Corrosion inhibition efficiency of human black hair extract on mild steel in 1 M H₂SO₄media

216-223The use of human black hair (HBH) extract as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 medium has been studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased on increasing the concentration of the inhibitor. The extract is s a mixed type inhibitor with optimum concentration of 0.040% v/v in potentiodynamic polarization. The adsorption characteristics of the inhibitors have been determined from the results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study confirm that the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel is through adsorption of the extract molecules on surface of metal

Polymeric corrosion inhibitors - an overview

Corrosion occurs due to chemical and electrochemical reactions. Polymeric materials adrorb on the metal sutjiace and offer inhibition to corrosion. In this overview polymeric materials employed to inhibit the corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous materials in acidic and neutral media are presented. Polymers which act both as antiscalant and inhibitors are also discussed

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of nano-crystalline LiCoO2 powder by a novel sol-gel thermolysis process for Li-ion batteries

Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO,) which is being widely used as cathode material powder was prepared by a novel sol-gel thermolysis process using urea and PVA in pH-2 and pH-5 respectively at a low temperature of 390°C. Thermal study shows that the complete crystallization and/or phase forma-tion of the compound is at 390°C. The XRD analysis confirm that the product obtained at pH—2 has more single phase than the product obtained at pH-5. SEM studies shows that the average grain size of the powder is <1 gm. In order to assess the electrochemical reversibility of the prepared LiCo02, cyclic voltammetry study was carried out by fabr-icating button cell in the configuration of Carbon/ M PPE /LiCo0

Дизайн компактної мікросмужкової патч-антени з високим коефіцієнтом підсилення в діапазоні ISM

Частотно-селективна поверхня (FSS) — це будь-яка тонка повторювана металева поверхня, призначена для відображення, пропускання або поглинання електромагнітного випромінювання відповідно до частоти хвилі. Вхідна плоска хвиля буде передана (смуга пропускання) або відбита назад (смуга зупинки) залежно від характеристик елементарної комірки. Це відбувається, коли частота електромагнітної (ЕМ) хвилі збігається з резонансною частотою компонентів FSS. Таким чином, FSS є просторовим фільтром, здатним пропускати або гальмувати електромагнітні хвилі певного діапазону частот у вільному просторі. Зараз FSS широко досліджені, і досягнуто значного прогресу в області їх проектування та реалізації для широкого спектру практичних застосувань, від мікрохвильових до оптичних частот. Представлена частотно-селективна поверхня, приєднана до нової круглої патч-антени з центральним живленням. Широка смуга від 5 ГГц до 6,2 ГГц досягається за допомогою монопольної діаграми спрямованості. Згідно з результатами моделювання запропонованої структури антени, її можна застосовувати в додатках діапазону ISM, бездротових аудіо- та відеосистемах та інших бездротових комунікаціях на частоті 5,8 ГГц. Він має симульоване максимальне підсилення 5,36 дБі та смугу пропускання 31,1%. У всьому робочому діапазоні всенаправлена діаграма спрямованості досить постійна. Загальні розміри антени становлять 27,34 x 27,34 мм2, включаючи структуру FSS, що робить компактну широкосмугову систему на 5,8 ГГц. Кругла патч-антена з ромбоподібним отвором у центрі ініціалізує перший резонанс на частоті 5,8 ГГц із розміром 20 x 20 мм2, а параметр продуктивності додатково покращується шляхом додавання структури FSS.A Frequency-Selective Surface (FSS) is any thin, repetitive metal surface designed to reflect, transmit, or absorb electromagnetic radiation according on the frequency of the wave. The entering plane wave will either be transmitted (passband) or reflected back (stopband) depending on the characteristics of the unit cell. This happens when the frequency of an electromagnetic (EM) wave coincides with the resonance frequency of the FSS components. As a result, an FSS is a spatial filter capable of allowing or inhibiting EM waves of a certain frequency range in free space. FSSs have now been widely investigated, and great progress is being made in the field of their design and implementation for a wide range of practical applications, from microwave to optical frequencies. The Frequency Selective Surface attached to the new center-fed circular patch antenna is presented. A wide band from 5 GHz to 6.2 GHz is achieved with a monopole-like radiation pattern. According to simulation results of the proposed antenna structure, it can be applied in ISM band applications, wireless audio and video systems and other wireless communications at 5.8 GHz. It has a simulated maximum gain of 5.36 dBi and a bandwidth of 31.1 %. Throughout the operational band, the omnidirectional radiation pattern is fairly constant. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 27.34 x 27.34 mm2 including FSS structure thus makes a compactable wideband system at 5.8 GHz. A circular patch antenna with diamond slot at center initialize first resonance at 5.8 GHz with a dimension of 20 x 20 mm2 and performance parameter is further improved by appending FSS Structure

Grid based reliable routing in WSN

The requirement for carrying out solid information move in remote sensor networks is as yet an open issue in the examination local area. Despite the fact that bunch directing plans are described by their low upward and productivity in solid information move in customary remote sensor organization, this potential is still yet to be used for reasonable directing choices in the climate with deterrents and voids, through voracious and border sending. In this paper, an original Grid-Based Reliable Routing (GBRR) strategy is introduced. This is accomplished by the formation of virtual groups in light of square networks from which the following jump decision is made in light of intra-group and between bunch correspondence quality. The reenactment result shows that the created plan can make greater progression to the BS as against the standard choices of important grouping course select activities, while guaranteeing channel quality. Further recreation results have shown the upgraded unwavering quality, lower idleness and energy effectiveness of the gave conspire arbitrarily hubs and snags dispersion

Grid Based Reliable Routing in WSN

The requirement for carrying out solid information move in remote sensor networks is as yet an open issue in the examination local area. Despite the fact that bunch directing plans are described by their low upward and productivity in solid information move in customary remote sensor organization, this potential is still yet to be used for reasonable directing choices in the climate with deterrents and voids, through voracious and border sending. In this paper, an original Grid-Based Reliable Routing (GBRR) strategy is introduced. This is accomplished by the formation of virtual groups in light of square networks from which the following jump decision is made in light of intra-group and between bunch correspondence quality. The reenactment result shows that the created plan can make greater progression to the BS as against the standard choices of important grouping course select activities, while guaranteeing channel quality. Further recreation results have shown the upgraded unwavering quality, lower idleness and energy effectiveness of the gave conspire arbitrarily hubs and snags dispersion

A comprehensive review on privacy preserving data mining

Preservation of privacy in data mining has emerged as an absolute prerequisite for exchanging confidential information in terms of data analysis, validation, and publishing. Ever-escalating internet phishing posed severe threat on widespread propagation of sensitive information over the web. Conversely, the dubious feelings and contentions mediated unwillingness of various information providers towards the reliability protection of data from disclosure often results utter rejection in data sharing or incorrect information sharing. This article provides a panoramic overview on new perspective and systematic interpretation of a list published literatures via their meticulous organization in subcategories. The fundamental notions of the existing privacy preserving data mining methods, their merits, and shortcomings are presented. The current privacy preserving data mining techniques are classified based on distortion, association rule, hide association rule, taxonomy, clustering, associative classification, outsourced data mining, distributed, and k-anonymity, where their notable advantages and disadvantages are emphasized. This careful scrutiny reveals the past development, present research challenges, future trends, the gaps and weaknesses. Further significant enhancements for more robust privacy protection and preservation are affirmed to be mandatory