MP-6 Coccidiosis Intestinal Dysmotility in C57BL/6 Mice

Recently, anecdotal report was arisen that coccidiosis in cattle resulted in delayed intestinal motility. The occurrence of delayed intestinal motility has been never briefly reported. However, some study indicated a delay in intestinal motility. A study in cattle coccidiosis reported a transient increase of nutrients apparent digestibility, especially of crude fiber index, during clinical coccidiosis and that anorexia and intestinal leakage impaired the nitrogen balance, causing weight depression. The observation may have reflected intestinal hypomotility, however, this work did not observe the intestinal motility directly. Another study indicated that Eimeria infection in rabbit could induce intestinal motility disturbance. The disturbance, however, did not indicate as general delay in intestinal transit, because some part of the intestine experienced faster motility and another part indicated slower motility.As one of the cosmopolitan diseases of production animal, the occurrence of intestinal dysmotility by coccidiosis need to be clarified. And a control measure against intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis need to be proposed soon after the clarification of its clinical existence. Therefore, we designed a study with murine Eimeria as model to provide evidence for better approach toward this emerging issue

MP-11 Eimeria pragensis Induce Immune Mediated Intestinal Hypomotility in C57BL/6 Mice

The manifestation of intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis has never been briefly reported before. From murine Eimeria study we concluded that Eimeria pragensis (Ep) is capable to induce intestinal hypomotility described to be similar to pan-enteric ileus.In comparison with the intestinal dysmotility in postoperative ileus which is orchestrated by TH1 immune response [1], a local injury to some part of intestine could trigger pan-enteric ileus. If the TH1 immune response could also be induced in Ep infection, the delay in intestinal motility could be explained as similar mechanism as the post-operative ileus. Since the Ep infestation occurred in the ileocecal part of the intestines, with similar mechanism of post-operative ileus, the pan-enteric ileus could be triggered. In this study, we tried to find a relationship between intestinal dysmotility and TH1 immune response in murine coccidiosis

Tolerance to freezing stress in cyanobacteria, Nostoc commune and some cyanobacteria with various tolerances to drying stress

Tolerance to and effects of the freezing stress in a desiccation-tolerant, terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune, in cultivated strains of N. commune, and in desiccation-sensitive species, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Fischerella muscicola, were studied by measuring their photosynthetic activities and fluorescence emission spectra. The results showed that a strain or species with higher desiccation tolerance was more tolerant to freezing stress than one with lower desiccation tolerance, which is consistent with the idea that tolerance to freezing stress is related to resistance to drying stress. Under freezing conditions, light energy absorbed by photosystem (PS) II complexes was dissipated to heat energy in N. commune, which may protect the cells from photoinactivation. N. commune encountered cellular dehydration due to ice formation outside the cell under freezing conditions. But NMR data showed that relatively high amounts of water still remained in a liquid state inside the cells at -36_C when N. commune colonies were fully wetted before freezing. High PSI activities measured by P700 photooxidation also support the result that non-freezing water remains within the cells. Besides, 5% methanol enhanced the resistance to freezing stress in the sensitive species. This effect seems to be related to maintenance of the PSI activity and pigment-protein complexes in their functional forms by methanol

Case report: Abdominal hernia repair using a surgical wire and an autologous omental graft in a Japanese Black calf.

BACKGROUND Hernia formation is a well-known abdominal wall disorder in calves and most often occurs in the umbilical region. In addition, it occurs in the abdominal wall outside the umbilical region. It has been reported to involve acquired factors, such as external force to the lower or lateral abdominal wall, trauma, muscle weakness, and, although rare, congenital or hereditary factors. Although there have been reports on the repair of abdominal wall hernias caused by abnormal muscle formation, there have been no reports on the treatment of abdominal wall hernias caused by abnormal vertebral and rib formation in cattle or other ruminants. In this study, for the first time, we describe a case of successful closure of a hernia in the left flank caused by malformation of the vertebrae and ribs. The repair was performed by narrowing the ribs using a surgical wire and covering the defect with a free omental graft. CASE PRESENTATION A male Japanese Black calf showed a mild bulge of the left abdominal wall and abnormal morphology of the left ribs immediately after birth. At 3 months of age, computed tomography revealed fusion of the 9th, 10th, and 11th thoracic vertebrae and missing formation of the 10th and 11th left ribs at the thoracic vertebral fusion site. Additionally, a 15.2 × 24.4 cm abdominal hernia had formed in the abdominal wall. During surgery, the ribs forming the hernia were narrowed with a surgical wire, and the hernia was covered with a large autologous free omental graft to prevent intra-abdominal organ prolapse. At the monthly follow-up (11 months after surgery), the calf had developed similarly to other calves of the same age on the farm, and no complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS The current case shows that a combination of rib correction using a surgical wire combined with transplantation of a free autologous greater omentum graft was shown to be a possible treatment option for surgical repair of large abdominal wall hernias caused by rib malformation

Fertility-sparing surgery for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer

Discussion of fertility-sparing treatment is an important part of pretreatment counseling for young patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer. As a result of late childbearing nowadays, fertility preservation has become a major issue in ovarian cancer patients. The purpose of this review is to update current knowledge on fertility-sparing treatment for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer, which may be useful for pretreatment counseling for reproductive-age patients. The multicenter study data on the fertility-sparing treatment published by Japan Clinical Oncology Group in 2010 confirmed that fertility-sparing surgery is a safe treatment for Stage IA patients with non-clear cell histology and Grade 1 or 2 and suggested that Stage IA patients with clear cell histology and Stage IC patients with non-clear cell histology and Grade 1 or 2 can be candidates for fertility-sparing surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. In the current review, we added the recent case series and review, and discussed the fertility-sparing treatment on young patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer. We need not to change the proposal by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study, but we should wait for the results of an ongoing prospective study to strongly recommend the proposal of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study

Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with High Serum Level of alpha-Fetoprotein

A case of an ovarian Sertoli Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) associated with ele-vated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels occurred in a 16-year-old girl. She had no signs of virilization or defeminization at the operation. In the abdominal cavity, a large and well demarcated tumor had replaced the right ovary. After the surgical removal of the tumor, the serum level of AFP decreased to within the normal limits. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed intermediately differentiated SLCT with a retiform component. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the immunoreactivity of AFP in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. The mechanisms of AFP production by SLCT were discussed here along with a review of the literature

Structural mechanism and photoprotective function of water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein

This research was originally published in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Daisuke Horigome, Hiroyuki Satoh, Nobue Itoh, Katsuyoshi Mitsunaga, Isao Oonishi, Atsushi Nakagawa and Akira Uchida. Structural mechanism and photoprotective function of water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2007; 282, 6525-6531. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology