PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM PERDATA DI INDONESIA

Perubahan dan perkembangan hukum perdata timbul sebab hukum bersifat dinamis, hal ini juga dipengaruhi juga oleh peradaban manusia yang makin bergeser seiring perkembangan teknologi serta pemanasan globalisasi. Hukum perdata hakikatnya sangat berkaitan dengan perkokohan fungsi pengawasan di dalam internal yang menggantikan fungsi pengawasan eksternal. Perkembangan hukum perdata modern ini karena dasar nya selalu berkaitan dengan hubungan rezim pemerintah dengan masyarakat, dengan begitu dapat memperkuat peran serta partisipatif masyarakat pada suatu aspek. Salah satu bentuk moderenisasi hukum perdata yang berkembang ini diantaranya; Hukum kontrak perjanjian, hukum perlindungan konsumen, dan hukum tenaga kerja, sebagai bentuk wujud pengkokohan fungsi internal yang berkaitan dengan fungsi kontrol eksternalKata kunci: Hukum Perdata, Perkembangan, Perubahan

Tanggapan siswa terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru hubungannya dengan kepedulian sosial mereka : Penelitian korelasional pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Assalam Kota Bandung

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh sikap profesionalisme yang telah dilakukan guru secara maksimal yaitu menunjukan kepedulian dan kebaikan terhadap siswa seperti menanyakan kabar, memberi perhatian yang lebih, memberi nasihat, mengungkapkan perasaan secara terbuka kepada siswa, serta bersedia berbagi emosi dan perasaan (antusiasme, kasih sayang, kesabaran, kesedihan dan ketidaksetujuan). Namun peneliti melihat masih banyak siswa yang tidak terbuka dengan guru lalu kurangnya rasa percaya mereka terhadap guru serta sikap siswa yang acuh dan tidak peduli ketika teman memiliki kesulitan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) tanggapan siswa kelas VIII SMP Assalam Kota Bandung terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru pada pembelajaran PAI, (2) kepedulian sosial siswa kelas VIII, dan (3) hubungan antara sikap siswa kelas VIII terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru pada pembelajaran PAI dengan kepedulian sosial mereka. Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada teori yang mengatakan bahwa profesionalisme guru dalam pembelajaran agama islam merupakan salah satu faktor terciptanya internalisasi dalam penanaman karakter kepedulian. Hal tersebut diperlukan sebagai salah satu usaha pembentukan karakter kepedulian siswa karena menurut Ramayulis guru yang memiliki sikap profesional yang baik, seperti keterlibatan dalam proses belajar-mengajar, memahami kebutuhan siswa, dan mendemonstrasikan perhatian terhadap perkembangan pribadi siswa, akan mendorong terciptanya hubungan positif antara guru dan siswa. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan kepedulian siswa terhadap pembelajaran dan menghasilkan lingkungan yang mendukung serta prestasi akademik yang lebih baik Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode korelasi. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi, angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis datanya yaitu : Analisis Parsial dan Analisis Korelasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan diperolehnya : (1) Bagaimana tanggapan siswa terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru ? tanggapan siswa kelas VIII SMP Assalam Kota Bandung terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru pada pembelajaran PAI berkategori positif dengan skor 3,91 yang berada pada interval 3,40-4,19 , (2) Bagaimana kepedulian sosial siswa? kepedulian sosial siswa kelas VIII SMP Assalam Kota Bandung berkategori tinggi dengan skor akhir 3,98 berada pada interval 3,40-4,19 , dan (3) sejauh mana hubungan tanggapan siswa terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru dengan kepedulian sosial mereka? hubungan tanggapan siswa terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru pada pembelajaran PAI dengan kepedulian sosial siswa kelas VIII SMP Assalam Kota Bandung (a) koefisien korelasinya berkategori kuat (0,749) yang berada pada interval 0,60-0,799. (b) hipotesisinya menunjukan bahwa thitung (5,536) > ttabel (2,064). Artinya semakin positif tanggapan siswa terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru pada pembelajaran PAI maka semakin tinggi pula kepedulian sosial mereka

Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai (Glycine max) terhadap frekuensi penyiraman dengan teknik partial rootzone drying pada media tailing

Partial rootzone drying (PRD) merupakan teknik pengairan sebagian akar dan pada saat yang sama sebagian lainnya dibiarkan mengering. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui frekuensi penyiraman dengan menggunakan teknik PRD terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai pada media tailing pasca penambangan timah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga juni 2021 di Kebun Percobaan dan Penelitian, Fakultas Pertanian, Perikanan dan Biologi, Universitas Bangka Belitung. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) tunggal dengan 5 taraf perlakuan frekuensi penyiraman yaitu kontrol/Tanpa PRD (F0), frekuensi penyiraman PRD 1 hari (F1), frekuensi penyiraman PRD 3 hari (F2), frekuensi penyiraman PRD 5 hari (F3) dan frekuensi penyiraman PRD 7 hari (F4). Data hasil pengamatan dianalis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan perlakuan frekuensi penyiraman dengan teknik PRD tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai. Perlakuan 3 hari sekali cenderung memberikan hasil pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya

Mutations in DDHD2, Encoding an Intracellular Phospholipase A(1), Cause a Recessive Form of Complex Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Contains fulltext : 108770.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)We report on four families affected by a clinical presentation of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) due to recessive mutations in DDHD2, encoding one of the three mammalian intracellular phospholipases A(1) (iPLA(1)). The core phenotype of this HSP syndrome consists of very early-onset (<2 years) spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, and a specific pattern of brain abnormalities on cerebral imaging. An essential role for DDHD2 in the human CNS, and perhaps more specifically in synaptic functioning, is supported by a reduced number of active zones at synaptic terminals in Ddhd-knockdown Drosophila models. All identified mutations affect the protein's DDHD domain, which is vital for its phospholipase activity. In line with the function of DDHD2 in lipid metabolism and its role in the CNS, an abnormal lipid peak indicating accumulation of lipids was detected with cerebral magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which provides an applicable diagnostic biomarker that can distinguish the DDHD2 phenotype from other complex HSP phenotypes. We show that mutations in DDHD2 cause a specific complex HSP subtype (SPG54), thereby linking a member of the PLA(1) family to human neurologic disease

Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

International audienceSince the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger

Measurement of the τ\tau lepton polarization in Z boson decays in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe polarization of $\tau$ leptons is measured using leptonic and hadronic $\tau$ lepton decays in Z $\to\tau^+\tau^-$ events in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded by CMS at the CERN LHC with an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb$^{-1}$. The measured $\tau^-$ polarization at the Z boson mass pole is $\mathcal{P}_{\tau}$(Z) = $-$0.144$\pm$0.006 (stat) $\pm$ 0.014 (syst) = $-$0.144$\pm$0.015, in good agreement with the measurement of the $\tau$ lepton asymmetry parameter of $A_{\tau}$ = 0.1439$\pm$0.0043 = $-\mathcal{P}_{\tau}$(Z) at LEP. The $\tau$ polarization depends on the ratio of the vector to axial-vector couplings of the $\tau$ leptons in the neutral current expression, and thus on the effective weak mixing angle $\sin^{2}\theta_\mathrm{W}^{\text{eff}}$, independently of the Z boson production mechanism. The obtained value $\sin^{2}\theta_\mathrm{W}^{\text{eff}}$ = 0.2319$\pm$0.0008 (stat) $\pm$ 0.0018 (syst) = 0.2319$\pm$0.0019 is in good agreement with measurements at e$^+$e$^-$ colliders

Search for stealth supersymmetry in final states with two photons, jets, and low missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe results of a search for stealth supersymmetry in final states with two photons and jets, targeting a phase space region with low missing transverse momentum ($p_\text{T}^\text{miss}$), are reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. As LHC results continue to constrain the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the low $p_\text{T}^\text{miss}$ regime is increasingly valuable to explore. To estimate the backgrounds due to standard model processes in such events, we apply corrections derived from simulation to an estimate based on a control selection in data. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified stealth supersymmetry models with gluino and squark pair production. The observed data are consistent with the standard model predictions, and gluino (squark) masses of up to 2150 (1850) GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level

Search for long-lived particles decaying in the CMS muon detectors in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceA search for long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying in the CMS muon detectors is presented. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ recorded at the LHC in 2016-2018, is used. The decays of LLPs are reconstructed as high multiplicity clusters of hits in the muon detectors. In the context of twin Higgs models, the search is sensitive to LLP masses from 0.4 to 55 GeV and a broad range of LLP decay modes, including decays to hadrons, $\tau$ leptons, electrons, or photons. No excess of events above the standard model background is observed. The most stringent limits to date from LHC data are set on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to a pair of LLPs with masses below 10 GeV. This search also provides the best limits for various intervals of LLP proper decay length and mass. Finally, this search sets the first limits at the LHC on a dark quantum chromodynamic sector whose particles couple to the Higgs boson through gluon, Higgs boson, photon, vector, and dark-photon portals, and is sensitive to branching fractions of the Higgs boson to dark quarks as low as 2$\times$10$^{-3}$

Search for flavor changing neutral current interactions of the top quark in final states with a photon and additional jets in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceA search for the production of a top quark in association with a photon and additional jets via flavor changing neutral current interactions is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The search is performed by looking for processes where a single top quark is produced in association with a photon, or a pair of top quarks where one of the top quarks decays into a photon and an up or charm quark. Events with an electron or a muon, a photon, one or more jets, and missing transverse momentum are selected. Multivariate analysis techniques are used to discriminate signal and standard model background processes. No significant deviation is observed over the predicted background. Observed (expected) upper limits are set on the branching fractions of top quark decays: $\mathcal{B}$(t$\to$u$\gamma$) $\lt$ 0.95$\times$10$^{-5}$ (1.20$\times$10$^{-5}$) and $\mathcal{B}$(t$\to$c$\gamma$) $\lt$ 1.51$\times$10$^{-5}$ (1.54$\times$10$^{-5}$) at 95% confidence level, assuming a single nonzero coupling at a time. The obtained limit for $\mathcal{B}$(t$\to$u$\gamma$) is similar to the current best limit, while the limit for $\mathcal{B}$(t$\to$c$\gamma$) is significantly tighter than previous results