Alain Demurger, La Persécution des Templiers. Journal (1307–1314), Éditions Payot & Rivages, Paris 2015, 400 pp.

Alain Demurger, La Persécution des Templiers. Journal (1307–1314), Éditions Payot & Rivages, Paris 2015, 400 pp., ISBN: 978-2-228-91407-9

Information flow between the Templar brothers during their trial in France (March‒April 1310)

After the arrest of the Templars in France in October 1307, they were held in various prisons throughout the kingdom for almost three years. They did not have the opportunity to exchange information with each other and, above all, to get instructions from the leaders of the Order. This changed in the beginning of 1310, when more than 650 brothers came to Paris to participate in the inquiry led the papal commission against the Order as a whole. In the beginning of the Paris proceedings, French Templars were offered a chance to defend the Order together. They tried to make use of this opportunity, but in May of 1310, after fifty-four brothers were condemned as relapsed heretics by the Council of Sens and burned at stake, they abandoned it.The paper focuses mainly on the first phase of the Paris proceedings (before the Council of Sens). The information flow between the Templar brothers and its influence on their situation at that time will be analysed. It will address the following questions: Was the possibility to exchange the information enough for the Templars to defend the Order in an effective manner? Could they do this without the involvement of the Grand Master and other dignitaries of the Order? The answers to these questions will then allow to show that, contrary to the opinion of the vast majority of historians working on this topic, the Templars lost their chance to defend the Order long before the tragic events of May 1310.The paper focuses mainly on the first phase of the Paris proceedings (before the Council of Sens). The information flow between the Templar brothers and its influence on their situation at that time will be analyzed. It will allow to answer the following questions: Was the possibility to exchange the information enough for the Templars to defend effectively the Order? Could they do it without the involvement of the grand master and other dignitaries of the Order? The answers to those questions will then allow to show that the Templars lost their chance to defend the Order long before the tragic events of May 1310.After the arrest of the Templars in France in October 1307, they were held in various prisons throughout the kingdom for almost three years. They did not have the opportunity to exchange information with each other and, above all, to get instructions from the leaders of the Order. This changed in the beginning of 1310, when more than 650 brothers came to Paris to participate in the inquiry led the papal commission against the Order as a whole. In the beginning of the Paris proceedings, French Templars were offered a chance to defend the Order together. They tried to make use of this opportunity, but in May of 1310, after fifty-four brothers were condemned as relapsed heretics by the Council of Sens and burned at stake, they abandoned it.The paper focuses mainly on the first phase of the Paris proceedings (before the Council of Sens). The information flow between the Templar brothers and its influence on their situation at that time will be analysed. It will address the following questions: Was the possibility to exchange the information enough for the Templars to defend the Order in an effective manner? Could they do this without the involvement of the Grand Master and other dignitaries of the Order? The answers to these questions will then allow to show that, contrary to the opinion of the vast majority of historians working on this topic, the Templars lost their chance to defend the Order long before the tragic events of May 1310

The Templars and Their Sources. Edited by Karl Borchardt, Karoline Döring, Philippe Josserand, and Helen J. Nicholson

The Templars and Their Sources. Edited by Karl Borchardt, Karoline Döring, Philippe Josserand, and Helen J. Nicholson. Crusades – Subsidia 10. London–New York: Routledge, 2017. 402 pp., 24 Color Illus., 6 B/W Illus. ISBN: 9781-138-20190-3. [review]The Templars and Their Sources. Edited by Karl Borchardt, Karoline Döring, Philippe Josserand, and Helen J. Nicholson. Crusades – Subsidia 10. London–New York: Routledge, 2017. 402 pp., 24 Color Illus., 6 B/W Illus. ISBN: 9781-138-20190-3. [review

The influence of Pichia killer toxins on the wine spoilage yeasts

Killer yeasts are able to produce toxins that antagonize the growth of susceptible yeasts cells of the same species or the ones that are related to them. Killer strains are resistant to their own toxins but can be sensitive to killer proteins of other yeasts. The killer proteins of Pichia spp. are known for its broad spectrum of antifungal activity including pathogens such as Candida albicans. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of the partly purified killer toxins to inhibit the growth of selected yeast strains which can contribute to wine spoilage. Three Pichia killer yeast strains (CBS 1982, CBS 5759, CBS 7373) were used in the study. The killer protein secreted by Pichia anomala CBS 1982 was characterized by the highest antifungal activity. The most pronounced effect of the reduction of cell proliferation by killer toxin preparations was found after 2 and 20 h cultivation. Among the 13 tested strains, all Pichia killer toxin preparations inhibited the growth of Rhodotorula graminis Rg, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Rm and Schizosaccharomyces pombe DSM 70576. Killer toxins produced by Pichia anomala CBS 1982 (K8) and CBS 5759 (K4) limited the growth of Candida pulcherrima K5 and Hanseniaspora guillermondii DSM 3432 after 2, 20 and 168 h of incubation. A significant reduction of Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 3428 biomass was observed in medium with the addition of one toxin preparation (Pichia anomala CBS 1982). The growth limitation of Candida glabrata DSM 6425, Hanseniaspora uvarum DSM 2768, Metchnikowia pulcherrima DSM 70321 and Cryptococcus laurentii DSM 70766 was noticed only after 2 hours cultivation in presence of killer protein preparations. The killer toxins could be used in the food industry as selective tools to control infections during the fermentation of wine and improve the quality of the final product

Catfish stings and the venom apparatus of the african catfish "Clarias gariepinus" (Burchell, 1822), and stinging catfish "Heteropneustes fossilis" (Bloch, 1794)

The ability of catfi sh to infl ict extremely painful wounds with their pectoral and dorsal stings has been well known for many decades. The venom apparatus of the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), and stinging catfi sh Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) is constituted by a single, sharp and stout sting immediately in front of the soft-rayed portion of the pectoral fi ns. The sting has well developed articulations, making it possible for it to become erect and locked. The toxicological centres in Poland have recorded 17 cases of envenomations caused by stinging catfi sh and African catfi sh; the injury was accompanied by intense pain, numbness of the site, dizziness, local oedema and erythema. In addition, systemic symptoms such as tachycardia, weakness and arterial hypotension were observed. The treatment of these injuries should include cleansing of the wound and surrounding area. Immersion of the wounded extremity in hot water (45°C) was used for the pain control. An attempt to remove any spinal sheath or remnant must be undertaken. Antibiotic management depends on several factors: the age and immune status of the victim, the interval between injury and presentation, or the presence of a foreign body. The most serious long-term complications of sting envenomation involve infections

LED light with adjustable spectral radiation for breeding and growing

Tématem mé diplomové práce je návrh systému LED osvětlení pro chovatelské a pěstitelské účely jako náhrady za klasické vysokotlaké sodíkové výbojky a ostatní zdroje světla používané v současnosti. Celý systém osvětlení může být ovládán lokálně pomocí tlačítek nebo vzdáleně přes webové rozhraní za použití ethernetového rozhraní. LED diody jsou napájeny pomocí pěti kanálového step-down měniče s proudovou zpětnou vazbou. Měnič je řízen z mikrokontroléru pomocí pulzně šířkové modulace.The aim of my master’s thesis is the design of the LED lighting system for breeding and growing purposes as replacement for the classical high-pressure sodium lamps and other sources of light used today. The whole system can be controlled locally by buttons or remotely by web server using Ethernet interface. LEDs are powered by five-channel step-down converter with current feedback. Converters are controlled by pulse width modulation generated by microcontroller.

LCD Matrix Display Driver

Tématem mé semestrální práce je realizace řadiče maticového LCD ze starších mobilních telefonů Nokia s čipem PCD8544. Tento řadič je umístěn mezi LCD a zařízením, které ho využívá. Navrhovaný řadič má usnadnit práci s LCD tak, že zbaví hlavní aplikaci problémů jak na display vykreslovat jednotlivé znaky a další grafické elementy. Ušetří tím jak paměť potřebnou pro práci s LCD, tak i výpočetní čas, kterého není nikdy dost.The aim of my semestral project is a realisation of a driver matrix LCD from older NOKIA mobile phones with the PCD8544 chip. This driver is situated between an LCD and a device using it. The proposed driver should cover rendering graphical elements for the main application, thus making work with the LCD easier. This saves memory needed for using the LCD as well as computing time.

Obraz Polski w dziennikach kardynała Alfreda Baudrillarta

Image of Poland in the Diaries of Cardinal Alfred BaudrillartCardinal Alfred Baudrillart (1859–1942), rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris, publicist, and historian, was one of the most influential dignitaries of the Catholic Church in France during the first half of the twentieth century. In 1935 Pius XI (1922–1939) created him Cardinal Priest. The cardinal had numerous acquaintances among politicians, diplomats, journalists, and intellectuals. He was also involved in French political life and upon numerous occasions acted as a diplomat, known for his sympathy for Poland and the Poles. In the course of the First World War Cardinal Baudrillart became actively involved in undertakings pursued for the sake of the renascence of Polish independence and subsequently maintained contacts with Polish politicians, diplomats, and members of the clergy. During the inter–war period he paid a number of visits in Poland and in 1926 was awarded the Great Cross Polonia Restituta.Baudrillart was an author of a copious diary kept uninterruptedly from 1914 to 1941 and commenting on the current political situation both in France and the world, with many mentions of Poland. To this day, however, Polish researchers have not used these records. The presented article discusses the most prominent motifs of the cardinal’s commentaries regarding Poland and the Poles. It also depicts the evolution of Baudrillart’s views concerning Polish issues and his commitment to pro–Polish activity