アタラシイ エイゾウ キョウザイ ノ カイハツ オ メザシテ : ガクシュウシャ ノ センモン ニ ハイリョ シタ ジュギョウ ノ ココロミ

医学・歯学・薬学系の学部および大学院に所属している日本語学習者を対象にしたクラスで，留学生が専門分野の日本語によりアクセスしやすくなる効果を期待して，医・科学系の映像素材を使った教材を作成し，授業実践を試みた。実施後の調査では，映像を使用した授業に対する興味・関心は高かったものの，内容は必ずしも医・科学系の映像でなくてもよいという反応も見られた。教師の振り返りでは，教材の選定と作成とに多くの手間と時間がかかることがわかった。今後はこの結果を踏まえ，より学生のニーズに合った，日本語の運用能力を伸ばす教材の開発が必要であろう

mtDNA and Hemodynamics in Mood Disorders

Background: Given a lack of markers, diagnoses of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) rely on clinical assessment of symptoms. However, the depressive mood states of BD and depressive symptoms of MDD are often difficult to distinguish, which leads to misdiagnoses, which in turn leads to inadequate treatment. Previous studies have shown that the hemodynamic responses of the left frontopolar cortex measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) differ between BD and MDD; these hemodynamic responses are associated with altered mitochondrial metabolism; and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), an index of mitochondrial dysfunction, tends to decrease in BD and increase in MDD patients. In this study, we confirmed that mtDNAcn trends in opposite directions in BD and MDD. We then determined whether mtDNAcn could enhance the utility of NIRS as a diagnostic marker to distinguish between BD and MDD. Methods: We determined mtDNAcn in peripheral blood samples from 58 healthy controls, 79 patients with BD, and 44 patients with MDD. Regional hemodynamic responses during a verbal fluency task (VFT) in 24 BD patients and 44 MDD patients, matched by age and depression severity, were monitored using NIRS. Results: Measurements of mtDNAcn were lower in BD patients and higher in MDD patients than in controls. The left frontopolar region exhibited the most significant differences in mean VFT-related oxy-Hb changes between the BD and MDD groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with variables including age, sex, hemodynamic response of the left frontopolar region, and mtDNAcn showed high accuracy for distinguishing BD from MDD (area under the curve = 0.917; 95% confidence interval = 0.849–0.985). For the BD group, we observed a positive correlation between hemodynamic responses in the left frontopolar region and mtDNAcn, while for the MDD group, we observed a negative correlation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the association between hemodynamic response and mitochondrial dysfunction in BD or MDD plays an important role in differentiating the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD from those of MDD

80歳以上の高齢者膵癌に対する膵切除の意義

Background: There is increasing need to evaluate the surgical indication of pancreatic cancer in very elderly patients. However, the available clinical data are limited, and the optimal treatment is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of pancreatic resection in pancreatic cancer patients over the age of 80. Methods: Between 2005 and 2012, 26 octogenarian patients who received pancreatic resection and 20 who received chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological factors, chemotherapy administration status, and survival were compared. Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for survival was performed. Results: Postoperative major complication rate was 8%, with no mortality. The one-year survival rate and median survival time of the surgery and chemotherapy groups were 50% and 45%, and 12.4 months and 11.7 months, respectively (P = 0.263). Of the 26 resected cases, 6 completed the planned adjuvant chemotherapy treatment course. The median survival time of those 6 completed cases was significantly longer than that of the 20 not completed cases (23.4 versus 10.0 months, P = 0.034). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of the 26 resected cases showed that distant metastasis (HR 3.206, 95%CI 1.005-10.22, P = 0.049) and completion of the planned adjuvant therapy (HR 4.078, 95%CI 1.162-14.30, P = 0.028) were independent prognostic factors of surgical resection. Conclusions: Surgical resection was safe, but not superior to chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer in octogenarians. In the very elderly, only selected patients may benefit from pancreatic resection.博士（医学）・乙第1513号・令和3年12月21日Copyright © 2015 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India, Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved

Ephexin4 and EphA2 mediate cell migration through a RhoG-dependent mechanism

Ephexin4 is a RhoG-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that interacts with the EphA2 receptor in breast cancer cells