MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES 2 AND 9 IN AVOCATION OF MULTITUDINAL COMPLICATIONS IN EXPLICITLY TO CARCINOMA: REVIEW

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large group of calcium-dependent zinc containing endopeptidases which are mainly concerned with the remodeling of tissue along with degradation of the extracellular matrix. At the present scenario, there is knowledge of about 26 MMPs which are found to be highly regulated by the growth hormones, cytokines, etc., present within the body. At times of normal homeostasis, their levels within the body are low, and their number usually increases at times of pathological conditions. Its generation is known to occur from the pro-inflammatory cells and connective tissues. They may even lead to the process of apoptosis by its interactions with surface receptors. In the clinical trials sectors, various MMPs along with their inhibitors are examined to import the properties of being a high biomarker in the cancer diagnosis, antiangiogenic agents, various other disorders such as chronic allograft nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, neuropathic pain, wound healing, angiogenesis processes, immune response, corneal ulceration, embryonic development, and nervous system disorders. As a result, enormous number of studies on this particular enzyme in the marking of cancer and their elevation in the above-mentioned diseases has to be carried out so that it would remain as a useful tool in their diagnosis. The present work is designed to emphasize the concise review of MMPs, in particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9 along with their variant roles, keeping in mind, that it would be advantageous for the researchers to bring out more promising results and to intensify diagnosis of various infirmities, especially in cancer.Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase-2, Matrix metalloproteinase-9, Biomarker, Matrix metalloproteinases, Carcinoma, Extracellular matrix, Malignancy, Gelatinases, Tumor

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

A classic case of subcutaneous cysticercosis : a rare case with sonological findings and review of literature

BACKGROUND: Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The subcutaneous form of the disease is a relatively rare clinical entity. Despite its rarity, it is imperative for a radiologist to be aware of this subcutaneous form of the disease and its various radiological patterns while evaluating any subcutaneous swelling. In this paper, we aimed to describe a typical case of ‘subcutaneous cysticercosis involving the left anterior chest wall’ with high resolution ultrasound findings. We also discussed the role of other imaging modalities in a case of subcutaneous cysticercosis. To the best of our knowledge, our case is only the second documented case report of sonological evaluation of subcutaneous cysticercosis involving the left anterior chest wall and the first case with high resolution ultrasound images of the lesion. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old male presented with a painless, subcutaneous swelling over the left anterior chest wall for the last 2 months. High resolution ultrasound showed a well-defined, thin-walled, cystic lesion with an eccentric, echogenic focus in the subcutaneous plane. On change of the posture of the patient, this focus showed mobility. The hypoechoic area surrounding this cyst showed significant exudative fluid collection with diffuse, floating echoes and thin, incomplete internal septations. The adjacent soft tissues were thickened and irregular, suggestive of edema. This was followed by an excision biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed cysticercus cellulose parasite with an extensive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in the surrounding tissue. The patient was also administered oral antihelminthic therapy. Repeat ultrasound examination at the end of this management regimen showed complete healing with no e/o any remnant or recurrent cystic lesion, abscess or edema in the subcutaneous plane. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous cysticercosis is a relatively rare form of cysticercosis but should always be born in mind during the evaluation of subcutaneous swellings. High resolution ultrasound is a valuable, safe, nonionizing, cost-effective, widely-available, and easily-reproducible imaging tool for diagnosis of subcutaneous cysticercosis. There is a wide spectrum of ultrasound patterns of subcutaneous cysticercosis. In classic cases with a cyst containing a scolex within and with a surrounding abscess, high resolution ultrasound should always be the primary mode of diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary fine needle aspiration cytologies

SPECIATION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF CANDIDA ISOLATED FROM URINE

Candiduria is uncommon and appears more often in females and catheterized males. C.albicans& C.tropicals were the species most frequently identified. Our results provide contemporary insight into the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species causing candiduri

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by PCR among hemodialysis patients attending a tertiary care centre, Mysuru, South India

The infection rate of Hepatitis C virus in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients is comparitively higher than the normal population. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis are the major complications that have been frequently reported among the patients with HCV infection who were on hemodialysis. Hence, continuous monitoring of HCV infection in hemodialysis settings at health care centres may aim towards the assessment and prevention of device induced infection. Hence this current study was aimed to detect the HCV RNA using PCR among hemodialysis patients attending JSS, a tertiary care centre situated in Mysuru, South India

Bacteriological Profile of Endotracheal Aspirates and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

Early onset Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is usually less severe, associated with a better prognosis, and is more likely caused by antibiotic- sensitive bacteria. Late-onset VAP, is usually caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the local microbial flora causing VAP needs to be studied and appropriate therapy based on the early endotracheal (ET) aspirate culture report can help managing this group of patients. The present study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, JSS Hospital, Mysore from January 2017 to December 2017. Bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates from ET aspirates of patients on mechanical ventilation in Intensive care units were source of data. A total number of 1432 samples were received in the lab for ET aspirate culture. Among these 1432 samples, 1055 showed growth ranging from 10 2 to 106 colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml), 124 had no growth at all and 253 had no significant growth (<102 CFU/ml) Out of 1055 isolates,1023 were Gram negative bacteria and 32 were Gram positive cocci . Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were the major pathogens in our study. Majority of them being MDR, maximum sensitivity was observed for Tigecycline and colistin in these isolates. Knowledge of causative microbial flora of VAP along with information on the susceptibility patterns will help in selection of the appropriate antibiotic for therapeutic use for better outcome

Physicochemical characterization and mass modelling of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx and seeds

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx and seeds are underutilized, whose utilisation can be widened with the design and development of proper post-harvest systems. For this purpose, a detailed study on its engineering properties is necessary. Hence, the main goals of this study were to investigate the physical, biochemical, thermal, and textural properties of Roselle and to select the most precise models for calculating the mass from its physical properties. Roselle calyx has an average weight of 3.106 g, actual density of 1.04 g/cm3 and bulk density of 0.89 g/cm3. Similarly, Roselle seeds has an average weight of 1.427 g, actual density of 1.37 g/cm3 and bulk density of 0.65 g/cm3. Moreover both the calyx and seeds were found to be rich in protein, phenols and minerals. Finally, the FTIR analysis identified the presence of esters, ethers and carboxylic acids in Calyx and alkyne, alkane, hydroxyl and amide groups in the seeds. In addition, the mass was conducted using four different empirical models, and the power model was found to be the most suitable. The present research will considerably broaden our understanding and be instrumental in creating post-harvest machinery that will increase its value and enable its commercial production