rhesus monkeys as no relapse occurred during the observation period of 100 days

Pharmacognostic investigations of Achyranthes aspera Linn.

 Aims & objective: Some pharmacognostical investigations were carried out on the leaves, stems and roots of Achyranthes aspera Linn to record parameters for identifying and differentiating various species of Achyranthes. Methods: The research specimens were authenticated and preserved both in fresh and dry forms. The leaves and stems were morphologically screened followed by anatomical studies with the aid of Labphot 2 microscopic units. Powder microscopy and micrometric studies, including leaf constants, were performed using suitable tools and reagents under different magnifications. Important observations and results: The leaves were petiolate and opposite, decussate, elliptic-obovate, acute apex with decurrent base, abaxial surfaces which turned blackish on storage, and had irritant smell with a slightly bitter taste. The vein islets were squarish and polygonal. Covering and glandular trichomes; anisocytic and anomocytic stomata were evident. Anomalous secondary growth of xylem and phloem in stem and roots; Vessels were helical, spiral and pitted; rosette shaped calcium oxalate crystals were also evident.&nbsp

Carbon nanotubes as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer therapy: a review

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered in 1991 and shown to have certain unique physicochemical properties, attracting considerable interest in their application in various fields including drug delivery. The unique properties of CNTs such as ease of cellular uptake, high drug loading, thermal ablation, among others, render them useful for cancer therapy. Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases of modern times because its therapy involves distinguishing normal healthy cells from affected cells. Here, CNTs play a major role because phenomena such as EPR, allow CNTs to distinguish normal cells from affected ones, the Holy Grail in cancer therapy. Considerable work has been done on CNTs as drug delivery systems over the last two decades. However, concerns over certain issues such as biocompatibility and toxicity have been raised and warrant extensive research in this field

Ion pairing RP-HPLC analytical methods for simultaneous estimation of simvastatin and its â-hydroxy acid

371-376Sensitive HPLC assay methods for Simvastatin (SV), a hypolipidemic agent, and its corresponding â-hydroxy acid (SVA), were developed and validated for their simultaneous estimation in solutions of various studies. HPLC separations were achieved on (i) C₈ Lichrocart® Lichrosphere® (ii) CN Lichrocart® Lichrosphere® and (iii) C₁₈ Phenomenex® columns. The eluents were monitored by diode array detector at 240 nm. Retention times were: SV, 8-9; and SVA, 5.5-6 min. The lower limit of detection of both SV and SVA on C₁₈ column was 0.05 μg/ml and on C₈ and CN columns was 0.1 μg/ml. Reproducibility of the method were determined by inter and intra assay precision (< 6%)

RS-based regional crop identification and mapping: A case study of Barwala sub-branch of Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana (India)

182-186Information on spatial land use is the main input in strategic and tactical plan-making by all agricultural participants in countries like India with agriculture at the mainstay of the economy. In addition, accurately evaluation of the management of crops in a spatio-temporal context, information on cropping systems is also required, but such information on a regional scale are scarcely available. The spectrum of multiannual patterns of land use on cultivable land, however, remains unknown. The paper thus focuses on the mapping of the cropping systems that are actually practiced in Hisar District of Haryana (India). The objective of this research was to use satellite data and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to identify the cropping pattern of Barwala sub-branch of Sirsa branch of the Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana. To identify classes of interest, handheld GPS was used to collect ground-truth information. Mask of mixed classes was developed to reclassify an image under the mask. Moreover, appropriate classification of images and application of logical combinations helped in generating cropping pattern maps and statistics. Results revealed that major crops identified in the study area were cotton, rice and pearl-millet in Kharif season, which accounts for about 70% of total cultivated area. In the case of Rabi season, wheat and mustard were observed as the major crops covering approximately 57% of total area. RS technology is currently capable of providing cropping pattern with 90% accuracy. The results of the current study could be useful in the land use and efficient water management in the canal command areas in the water-scarce southern Haryana, India. Some crops like guar, pearl-millet, horticultural crops, etc. were also identified during this period but the major crops that were identified during Kharif season were Rice and Cotton