338 research outputs found
Detection of nonmagnetic metal thin film using magnetic force microscopy
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) allows detection of stray magnetic fields
around magnetic materials and the two-dimensional visualization of these
fields. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the oscillations of an
MFM tip above a thin film of nonmagnetic metal. The results show good agreement
with experimental data obtained by varying the tip height. The phenomenon
analyzed here can be applied as a "metal detector" at the nanometer scale and
for contactless measurement of sheet resistivity. The detection sensitivity is
obtained as a function of oscillation frequency, thus allowing determination of
the best frequency for phase-shift measurement. The shift in resonance
frequency due to the presence of a nonmagnetic metal is also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Spiral ganglion cell degeneration‐induced deafness as a consequence of reduced GATA factor activity
Zinc‐finger transcription factors GATA2 and GATA3 are both expressed in the developing inner ear, although their overlapping versus distinct activities in adult definitive inner ear are not well understood. We show here that GATA2 and GATA3 are co‐expressed in cochlear spiral ganglion cells and redundantly function in the maintenance of spiral ganglion cells and auditory neural circuitry. Notably, Gata2 and Gata3 compound heterozygous mutant mice had a diminished number of spiral ganglion cells due to enhanced apoptosis, which resulted in progressive hearing loss. The decrease in spiral ganglion cellularity was associated with lowered expression of neurotrophin receptor TrkC that is an essential factor for spiral ganglion cell survival. We further show that Gata2 null mutants that additionally bear a Gata2 YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) that counteracts the lethal hematopoietic deficiency due to complete Gata2 loss nonetheless failed to complement the deficiency in neonatal spiral ganglion neurons. Furthermore, cochlea‐specific Gata2 deletion mice also had fewer spiral ganglion cells and resultant hearing impairment. These results show that GATA2 and GATA3 redundantly function to maintain spiral ganglion cells and hearing. We propose possible mechanisms underlying hearing loss in human GATA2‐ or GATA3‐related genetic disorders.Our results demonstrate that GATA2 and GATA3 redundantly function to maintain inner ear spiral ganglion cells and hearing. We propose possible mechanisms underlying hearing loss in human GATA2‐ or GATA3‐related genetic disorders.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151287/1/gtc12705.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151287/2/gtc12705_am.pd
マリアナ弧北端部の熱水活動域(日光海山)より単離した新規Epsilon-Proteobacteriaの諸性質
BE09-P99ポスター要旨 / ブルーアース2009(2009年3月12日~13日, 立教大学池袋キャンパス)http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt05-18/
Serial Assessment of Immune Status by Circulating CD8+ Effector T Cell Frequencies for Posttransplant Infectious Complications
To clarify the role of CD8+ effector T cells for infectious complications, 92 recipients were classified according to the hierarchical clustering of preoperative CD8+CD45 isoforms: Group I was naive, Group II was effector memory, and Group III was effector (E) T cell-dominant. The posttransplant infection rates progressively increased from 29% in Group I to 64.3% in Group III recipients. The posttransplant immune status was compared with the pretransplant status, based on the measure (% difference) and its graphical form (scatter plot). In Groups I and II, both approaches showed a strong upward deviation from pretransplant status upon posttransplant infection, indicating an enhanced clearance of pathogens. In Group III, in contrast, both approaches showed a clear downward deviation from preoperative status, indicating deficient cytotoxicity. The % E difference and scatter plot can be used as a useful indicator of a posttransplant infectious complication
Her yol Roma'ya varmaz!
Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: Taha Torosİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033
Using spin to understand the formation of LIGO's black holes
With the detection of four candidate binary black hole (BBH) mergers by the
Advanced LIGO detectors thus far, it is becoming possible to constrain the
properties of the BBH merger population in order to better understand the
formation of these systems. Black hole (BH) spin orientations are one of the
cleanest discriminators of formation history, with BHs in dynamically formed
binaries in dense stellar environments expected to have spins distributed
isotropically, in contrast to isolated populations where stellar evolution is
expected to induce BH spins preferentially aligned with the orbital angular
momentum. In this work we propose a simple, model-agnostic approach to
characterizing the spin properties of LIGO's BBH population. Using measurements
of the effective spin of the binaries, which is LIGO's best constrained spin
parameter, we introduce a simple parameter to quantify the fraction of the
population that is isotropically distributed, regardless of the spin magnitude
distribution of the population. Once the orientation characteristics of the
population have been determined, we show how measurements of effective spin can
be used to directly constrain the underlying BH spin magnitude distribution.
Although we find that the majority of the current effective spin measurements
are too small to be informative, with LIGO's four BBH candidates we find a
slight preference for an underlying population with aligned spins over one with
isotropic spins (with an odds ratio of 1.1). We argue that it will be possible
to distinguish symmetric and anti-symmetric populations at high confidence with
tens of additional detections, although mixed populations may take
significantly more detections to disentangle. We also derive preliminary spin
magnitude distributions for LIGO's black holes, under the assumption of aligned
or isotropic populations
Thermotomaculum hydrothermale gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel heterotrophic thermophile within the phylum Acidobacteria from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney in the Southern Okinawa Trough
http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt08-13/
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