PENGARUH KEAKTIFAN SISWA DALAM KEPENGURUSAN ORGANISASI INTRA SEKOLAH (OSIS) TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR DI SMA/MA NEGERI SEKECAMATAN WATES

Keaktifan Siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS merupakan faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Peneliti ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui tingkat keaktifan pengurus Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah; (2) mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa yang mengikuti kepengurusan Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah; (3) mengetahui pengaruh keaktifan siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS terhadap motivasi belajar di SMA/MA Negeri Sekecamatan Wates. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat noneksperimental yaitu Ex Post Facto. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa pengurus OSIS di SMA/MA Negeri Sekecamatan Wates yaitu sebanyak 93 siswa. Data tentang keaktifan siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS dan motivasi belajar diambil dengan instrumen angket. Uji validitas instrumen mengunakan korelasi Product Moment dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan Alpha Cronbach. Uji persyaratan analisis data mengunakan uji normalitas dan uji linieritas, sedangkan untuk pengujian hipotesisnya mengunakan teknik analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa (1) keaktifan siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS pada kategori sangat tinggi 22,58%, kategori tinggi 61,29%, kategori sedang 16,13, kategori rendah 0%, dan tidak ada siswa dengan kategori rendah ataupun sangat rendah. (2) motivasi belajar pada kategori sangat tinggi 10,75%, kategori tinggi 61,29%, kategori sedang 27,95, dan tidak ada siswa dengan kategori baik rendah ataupun sangat rendah. (3) hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara keaktifan siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS terhadap motivasi belajar dengan nilai t_hitung 6,738 > t_tabel 1,990. Nilai Sig 0,00 < taraf signifikansi 0,05. Persamaan Regresi Y = 16,226 + 0,499X menunjukan bahwa penerapan keaktifan siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS bertambah satu, maka prestasi belajar bertambah 0,499. Nilai determinasi R^2 = 33,3% yang berarti sumbangan pengaruh keaktifan siswa dalam kepengurusan OSIS dengan motivasi belajar siswa SMA/MA N Sekecamatan Wates adalah 33,3% sehingga masih terdapat 66,7% faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi motivasi belajar

LAPORAN PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA Lokasi: SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 WATES Gadingan, Wates, Kulon Progo

PPL UNY di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Wates merupakan salah satu program kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh PP PPL dan PKL LPPMP UNY untuk mahasiswa UNY dalam penerapan pendidikan akademik yang diwujudkan dalam kegiatan langsung mahasiswa di lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman yang dapat meningkatkan kedewasaan dan profesionalitas mahasiswa untuk memperbaharui dan mewujudkan tatanan kehidupan bermasyarakat (dalam hal ini dunia pendidikan) yang lebih baik, Salah satunya adalah dengan pelaksanaan serangkaian program PPL UNY di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Wates tahun 2014 ini. SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Wates terletak di Gadingan, Wates, Kulon Progo. Lokasi SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Wates berada di wilayah pusat kota Wates dekat dengan Alun-Alun Kota Wates, sekitar 1.000 m ke arah selatan dari pusat Kota Wates, Kabupaten Kulon Progo tersebut. Pelaksanaan kegiatan PPL dimulai dari observasi hingga pelaksanaan PPL yang terbagi menjadi beberapa tahap yaitu persiapan mengajar, pelakasanaan mengajar, dan evaluasi hasil mengajar. Kegiatan mengajar dilaksanakan setelah konsultasi Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran kepada Guru Pembimbing terlebih dahulu. Pelaksanaan PPL di kelas X AP 1, kelas X AP 2, kelas X AP 3, kelas X AP 4, kelas dan kelas X PM. Hasil dari pelaksanaan PPL selama kurang lebih dua bulan di SMK Muhammdiyah 1 Wates ini dapat diperoleh hasilnya yaitu berupa penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan praktik mengajar di bidang Pendidikan Ekonomi yang didapatkan selama di bangku perkuliahan. Meskipun demikian, tetap masih ada hambatan dalam pelaksanaan PPL ini. Penyusun berharap supaya hubungan kerjasama antara pihak sekolah dan PL PPL tetap terjaga dengan baik

Combining reward and M1 transcranial direct current stimulation enhances the retention of newly learnt sensorimotor mappings

Background: Reward-based feedback given during motor learning has been shown to improve the retention of the behaviour being acquired. Interestingly, applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during learning over the primary motor cortex (M1), an area associated with motor retention, also results in enhanced retention of the newly formed motor memories. However, it remains unknown whether combining these distinct interventions result in an additive benefit of motor retention. Methods: We investigated whether combining both interventions while participants learned to account for a visuomotor transformation results in enhanced motor retention (total n = 56; each group n = 14). To determine whether these interventions share common physiological mechanisms underpinning learning, we assessed motor cortical excitability and inhibition (i.e. SICI) on a hand muscle before and after all participants learned the visuomotor rotation using their entire arm and hand. Results: We found that both the Reward-Stim (i.e. reward + tDCS) and Reward-Sham (i.e. reward-only) groups had increased retention at the beginning of the retention phase, indicating an immediate effect of reward on behaviour. However, each intervention on their own did not enhance retention when compared to sham, but rather, only the combination of both reward and tDCS demonstrated prolonged retention. We also found that only the Reward-Stim group had a significant reduction in SICI after exposure to the perturbation. Conclusions: We show that combining both interventions are additive in providing stronger retention of motor adaptation. These results indicate that the reliability and validity of using tDCS within a clinical context may depend on the type of feedback individuals receive when learning a new motor pattern

A quest of the spirit

The thesis is an endeavour to portray the essence of the message of Islam and Islamic ideals via the means of architecture. The essence of Islam was decided to be described by analyzing key moments in the lives of six of the noble Messengers of God, namely, Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them), with special emphasis on the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The title “A quest of the spirit” was identified and implemented in order to govern the underlying theme of the project via a broad spectrum of topics as illustrated below: A quest of the spirit in terms of the spirit being -- A quest of the journey of the soul of mankind, from the beginning of creation to the end of time -- The meaning of living in God’s way, which in essence is portrayed by the lives of His noble Messengers -- Islamic culture, norms and value systems and its development over time -- Signs and symbols and their definitions over time --Islamic architecture and its development over time -- The essence of Islam, in terms of Islam as religion, Islam as culture, and Islam as a way of life in modern society -- My personal zeal to uncover the link between Islam, culture, and architecture, and their development over time By an exhaustive research analysis of important Islamic precedent studies, a basic guide of essential principles comes across, which become meaningful and depict symbolic importance, which, even though modernized, maintain their universal image and appeal. These principles become entrenched as the basic guide towards space making, whilst the narrative of the lives of the Messengers, dictates the path of the spectator through the passages of time and the lessons of God. Alas, via the study of religious norms and ideals, via an understanding of culture and symbols, and via the implementation of architecture and space-making, a narrative becomes alive in the form of a physical journey, which unfolds an understanding of the essence of a message, the essence of the soul, and the essence of a quest of the spirit …Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007.Architectureunrestricte

Thermal properties of Malaysian cohesive soils

The thermal properties of soils surrounding energy piles are required for the efficient and optimal design of shallow geothermal energy pile systems. In this study, the thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and volumetric specific heat of two types of Malaysian cohesive soil were obtained through a series of laboratory experiments using a thermal needle probe. This study was conducted to determine the effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and volumetric specific heat values of the cohesive soil at a given value of soil density. For soils with low to medium moisture content, a linear increase in the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity was observed as the moisture content gradually increased, while the thermal resistivity values of the soil had decreased. Meanwhile, for soils with high moisture content, the thermal conductivity was observed to have decreased, and a marked increase was seen in the thermal resistivity. This is due to the disruption of the thermal flow continuity in the soil matrix with the presence of moisture in the soil which adversely affects the thermal conductivity

PCR identification of Fusarium genus based on nuclear ribosomal-DNA sequence data

We have developed two taxon-selective primers for quick identification of the Fusarium genus. These primers, ITS-Fu-f and ITS-Fu-r were designed by comparing the aligned sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of a range of Fusarium species. The primers showed good specificity for the genus Fusarium, and the approximately 389-bp product was amplified exclusively. PCR sensitivity ranged from 100 fg to 10 ng for DNA extracted from Fusarium oxysporum mycelium. No amplification products were detected with PCR of DNA from Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina isolates using these primers. The assay is useful for rapid identification of Fusarium spp. cultures. The application of these PCR methods for early diagnosis of the seedling and wilt disease of cotton needs to be studied further. (African Journal of Biotechnology: 2003 2(4): 82-85

Molecular phylogeny of Fusarium species by AFLP fingerprint

The high-resolution genotyping method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to study the genetic relationships within and between natural populations of five Fusarium spp. AFLP templates were prepared by the digestion of Fusarium DNA with EcoRI and MseI restriction endonucleases and subsequent ligation of corresponding site-specific adapters. An average of 44 loci was assayed simultaneously with each primer pair and DNA markers in the range 100 to 500 bp were considered for analysis. A total of 80 AFLP polymorphic markers were obtained using four primer combinations, with an average of 20 polymorphic markers observed per primer pair. UPGMA analyses indicated 5 distinct clusters at the phenon line of 30% on the genetic similarity scale corresponding to the 5 taxa. The similarity percent of each group oscillated between 87 and 97%. The phenetic dendrogram generated by UPGMA as well as principal coordinate analysis (PCA) grouped all of the Fusarium spp. isolates into five major clusters. No clear trend was detected between clustering in the AFLP dendrogram and geographic origin, host genotype of the tested isolates with a few exceptions. The results of the present study provide evidence of the high discriminatory power of AFLP analysis, suggesting the possible applicability of this method to the molecular characterization of Fusarium. (African Journal of Biotechnology: 2003 2(3): 51-55

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades

Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1,2. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300 and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 3. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 4-7. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 8. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, Kuwait, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of &#x201c;random mutation&#x201d; through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. The recombination role is further supported by the high fidelity replication in swine influenza 9 and aggregation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in H5N1 clade 2.2 hemagglutinin 10