Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus

570-577Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus is locally known as Aroghyapacha which means the leaves that give health and vitality. The present study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves and swollen part of the petiole of T. zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Essential oils were isolated from the leaves and swollen part of the petiole and analyzed by GC-MS. The major components of the leaf essential oil were α-humulene (48.99%) and β-caryophyllene (30.08%), whereas α-humulene (36.69%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (17.41%) were the main components of the swollen part of petiole. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays. Both of the essential oils exhibited poor to moderate antioxidant activity (DPPH assay, IC50 >1000 μg/mL). The phosphomolybdenum assay of the leaves (1.70±0.01 mg equivalent AAE/g) and swollen part petiole(1.85±0.03 mg equivalent AAE/g) essential oils showed moderate total antioxidant capacity. Both the oils exhibited potentantimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. The present study is a experimentalproof of the previous attempts on ethnobotanical investigations carried out among Kani tribes of Agasthymalai BiosphereReserve

Effect of hydrolysis time on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) protein hydrolysate

Jack Bean or Kacang Koro (Canavalia ensiformis) is one of the under-exploited tropical dry beans. This study was aimed to determine the effect of hydrolysis time on physicochemical properties, antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of Jack Bean protein hydrolysate (JBPH). The physicochemical properties of JBPH were evaluated based on protein content, WHC, OHC, degree of hydrolysis, foam stability and foaming capacity. The antioxidative activity of JBPH was measured using DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging and FRAP. Well diffusion method was used to study antimicrobial activity of JBPH. The highest protein content (33.16±0.03%) obtained in JBPH that hydrolysed for 150 min. The degree of hydrolysis was showed for JBPH highest at 120 min (51.79±0.28%). The size of the microstructure of JBPH analysed using SEM were decrease with hydrolysis time. FTIR analysis confirmed that JBPH comprised of three major components (Region I, II and III). Water holding capacity of JBPH was the highest for the sample hydrolysed for 60 min (63.87±0.72%) while oil holding capacity depicts the highest by it at 180 min (57.17±1.19%). Foaming capacity and foam stability decreased with hydrolysis time. JBPH produced at 120 min hydrolysis time showed the highest inhibition toward DPPH (42.44%) and hydroxyl radicals (20.01%). FRAP and superoxide radical scavenging, JBPH at 90 min showed the highest inhibition (91.15±0.05 µM and 64.33%). JBPH also showed antimicrobial properties by inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa. The best hydrolysis time to produce JBPH with the highest physicochemical properties was found at 120 min

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus

Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus is locally known as Aroghyapacha which means the leaves that give health and vitality. The present study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves and swollen part of the petiole of T. zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Essential oils were isolated from the leaves and swollen part of the petiole and analyzed by GC-MS. The major components of the leaf essential oil were α-humulene (48.99%) and β-caryophyllene (30.08%), whereas α-humulene (36.69%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (17.41%) were the main components of the swollen part of petiole. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays. Both of the essential oils exhibited poor to moderate antioxidant activity (DPPH assay, IC50 >1000 µg/mL). The phosphomolybdenum assay of the leaves (1.70±0.01 mg equivalent AAE/g) and swollen part petiole (1.85±0.03 mg equivalent AAE/g) essential oils showed moderate total antioxidant capacity. Both the oils exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. The present study is a experimental proof of the previous attempts on ethnobotanical investigations carried out among Kani tribes of Agasthymalai Biosphere Reserve

OPTIMIZATION OF DISJOINTS FOR MINIMIZATION OF FAILURE IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORK

In an optical network, the fiber optic cable is used for communication between the nodes in a network by passing lights. The main problem in optical network is finding the link disjoints as well as optimal solution for the disjoints. To tolerate a single link failure in the network, the enhanced active path first algorithm is used which computes the re-routed back-up path. The multiple link failure in a network called fibre span disjoint path problem is solved using integer linear programming algorithm. The loop back recovery is used to provide pre-planned recovery of link or node failures in a network which allows dynamic choice of routes over pre-planned directions. Considering reliability in a mesh networks, the reliability algorithm helps to achieve the maximum reliability in two-path protection. It addresses the multiple disjoint failures that arise in a network and discusses the best solution between paths shared nodes or links. The unified algorithm is used to generate the optimal results with minimum cost for multiple link failures. The heuristic algorithm namely maximum arbitrary double-link protection algorithm helps to pre-compute the back-up path for double-link failures. In all the above approaches the shortest optimized path must be improved. To find the best shortest path, link-disjoint lightpath algorithm is designed to compute the disjoint occurred in a network and it also satisfies the wavelength continuity constraint in wavelength division multiplexing. A polynomial time algorithm Wavelength Division Multiplexing – Passive Optical Networking is used to compute the disjoint happen in the network. The overall time efficiency is analyzed and performance is evaluated through simulations

Art. 1.1475/ringraziamenti

Abstract. -Tuberculosis (TB) is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Almost a third of the world's population is infected with TB bacilli, and each year approximately 8 million people develop active tuberculosis and 2 million die as a result. However, there are few studies of long-term TB treatment outcomes from Directly Observed Therapy, Shor t-course (DOTS) programs in high-burden settings and particularly settings of high drug resistance. This study is a systematic review to evidence the incidence and prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) and disease and to evaluate the impact of various preventive strategies that have been attempted. To identify relevant studies, we searched electronic databases and journals, and contacted experts in the field. This review demonstrates that, various types of tuberculosis have different imaging findings, and typical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MG) findings can suggest the diagnosis. Available evidence reinforces the need to design and implement simple, effective, and affordable tuberculosis infection-control programs in health-care facilities in our countries. With the revision of all the data's, we are able to conclude that the controlling of tuberculosis by human beings is yet not achieved. So, there is an urgency to develop awareness amongst the individuals and also a new drugs regimen for the proper treatment of tuberculosis

Molecular insights of benzodipyrazole as CDK2 inhibitors: combined molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and 3D QSAR studies

<div><p></p><p>Benzodipyrazoles have been previously evaluated for their <i>in vitro</i> CDK2 inhibitory activity. In the current investigation, we identified a six-feature common pharmacophore model (AADDRR.33) which is predicted to be responsible for CDK2 inhibition. An efficient 3D QSAR (<i>r</i>²= 0.98 and <i>q</i>²= 0.82) model was also constructed by employing PLS regression analysis. From the molecular docking studies, we examined the binding patterns of compound <b>7aa</b> with the target protein and also calculated the binding energy using MM-GBSA calculations. Three hydrogen bonds with Lys 33, Glu 81, and Leu 83 are conserved even after 1000 ps run in a molecular dynamics simulation. We identified the slight displacement in bond lengths and the conformational changes occurred during the dynamics. The results also elucidated the protein residue–ligand interaction fractions which clearly explained the involvement of non-H-bond interactions.</p></div

CPS in block chain smart city application based on distributed ledger based decentralized technique

This article offers a brief overview about cyber-physical systems enabled by blockchain (CPS). Dissects various blockchain-enabled CPS reported on the operations and blockchain characteristics used in the literature. Base of its time sensitiveness and throughput requirements, we identify and categories key common CPS operations that can be activated by blockchain. We also develop blockchain features and categories in terms of diverse levels of benefits to CPS like security, privacy, immutability, tolerance of defects, interoperability's, data origin, atomicity, automation, information/service sharing and trust. This paper provides an overview of the concept of intelligent cities as well as emerging technologies and a quick overview of cyber-physical systems. It then discusses CPS' potential role in the development of intelligent city apps and some real-life examples of CPS adaptation for city smart projects. A decentralized database based on distributed ledgers has been introduced. Distributed ledgers are a distributed database with a network connection node. These nodes include ledgers that list transactions with timestamps