238 research outputs found
Composition of primary cosmic rays at energies 10(15) to approximately 10(16) eV
The sigma epsilon gamma spectrum in 1 approx. 5 x 1000 TV observed at Mt. Fuji suggests that the flux of primary protons 10 to the 15 approx 10th eV is lower by a factor of 2 approx. 3 than a simple extrapolation from lower energies; the integral proton spectrum tends to be steeper than around to the power V and the spectral index tends to be steeper than Epsilon to the -17th power around 10 to the 14th power eV and the spectral index becomes approx. 2.0 around 10 to the 15th power eV. If the total flux of primary particles has no steepening up to approx 10 to the 15th power eV, than the fraction of primary protons to the total flux should be approx 20% in contrast to approx 45% at lower energies
Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in heavy-fermions systems
We report the novel pressure(P)-temperature(T) phase diagrams of
antiferromagnetism (AF) and superconductivity (SC) in CeRhIn, CeIn and
CeCuSi revealed by the NQR measurement. In the itinerant helical magnet
CeRhIn, we found that the N\'eel temperature is reduced at
1.23 GPa with an emergent pseudogap behavior. The coexistence of AF and SC is
found in a narrow P range of 1.63 - 1.75 GPa, followed by the onset of SC with
line-node gap over a wide P window 2.1 - 5 GPa. In CeIn, the localized
magnetic character is robust against the application of pressure up to
1.9 GPa, beyond which the system evolves into an itinerant regime in which the
resistive superconducting phase emerges. We discuss the relationship between
the phase diagram and the magnetic fluctuations. In CeCuSi, the SC and
AF coexist on a microscopic level once its lattice parameter is expanded. We
remark that the underlying marginal antiferromagnetic state is due to
collective magnetic excitations in the superconducting state in CeCuSi.
An interplay between AF and SC is discussed on the SO(5) scenario that unifies
AF and SC. We suggest that the SC and AF in CeCuSi have a common
mechanism.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, proceeding of ISSP200
Magnetic structure of CeRhIn_5 as a function of pressure and temperature
We report magnetic neutron-diffraction and electrical resistivity studies on
single crystals of the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeRhIn at pressures
up to 2.3 GPa. These experiments show that the staggered moment of Ce and the
incommensurate magnetic structure change weakly with applied pressure up to
1.63 GPa, where resistivity, specific heat and NQR measurements confirm the
presence of bulk superconductivity. This work places new constraints on an
interpretation of the relationship between antiferromagnetism and
unconventional superconductivity in CeRhIn.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Testing the External Shock Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts using the Late-Time Simultaneous Optical and X-ray Afterglows
We study the ``normal'' decay phase of the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray
bursts (GRBs), which follows the shallow decay phase, using the events
simultaneously observed in the R-band. The classical external shock model -- in
which neither the delayed energy injection nor time-dependency of shock
micro-physics is considered -- shows that the decay indices of the X-ray and
R-band light curves, and , obey a certain
relation, and that in particular, should be
larger than -1/4 unless the ambient density increases with the distance from
the central engine. For our selected 14 samples, we have found that 4 events
violate the limit at more than the 3 level, so that a fraction of
events are outliers of the classical external shock model at the ``normal''
decay phase.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL. 12 page, 2 figures, 2 table
Pressure-induced anomalous valence crossover in cubic YbCu5-based compounds
A pressure-induced anomalous valence crossover without structural phase transition is observed in archetypal cubic YbCu5 based heavy Fermion systems. The Yb valence is found to decrease with increasing pressure, indicating a pressure-induced crossover from a localized 4f (13) state to the valence fluctuation regime, which is not expected for Yb systems with conventional c-f hybridization. This result further highlights the remarkable singularity of the valence behavior in compressed YbCu5-based compounds. The intermetallics Yb2Pd2Sn, which shows two quantum critical points (QCP) under pressure and has been proposed as a potential candidate for a reentrant Yb(2+) state at high pressure, was also studied for comparison. In this compound, the Yb valence monotonically increases with pressure, disproving a scenario of a reentrant non-magnetic Yb(2+) state at the second QCP
Realization of odd-frequency p-wave spin-singlet superconductivity coexisting with antiferromagnetic order near quantum critical point
A possibility of the realization of the p-wave spin-singlet superconductivity
(SS), whose gap function is odd both in momentum and in frequency, is
investigated by solving the gap equation with the phenomenological interaction
mediated by the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation. The SS is realized
prevailing over the d-wave singlet superconductivity (SS) in the vicinity of
antiferromagnetic quantum critical pint (QCP) both on the paramagnetic and on
the antiferromagnetic sides. Off the QCP in the paramagnetic phase, however,
the SS with line-nodes is realized as \textit{conventional} anisotropic
superconductivity. For the present SS state, there is no gap in the
quasiparticle spectrum everywhere on the Fermi surface due to its odd
frequency. These features can give a qualitative understanding of the anomalous
behaviors of NQR relaxation rate on CeCuSi or CeRhIn where the
antiferromagnetism and superconductivity coexist on a microscopic level.Comment: 20 pages with 12 figures. To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol. 72,
No. 1
Quasiparticle spin susceptibility in heavy-fermion superconductors : An NMR study compared with specific heat results
Quasi-particle spin susceptibility () for various heavy-fermion
(HF) superconductors are discussed on the basis of the experimental results of
electronic specific heat (), NMR Knight shift () and NMR
relaxation rate () within the framework of the Fermi liquid model for a
Kramers doublet crystal electric field (CEF) ground state.
is calculated from the enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient and
from the quasi-particle Korringa relation
via the relation of
where is the hyperfine
coupling constant, the Abogadoro's number and the Bohr magneton.
For the even-parity (spin-singlet) superconductors CeCuSi, CeCoIn
and UPdAl, the fractional decrease in the Knight shift, , below the superconducting transition temperature () is due to
the decrease of the spin susceptibility of heavy quasi-particle estimated
consistently from and . This result
allows us to conclude that the heavy quasi-particles form the spin-singlet
Cooper pairs in CeCuSi, CeCoIn and UPdAl. On the other
hand, no reduction in the Knight shift is observed in UPt and
UNiAl, nevertheless the estimated values of and
are large enough to be probed experimentally. The odd-parity
superconductivity is therefore concluded in these compounds. The NMR result
provides a convincing way to classify the HF superconductors into either even-
or odd- parity paring together with the identification for the gap structure,
as long as the system has Kramers degeneracy.Comment: 11 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures, RevTex4(LaTex2e
Standardization of the Fabrication and the Operation Technologies for Large Scale Superconducting and Cryogenic Systems
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