虚血性脳卒中患者における死亡率は低体重よりも貧血が強く関連する

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

Vanhempia ei häiritse nuoren pelaaminen omassa huoneessa. -Nuorten kokemuksia vanhempien pelilukutaidosta : Opinnäytetyö

Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee digitaalisten pelien pelaamista ja siihen liittyvää kotona tapahtuvaa media- ja pelikasvatusta nuorten näkökulmasta. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana on Ehkäisevä päihdetyö EHYT ry:n Pelitaitoprojekti. Opinnäytetyön tulokset menevät Pelitaitoprojektin käyttöön. Opinnäytetyö on tutkimuksellinen ja aineisto kerättiin Apollon Yhteiskoulun yläasteen oppilailta. Oppilaat saivat kirjoittaa vapaamuotoisen esseen, jonka tueksi oli annettu avoimia kysymyksiä, koskien pelaamista ja vanhempien pelilukutaitoa. Oppilaat olivat 13 – 15-vuotiaita ja kirjallisia vastauksia he antoivat yhteensä 31 kappaletta. Opinnäytetyön tutkimus on laadullinen ja aineisto on analysoitu hyödyntäen sisällönanalyy-simenetelmää. Tulokset osoittavat, että vanhemmat olivat jokseenkin tietoisia lastensa pelaamisesta ja osassa perheistä pelaamiseen olikin laadittu pelisäännöt. Hämmentävin havainto, joka nuorten vastauksista ilmeni, oli että moni niistä vanhemmista, jotka itse pelasivat, eivät keskustelleet nuorten kanssa pelaamisen pelisäännöistä juuri ollenkaan. Nuoret kuvailivat kotona vanhempien kanssa pelaamisesta käytävää keskustelua usein negatiivisesti painottuvilla sanoilla ja yleisin puheenaihe olikin liiallinen pelaaminen. Vanhempien kanssa käydyt positiiviset keskustelut koskivat usein nuorten pelaamien digitaalisten pelien sisältöjä. Ehkäpä digitaalisesta pelaamisesta keskusteltaessa kotona, tulisi vanhempien osoittaa ylipäätään kiinnostusta lapsensa kiinnostuksen kohteeseen. Tällöin keskustelu voisi olla rakentavampaa eikä niin negatiivisesti painottunutta nuorten ja lasten mielestä.This thesis is about digital gaming and digital games education in homes by parents from the children’s perspective. The subject to this thesis was commissioned by a project (called Pelitaito in Finnish) which was run by Finnish Association for Substance Abuse Prevention (EHYT ry) and was funded by Finland´s Slot Machine Association (RAY). This study is qualitative by nature and the material was collected from students of Apollo comprehensive school in Helsinki, Finland. The students were aged between 13 – 15 and there were 31 participants. The students wrote essays and they were given open questions to help with the writing. The material was analyzed in content analysis framework. The results showed that parents were aware of their children´s digital gaming to some extent and in some families rules were made for gaming. But disturbingly many of the parents, who played digital games themselves, did not discuss digital gaming with their children. Conversations about digital gaming with parents were usually described with negative words by adolescents. Positive conversations usually were about content of the games the child was playing. Perhaps parents should show some interest in their child´s pastime activity overall. Parents could ask about who the child is gaming with and maybe discuss the themes of the game child is playing more deeply. Conversation should be more open-minded and positive by nature

Relaxation of frustration and gap enhancement by the lattice distortion in the Δ\Delta chain

We clarify an instability of the ground state of the $\Delta$ chain against the lattice distortion that increases a strength $(\lambda)$ of a bond in each triangle. It relaxes the frustration and causes a remarkable gap enhancement; only a $6\%$ increase of $\lambda$ causes the gap doubled from the fully-frustrated case $(\lambda=1)$. The lowest excitation is revealed to be a kink-antikink bound state whose correlation length decreases drastically with $\lambda$ increase. The enhancement follows a power law, $\Delta E_{\rm gap}\sim (\lambda-1) + 1.44 (\lambda -1)^{\frac{2}{3}}$, which can be obtained from the exact result of the continuous model. This model describes a spin gap behavior of the delafossite YCuO$_{2.5}$.Comment: 4 pages, REVTex, 6 figures in eps-files uuencode

Fabrication of submicron La2−x_{2-x}Srx_{x}CuO4_{4} intrinsic Josephson junction stacks

Intrinsic Josephson junction (IJJ) stacks of cuprate superconductors have potential to be implemented as intrinsic phase qubits working at relatively high temperatures. We report success in fabricating submicron La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ (LSCO) IJJ stacks carved out of single crystals. We also show a new fabrication method in which argon ion etching is performed after focused ion beam etching. As a result, we obtained an LSCO IJJ stack in which resistive multi-branches appeared. It may be possible to control the number of stacked IJJs with an accuracy of a single IJJ by developing this method.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Clinical characteristics of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comBackground and objective: Patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) are sometimes seen, and we speculate that these patients have some different clinical characteristics from COPD patients. This study clarifies the clinical characteristics of CPFE patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 47 stable patients with concurrent emphysema and diffuse parenchymal lung disease with fibrosis, based on the findings of chest CT (CPFE patients). The clinical characteristics of CPFE patients were compared with those of emphysema-dominant COPD patients without parenchymal lung disease (COPD patients). Results: Forty-six of the 47 CPFE patients were male. Paraseptal emphysema was particularly common in the CPFE group. Honeycombing, ground-glass opacities and reticular opacities were present in 75.6%, 62.2% and 84.4% of CPFE patients, respectively. Twenty-two of the 47 CPFE patients (46.8%) had lung cancer. Pulmonary function tests showed that the CPFE group had milder airflow limitation and lower diffusing capacity than the COPD group. Desaturation during 6-min walking test in CPFE patients tended to be more severe than in COPD patients, if the level of FEV1 or 6MWD was equal. Conclusions: CPFE patients had some different clinical characteristics in comparison with COPD patients and may also have a high prevalence of lung cancer.ArticleRESPIROLOGY. 15(2):265-271 (2010)journal articl

JSPS-10 The Effect of Consumption of Raw Chicken Meat on Humoral Immunity against Campylobacter jejuni in veterinarians and workers in a chicken processing plant

Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the leading cause of enteric infections in Japan and many other developed countries, and the public health burden of campylobacteriosis is increasing [1]. Although the epidemiological data in Japan is based on passive surveillance, approximately 2,000 to 3,000 cases per each year have been reported as a foodborne infection since 1982. Many risk factors for Campylobacter transmission have been identified. Handling and consumption of poultry meat are often causing of infection [2, 3]. Since Japanese have a food habitant to eat fresh raw "free-range" chicken meat and liver, the risk for infection with campylobacters may be high [4]. However, little is known about the relationship between consumption of raw chicken meat and humoral immunity against C. jejuni in humans. When people had been exposed to campylobacters contaminated in water or foods, it has been reported that their antibodies were rising [5]. This study was conducted by analyzing the antibody level against C. jejuni with questionnaires from 74 veterinarians who worked as a meat inspector and 181 workers from a chicken processing plant

Kazuya NAGASAWA

Abstract Anglerfish Lophius litulon (Jordan) caught commercially in the East China Sea off western Japan were found to be infected with the chondracanthid copepod Acanthochondria spiriger

A closed-loop type algorithm for determination of variable blank holder force trajectory and its application to square cup deep drawing

金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系In deep drawing, a low blank holder force (BHF) can cause wrinkling, while a high BHF can lead to tearing. Thus, it is important to determine the appropriate BHF to be utilized in the forming process. In this study, a variable blank holder force (VBHF) approach to deep drawing is employed, and a simple closed-loop type algorithm is developed to obtain the VBHF trajectory. The proposed algorithm is divided into two phases. The objective of the first phase is to check wrinkling and tearing. In this phase, a low BHF, which is the cause of wrinkling, is used as the initial BHF; it is then increased to prevent wrinkling. The algorithm is terminated when tearing occurs. In a numerical simulation, the distance between the die and the blank holder is used to measure wrinkling. On the other hand, the thickness of the blank is used to determine the tearing. Next, in the second phase, the deviations in thickness are examined. Wrinkles are also checked in the second phase. By iterating the above two phases, the VBHF trajectory can be obtained. One of the advantages of the VBHF is that it reduces the forming energy. The validity of the proposed algorithm is examined through both a numerical simulation and experiment. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited