DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL IMIDAZO[1,2-A]PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: The present study aims to synthesize a novel derivatives of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity.Methods: A series of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, Fourier transform infrared, mass spectral analysis, and screened for their antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. Molecular docking studies were performed with a bacterial beta subunit of DNA gyrase using Auto Dock 4.2.6, and the docked conformations were analyzed using visual molecular dynamics.Results: The structural activity relationship of the synthesized imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives was studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the synthesized compounds N-benzyl-4-((2-(6-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl) acetamido)methyl) benzamide (9a) are possessing high activity against Bacillus subtilis. The zone of inhibition produced by the compound 9a is wider than that of remaining compounds used in this study.Conclusion: The synthesized compounds exhibited good antibacterial activity in comparison with standard drug streptomycin. This suggests that the compound 9a and its analogs are exerting their activity by probably inhibiting bacterial beta subunit of DNA gyrase

Smart Crawler a Three Phase Crawler for Mining Deep Web Databases

The Web has been immediately "extended" by crowd searchable databases on the web, where information is holed up behind inquiry interfaces. The Deep Web, i.e., content holed up behind HTML forms, has for some time been perceived as a critical hole in internet searcher scope. Since it addresses a broad fragment of the organized information on the Web, getting to Deep-Web content has been a longstanding test for the database group. The fast advancement of the World-Wide Web postures remarkable scaling challenges for all around valuable crawlers and web search tools. This paper study on various techniques for profound web interfaces furthermore concentrates on crawlers. As profound web creates at a snappy pace, there has been extended eagerness for methods that help capably with find profound web interfaces. On the other hand, in light of the significant volume of web resources and the dynamic method for profound web, finishing wide degree and high adequacy is a testing issue. To beat this issue proposes a two-arrange structure, in particular Smart Crawler, for effective gathering profound web interfaces. Likewise proposes a framework which actualizes new classifier Na?ve Bayes rather than SVM for searchable form classifier (SFC) and a domain-specific form classifier (DSFC). Proposed framework is contributing new module in light of client login for chose enrolled clients who can surf the specific domain as indicated by given contribution by the client. This is module is likewise utilized for separating the outcomes

Should Sputum Smear Examination Be Carried Out at the End of the Intensive Phase and End of Treatment in Sputum Smear Negative Pulmonary TB Patients?

The Indian guidelines on following up sputum smear-negative Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients differ from the current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in that the former recommends two follow up sputum examinations (once at the end of intensive phase and the other at the end of treatment) while the latter recommends only one follow up sputum smear microscopy examination, which is done at the end of the intensive phase. This study was conducted to examine if there was any added value in performing an additional sputum smear examination at the end of treatment within the context of a national TB program

An Observation about Variations of the Diffie-Hellman Assumption

We generalize the Strong Boneh-Boyen (SBB) signature scheme to sign vectors; we call this scheme GSBB. We show that if a particular (but most natural) average case reduction from SBB to GSBB exists, then the Strong Diffie-Hellman (SDH) and the Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) have the same worst-case complexity

Fluoride releasing restorative materials: a review

Fluoride compounds are incorporated as anticariogenic agents in numerous restorative materials. Incorporation of fluoride into restorative materials impart anticariogenic character by various mechanisms including reduction of demineralisation, enhancement of remineralisation, interference of pellicle and plaque and inhibition of microbial growth and metabolism. In addition, the application of the topical fluoride in the form of toothpaste and varnish is also considered as the most effective method of caries prevention. The fluoride combines with HA of the tooth and forms an acid-resistant fluorapatite (FAP) crystals. Also, fluoride enters into the cells of the bacteria and inhibits carbohydrate metabolism, which eventually kills the bacteria. The objective of this review was to emphasise the fluoride-releasing restorative materials available in dentistry

Recent Advances in Dental Composites: An Overview

Composite resins are widely used aesthetic materials in restorative dentistry. These materials were introduced to overcome the inherent shortcomings of amalgam restorative materials. Dental amalgams are unesthetic and toxic. Earlier composites lack in mechanical properties to withstand the masticatory forces. Various filler particles have been added to composite resins to improve their physical and mechanical properties.  Filled composite resins exhibit high compressive strength, abrasion resistance, ease of application and high translucency. Depending on the filler size and shapes, various composites have been developed until now. This article is a review of numerous types of composites that are technologically advanced to modify their properties

Pursuing Authenticity From Process to Outcome in a Community-Based Participatory Research Study of Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Vulnerability in North Karnataka, India.

Community-based participatory research has been seen to hold great promise by researchers aiming to bridge research and action in global health programs and practice. However, there is still much debate around whether achieving authenticity in terms of in-depth collaboration between community and academic partners is possible while pursuing academic expectations for quality. This article describes the community-based methodology for a qualitative study to explore intimate partner violence and HIV/AIDS among women in sex work, or female sex workers, and their male partners in Karnataka, South India. Developed through collaborative processes, the study methodology followed an interpretive approach to qualitative inquiry, with three key components including long-term partnerships, knowledge exchange, and orientation toward action. We then discuss lessons learned on how to pursue authenticity in terms of truly collaborative processes with inherent value that also contribute to, rather than hinder, the instrumental goal of enhancing the quality and relevance of the research outcomes

Morphometry and meristic counts of Bombay duck, Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) along Sunderban region of West Bengal, India

Fisheries sector have been gaining importance globally due to their role in national economy, foreign exchange earnings and employment generation besides providing nutritious food and cheap protein not only to the fisher folk but also to the rapidly growing population. Bombay duck fishery supported by single species, Harpodon nehereus, contributes about 4-5 % of the estimated average annual marine landings of India. With a peculiar discontinuous distribution fishery is utmost importance in two maritime states of India i.e. Gujarat and Maharashtra contributing 92% of the total landings and the remaining 8% landings were from West Bengal and Orissa coasts. H. nehereus forms a commercial fishery along Hooghly estuarine systems. The present study aims on the morphometric and meristic counts of H. nehereus. During the period of investigation, 373 fish samples with length range (145 to 302 mm) and weight range (28 to 212 gm) were examined. Highest significant correlation (P<0.01) was observed between reference length and other morphometric parameters of both sexes. Percentage range difference in male's morphometric characters like post orbital length (15.24) and snout length (15.04) are environmentally controlled and others like standard length (11.09), pre-dorsal length (12.18), height of pelvic fin (13.39) and height of pectoral fin (12.10) are intermediate controlled (genetic and environmental factors). But in case of females, none of the characters are controlled by environmental factors and parameters like pre-dorsal length (10.37) and post orbital length (12.37) are intermediate controlled, remaining parameters in both sexes are genetically controlled (hereditary). Meristic counts includes dorsal fin with 10-13 soft rays, pelvic fin with 9 soft rays, pectoral fin with 10-12 soft rays and anal fin with 13-15 soft rays

Behaviour change interventions to reduce second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home in pregnant women - A systematic review and intervention appraisal

Abstract Background Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is associated with poor pregnancy and foetal outcomes. Theory-based behaviour change interventions (BCI) have been used successfully to change smoking related behaviours and offer the potential to reduce exposure of SHS in pregnant women. Systematic reviews conducted so far do not evaluate the generalisability and scalability of interventions. The objectives of this review were to (1) report the BCIs for reduction in home exposure to SHS for pregnant women; and (2) critically appraise intervention-reporting, generalisability, feasibility and scalability of the BCIs employed. Methods Standard methods following PRISMA guidelines were employed. Eight databases were searched from 2000 to 2015 in English. The studies included used BCIs on pregnant women to reduce their home SHS exposure by targeting husbands/partners. The Workgroup for Intervention Development and Evaluation Research (WIDER) guidelines were used to assess intervention reporting. Generalisability, feasibility and scalability were assessed against criteria described by Bonell and Milat. Results Of 3479 papers identified, six studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies found that BCIs led to increased knowledge about SHS harms, reduction or husbands quitting smoking, and increased susceptibility and change in level of actions to reduce SHS at home. Two studies reported objective exposure measures, and one reported objective health outcomes. The studies partially followed WIDER guidelines for reporting, and none met all generalisability, feasibility and scalability criteria. Conclusions There is a dearth of literature in this area and the quality of studies reviewed was moderate to low. The BCIs appear effective in reducing SHS, however, weak study methodology (self-reported exposure, lack of objective outcome assessment, short follow-up, absence of control group) preclude firm conclusion. Some components of the WIDER checklist were followed for BCI reporting, scalability and feasibility of the studies were not described. More rigorous studies using biochemical and clinical measures for exposures and health outcomes in varied study settings are required. Studies should report interventions in detail using WIDER checklist and assess them for generalisability, feasibility and scalability. Trial registration CRD40125026666

Probing high temperature ferromagnetism and its paramagnetic phase change due to Eu3+ incorporation in ZnO nanophosphors

Ferromagnetic oxide semiconductors exhibiting efficient luminescent properties together with robust ferromagnetism above room temperature form an exclusive class of spintronic materials endowed with both charge and spin degrees of freedom. Herein, we report on the occurrence of high temperature ferromagnetism (>600 K) in zinc oxide nanophosphors attributed to the presence of defects in the host lattice and wherein incorporation of rare earth ions contributed to a gradual reduction in the ferromagnetic character and steady transformation to paramagnetic behavior. Although undoped ZnO nanophosphors exhibit a high coercive field and saturation magnetization along with a prominent green emission (536 nm) attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies V-o, Eu3+ doping results in a decrease in green emission along with coercivity as well as magnetization efficient line emission in the orange red region (618-622 nm) pointing to a definite correlation between the V-o and ferromagnetism. The temperature dependence of the magnetization shows stable ferromagnetism with Curie temperature above 600 K for undoped ZnO and a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition with an increase in Eu3+ concentration that has been explained through an F+ center exchange mechanism