Poverty Assessment in Urban Area of Jodhpur District in Western Arid Region of Rajasthan

An attempt has been made to assess the poverty status in rural area of Jodhpur district of western Rajasthan. Two villages were randomly selected fall in the radius of 20 km from the Jodhpur city whereas another two villages were selected 60 km far from Jodhpur city with poor infrastructure facility and poor non-farm employment. 30 respondents were randomly selected from each selected village.A total of 120 respondents were selected from four village for the study. Simple tabulation method was used. For determining the poverty status, income method was used. From the study, it is revealed that agriculture, livestock, non-farm-labor activities are the main factor for poverty assessment. Size of land holding is a crucial factor. Marginal and small land holding couple with low income, are the main reason for poverty. The percentage of earners in the family size groups and percentage of dependents is inversely proportionate

HUBUNGAN ANTARA IMPLEMENTASI PERPADUAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN MODERN DAN TRADISIONAL DENGAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SANTRI (Studi Kasus di Pesantren Sabilunnajat KecamatanRancahKabupaten Ciamis)

Aip Syarifudin NIM 505810002: Hubungan Implementasi Pola Pendidikan Pesantren Tradisional dan Modern dengan Motivasi Belajar dan Prestasi Belajar Santri di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang penulis lakukan di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis telah menerapkan perpaduan pola pendidikan pesantren tradisional dan modern. Implementasi ini dilakukan dengan memasukan kurikulum pendidikan umum yang dikolaborasikan dengan pendidikan agama. Implementasi perpaduan ini juga dilakukan dengan mendirikan lembaga pendidikan formal mulai dari tingkat RA sampai SMK. Dalam praktiknya, pola ini masih harus diuji dan dibuktikan pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan motivasi dan prestasi belajar santri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1). Menjelaskan implementasi perpaduan pola pendidikan pesantren tradisional dan pesantren; 2). Menjelaskan motivasi dan prestasi Belajar Santri di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis; dan 3). Mengetahui seberapa besar hubungan Implementasi Pola Pendidikan Pesantren Tradisional dan Modern dengan Motivasi Belajar dan Prestasi Belajar Santri di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis. Dasar pemikiran penelitian ini adalah isu pembaharuan pendidikan di pesantren yang selama ini di kenal dengan pesantren tradisional (salafy) sudah mulai marak. Pembaharuan ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan semakin pesatnya zaman menuntut lembaga pendidikan untuk merespons dengan penerapan kurikulum berbasis pasar. Hal ini mendorong beberapa pesantren tradisional untuk melakukan inovasi dengan mengkombinasikan pendidikan tradisional khas pesantren dan modern yang banyak mengadopsi dari pendidikan formal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, angket dan studi dokumentasi. Metode survey adalah penelitian yang dilakukan pada populasi besar maupun kecil, tetapi data yang dipelajari adalah data dari sampel yang diambil dari populasi tersebut. Metode survey biasanya digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan-hubungan korelasional antara satu variabel dengan variabel lainnya (corelational relationship), disamping untuk menguji hipotesis dan signifikansinya Hasil Penelitian ini yaitu; [1] implementasi perpaduan pola pendidikan pesantren tradisional dan modern di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis berdasarkan hasil angket termasuk dalam Kriteria baik. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari pola pendidikan yang ada terbukti telah berjaalan dengan baik. [2] Motivasi belajar belajar santri di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis berdasarkan angket termasuk dalam kriteria baik. Dimana 80% santri memiliki nilai rata-rata 90. [3] Hubungan Motivasi Belajar santri dan Prestasi Belajar Santri dengan pola pendidikan di Pesantren Sabilunnajat Rancah Kabupaten Ciamis terdapat korelasi yang signifikan (0,517) dengan kisaran hubungan korelasional sebesar 26%. Hasil pengujian hipotesis antar variabel Motivasi Belajar dan Prestasi Belajar Santri berhubungan positif dan signifikan

Superconductivity in Ru substituted BaFe2-xRuxAs2

The occurrence of bulk superconductivity at ~22 K is reported in polycrystalline samples of BaFe2-xRuxAs2 for nominal Ru content in the range of x=0.75 to 1.125. A systematic suppression of the spin density wave transition temperature (TSDW) precedes the appearance of superconductivity in the system. A phase diagram is proposed based on the measured TSDW and superconducting transition temperature (TC) variations as a function of Ru composition. Band structure calculations, indicate introduction of electron carriers in the system upon Ru substitutiom. The calculated magnetic moment on Fe shows a minimum at x=1.0, suggesting that the suppression of the magnetic moment is associated with the emergence of superconductivity. Results of low temperature and high field Mossbauer measurements are presented. These indicate weakening of magnetic interaction with Ru substitutionComment: 20 pages 10 figure

Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis-based proteomics of male gametes in relation to oxidative stress

Objective: To identify the relative abundance of proteins in pooled reactive oxygen species (ROS)-positive (ROSþ) and ROS-negative (ROSÀ) semen samples with the use of two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Design: Spermatozoa suspensions from ROSþ and ROSÀ groups by 2D-DIGE analysis. Setting: Tertiary hospital. Patient(s): 20 donors and 32 infertile men. Intervention(s): Seminal ejaculates evaluated for semen and proteomic analysis. Main Outcome Measure(s): Semen samples from 20 donors and 32 infertile men were pooled, divided into ROSþ and ROSÀ groups based on the cutoff value of <20 relative light units/s/10 6 sperm and frozen. From each pooled group, spermatozoa were labeled with Cy3/Cy5 fluorescent dye. Duplicate 2D-DIGE gels were run. Image analysis was performed with the use of Decider software. Protein spots exhibiting R1.5-fold difference in intensity were excised from the preparatory gel and identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. Data were analyzed with the use of Sequest and Blast programs. Result(s): A total of 1,343 protein spots in gel 1 (ROSÀ) and 1,265 spots in gel 2 (ROSþ) were detected. The majority of protein spots had similar expression, with 31 spots were differentially expressed. Six spots were significantly decreased and 25 increased in the ROSÀ sample compared with the ROSþ sample. Conclusion(s): Significantly different expression of protective proteins against oxidative stress was found in ROSÀcompared with ROSþ samples. These differences may explain the role of oxidation species in the pathology of male infertility. (Fertil Steril Ò 2013;99:1216-26. Ó2013 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

Superconductivity in SmFe1-xMxAsO (M = Co, Rh, Ir)

In this paper we report the comparative study of superconductivity by 3d (Co), 4d (Rh), 5d (Ir) element doping in SmFeAsO. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the material has formed the ZrCuSiAs-type structure with a space group P4/nmm. It is found that the antiferromagnetic spin-density-wave (SDW) order in the parent compounds is rapidly suppressed by Co, Rh, and Ir doping, and superconductivity emerges. Both electrical resistance and magnetization measurements show superconductivity up to around 10 K in SmFe1-xMxAsO (M = Co, Rh, Ir). Co, Rh and Ir locate in the same column in the periodic table of elements but have different electronic band structure, so comparative study would add more ingredients to the underlying physics of the iron-based superconductors.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Passive range of motion in patients with adhesive shoulder capsulitis, an intertester reliability study over eight weeks

Background Measuring range of motion (ROM) in the shoulder joint is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of change over time. To what degree passive ROM can be trusted as a reliable outcome measure was examined as part of an on-going randomized controlled trial for patients with shoulder capsulitis. The aim of this study was to examine intertester reliability of passive ROM in the shoulder joint over a period of eight weeks in patients with adhesive capsulitis stage II. Methods Fifty patients with a clinical diagnosis of adhesive shoulder capsulitis were examined by two independent testers. A predefined protocol was used for measuring passive range of motion with an inclinometer, a plurimeter, in both affected and non-affected shoulders three times; at the start of the study and after 4 and 8 weeks. Results Very good to excellent intertester agreements were found for most parameters for the affected arm at all three test points. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1) values ranged from 0.76 to 0.98, i.e. from very reliable to excellent. The measurement error was in general small for the affected arm (5°–7°). ICCs were slightly lower for the non-affected arm at 8 weeks, but with acceptable measurement errors. Conclusions Intertester reliability between two testers was very good at three visits over a time period of eight weeks using a plurimeter to measure passive range of motion in patients with adhesive shoulder capsulitis. This method can reliably determine passive range of motion in this patient population and be a reliable outcome measure

Outcome measures and treatment of shoulder capsulitis (frozen shoulder) by corticosteroid injections

Background: Shoulder adhesive capsulitis, also called frozen shoulder, is a painful chronic condition causing reduced movement at the gleno-humeral joint in several planes affecting shoulder function. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis can be a challenge in both diagnosis and management. As range of motion is an important criterion in follow-up of these patients, high intertester reliability for measurement of range of motion is essential in an environment where a fellow colleague may follow the patient further. There is a need for an evidence-based easy and pragmatic treatment approach for this condition in general practice. Intraarticular corticosteroid injections by posterior approach using landmarks is an important treatment modality for this condition in primary care that needs to be explored further. Awareness of that comorbidity may affect outcome in musculoskeletal conditions is important to keep in mind. Objectives: To examine intertester reliability of measuring passive range of motion (PROM) bilaterally using plurimeter in patients with adhesive shoulder capsulitis over an 8-weeks period and examine whether the measurement error remained the same. Investigate the effect, if any, of multiple corticosteroid injections with distension as compared to corticosteroid injections alone and to treatment-as-usual. Determine whether treatment outcome can be predicted by subjective health complaints and neuroticism in patients with frozen shoulder as measured by Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and change in SPADI. Design/method: The first study is a prospective intertester reliability study for measurement of PROM in the shoulder of 50 patients with frozen shoulder. Two testers measured PROM with a plurimeter several times during an 8-week period. The second study is a randomised controlled single blinded three-armed trial comparing effect of two different interventions with treatment-as-usual in 106 patients. Treatment-as-usual in this scenario means any other conservative treatment like non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs, painkillers, physiotherapy and acupuncture but no steroids to be used orally or as injection. The intervention consisted of four intraarticular steroid injections with or without distension. SPADI was the primary outcome measure, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) secondary, and PROM, the tertiary outcome measure. The third study is observational where we investigated whether comorbid factors measured with the questionnaires Subjective Health Complaints (SHC) and Neuroticism can predict outcome of the given treatment in 105 patients. We collected data from patients answering the questionnaires at baseline and at the end of 8-week clinical follow up. Results: Study I: Intertester agreements varied from very good to excellent for PROM for all three time-points for the affected arm. Very reliable to excellent values were achieved for intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1). The measurement error remained the same throughout. Study II: At short-term (4 and 8 weeks) statistically significant differences (p0.05). A large effect size (ES) was observed between both injection groups and treatment-as-usual (ES 1.2) at short term. The effect size between the injection groups and treatment-as-usual was reduced to low (ES 0.3 and 0.4) at 12 months. The difference between the two injection groups at short-term (4-and 8 weeks) or long-term (12 months) was not statistically significant. All participants recovered. Study III: Little comorbidity was observed in the 105 patients included in the study, as measured with the questionnaire Subjective Health Complaints (SHC). Significant predictive power (p<0.001) was exhibited by the Pseudoneurology subscale in SHC for outcome at 8 weeks. All included patients scored within normal range on Neuroticism. Conclusion: Study I: Intertester reliability between the two testers over a time-period of 8 weeks measuring PROM in patients with adhesive shoulder capsulitis with a plurimeter was very good. This method can reliably determine passive range of motion in this patient population and be a reliable outcome measure. Study II: This randomised controlled trial indicated that four serial injections with corticosteroid with or without distension during 8 weeks were better than treatmentas- usual in treatment of patients with adhesive shoulder capsulitis. However, no difference was found between any of the groups at 12 months, indicating that natural healing takes place independent of treatment. Study III: Comorbidity as measured by the Pseudoneurology subscale in the SHC questionnaire did predict the treatment outcome in frozen shoulder as measured by SPADI at 8 weeks, whereas when measured by change in SPADI from baseline to 8 weeks, it did not. Comorbidity may affect symptoms but do not predict the rate of recovery