Do the User of Nutrition Information System (SISFORNUTRIMIL) Application Have an Impact on Maternal Eating Behaviour and Pregnancy Outcomes?

Background: In several studies have reported that complications of pregnancy could be indicated by inadequate nutrition during pregnancy. In this regard, some of the pregnant women are limited-time engagement with health professionals, lack resources and education of nutrition, and consume unhealthy food. Often found that pregnant women and family are difficult to estimate nutrient intake in line with dietary targets and guidelines and nutrient reference value.TheNutritionalInformation System (SISFORNUTRIMIL) is an application which helps the pregnant women to estimate nutrient intake and record their food intake. Objectives: The study aims to determine the maternal eating behaviour and pregnancy outcomes measurements. Methods: This study involved two phases. Phase one: Conducting a literature search required engaging in an extensive and systematic search strategy to be able to identify articles related to this study. Step two: this study will randomized control trial (RCT) and allocate participants 1:1 to the SISFORNUTRIMIL application user and non-user application. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of reproductive age (MDD-W) indicators and Adult Behaviour Eating Questionnaire (ABEQ) will be used to identify maternal eating behaviour. In additional, maternal weight gain, blood sample test, and birth weight examination used to measure pregnancy experience and pregnancy outcome. Discussion: Nutrition intervention during pregnancy is an important strategy to improve health pregnancy in reduced the healthcare and health promotion issue. The SISFORNUTRIMIL application for individual preferences for nutrition intervention and optimal pregnancy outcomes, suggesting a need for food intake guidelines that facilitate pregnant women involvement in eating properly. Furthermore, this research as a proper foundation to contribute to decreasing the morbidity and mortality rate

Human resource inequalities at the base of India\u27s public health care system

This paper examines the extent of inequalities in human resource provision at India\u27s Heath Sub-Centres (HSC)—first level of service provision in the public health system. ‘Within state’ inequality explained about 71% and ‘between state’ inequality explained the remaining 29% of the overall inter-HSC inequality. The Northern states had a lower health worker share relative to the extent of their HSC provision. Contextual factors that contributed to ‘between’ and ‘within’ district inequalities were the percentages of villages connected with all-weather roads and having primary schools. Analysis demonstrates a policy and programming need to address ‘within State’ inequalities as a priority

Socio-Economic Inequalities in the Use of Postnatal Care in India

OBJECTIVES: First, our objective was to estimate socio-economic inequalities in the use of postnatal care (PNC) compared with those in the use of care at birth and antenatal care. Second, we wanted to compare inequalities in the use of PNC between facility births and home births and to determine inequalities in the use of PNC among mothers with high-risk births. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Rich-poor ratios and concentration indices for maternity care were estimated using the third round of the District Level Household Survey conducted in India in 2007-08. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the socio-economic inequalities associated with use of PNC after adjusting for relevant socio-economic and demographic characteristics. PNC for both mothers and newborns was substantially lower than the care received during pregnancy and child birth. Only 44% of mothers in India at the time of survey received any care within 48 hours after birth. Likewise, only 45% of newborns received check-up within 24 hours of birth. Mothers who had home births were significantly less likely to have received PNC than those who had facility births, with significant differences across the socio-economic strata. Moreover, the rich-poor gap in PNC use was significantly wider for mothers with birth complications. CONCLUSIONS: PNC use has been unacceptably low in India given the risks of mortality for mothers and babies shortly after birth. However, there is evidence to suggest that effective use of pregnancy and childbirth care in health facilities led to better PNC. There are also significant socio-economic inequalities in access to PNC even for those accessing facility-based care. The coverage of essential PNC is inadequate, especially for mothers from economically disadvantaged households. The findings suggest the need for strengthening PNC services to keep pace with advances in coverage for care at birth and prenatal services in India through targeted policy interventions

Effects of cumulative COVID-19 cases on mental health: Evidence from multi-country survey.

Depression and anxiety were both ranked among the top 25 leading causes of global burden of diseases in 2019 prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The pandemic affected, and in many cases threatened, the health and lives of millions of people across the globe and within the first year, global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by 25% with the greatest influx in places highly affected by COVID-19. To explore the psychological impact of the pandemic and resultant restrictions in different countries using an opportunistic sample and online questionnaire in different phases of the pandemic. A repeated, cross-sectional online international survey of adults, 16 years and above, was carried out in 10 countries (United Kingdom, India, Canada, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Egypt, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia). The online questionnaire was based on published approaches to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 and the resultant restrictions. Five standardised measures were included to explore levels of depression [patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)], anxiety [generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) assessment], impact of trauma [the impact of events scale-revised (IES-R)], loneliness (a brief loneliness scale), and social support (The Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social support). There were two rounds of the online survey in 10 countries with 42866 participants in Round 1 and 92260 in Round 2. The largest number of participants recruited from the United Kingdom (112985 overall). The majority of participants reported receiving no support from mental health services throughout the pandemic. This study found that the daily cumulative COVID-19 cases had a statistically significant effect on PHQ-9, GAD-7, and IES-R scores. These scores significantly increased in the second round of surveys with the ordinary least squares regression results with regression discontinuity design specification (to control lockdown effects) confirming these results. The study findings imply that participants' mental health worsened with high cumulative COVID-19 cases. Whist we are still living through the impact of COVID-19, this paper focuses on its impact on mental health, discusses the possible consequences and future implications. This study revealed that daily cumulative COVID-19 cases have a significant impact on depression, anxiety, and trauma. Increasing cumulative cases influenced and impacted education, employment, socialization and finances, to name but a few. Building a database of global evidence will allow for future planning of pandemics, particularly the impact on mental health of populations considering the cultural differences. [Abstract copyright: ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

Maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination and neonatal mortality in rural North India

Objectives: Preventable neonatal mortality due to tetanus infection remains common. We aimed to examine antenatal vaccination impact in a context of continuing high neonatal mortality in rural northern India. Methods and Findings: Using the third round of the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005-06, mortality of most recent singleton births was analysed in discrete-time logistic model with maternal tetanus vaccination, together with antenatal care utilisation and supplementation with iron and folic acid. 59% of mothers reported receiving antenatal care, 48% reported receiving iron and folic acid supplementation and 68% reported receiving two or more doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination. The odds of all-cause neonatal death were reduced following one or more antenatal dose of TT with odds ratios (OR) of 0.46 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.78) after one dose and 0.45 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.66) after two or more doses. Reported utilisation of antenatal care and iron-folic acid supplementation did not influence neonatal mortality. In the statistical model, 16% (95% CI 5% to 27%) of neonatal deaths could be attributed to a lack of at least two doses of TT vaccination during pregnancy, representing an estimated 78,632 neonatal deaths in absolute terms. Conclusions: Substantial gains in newborn survival could be achieved in rural North India through increased coverage of antenatal TT vaccination. The apparent substantial protective effect of a single antenatal dose of TT requires further study. It may reflect greater population vaccination coverage and indicates that health programming should prioritise universal antenatal coverage with at least one dose. Citation: Singh A, Pallikadavath S, Ogollah R, Stones W (2012) Maternal Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination and Neonatal Mortality in Rural North India. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48891. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048891Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Disseminating knowledge about AIDS through the Indian family planning program: prospects and limitations. [Correspondence]

There is growing concern that HIV is spreading to low-risk population groups and to women in India. Data from sentinel surveillance of women attending antenatal clinics in 2001 showed a prevalence of up to 1.75% [1]. There is also evidence of spread to rural areas: among a 1998 sample of 1251 women in a rural area accessible to the large city of Pune, Maharashtra, the prevalence was 1.2% [2]. Although generalization to the national level from regional data is not appropriate, and limited information is available about the actual prevalence of HIV in the rural areas of the different states, the large absolute numbers potentially at risk indicate a major challenge to India's health security.A fundamental condition for protection of the population from HIV infection is the level of knowledge about the disease, which varies considerably between different states in India, between urban and rural areas and between men and women. Overall, 70% of urban and 30% of rural women had heard of AIDS in 1998-1999 [3]. A 2001 survey provided evidence that the urban-rural disparity persists, although overall levels of knowledge had improved [4]. Mass media-based efforts to increase knowledge for health protection are under way. We have attempted to quantify the prospects of using Indian family planning services to deliver information about HIV, by undertaking an analysis of the current status of AIDS knowledge in relation to current or intended use of family planning methods.The 1998-1999 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) was utilized in the present study [3]. The survey (n = 90 303) included questions on AIDS knowledge, fertility and family planning use and intentions. The three aspects of AIDS knowledge to which yes/no responses were sought in the survey were awareness of AIDS, knowledge of whether AIDS can be avoided, and knowledge of whether the condom provides protection from AIDS.Table 1 shows that, as a result of previous sterilization or subfertility, the national family planning programme would not have the capacity to address many women currently lacking knowledge of AIDS in rural India. Some 38% of the rural sample both lacked any knowledge of AIDS and did not require family planning services; 52% were both unaware that condom use can prevent infection and did not require family planning services. In absolute numbers, based on the estimate of 177 million eligible women in the reproductive age group for 2001 provided by the Government of India Department of Family Welfare [5] of whom we estimate 131 million reside in rural areas, these percentages would translate to 49 and 68 million women, respectively. Those who have been sterilized or experienced subfertility may be at greater risk of HIV infection through unprotected sex both within and outside marriage. The age at sterilization is currently declining, with a median of 25.7 years in the present survey, potentially increasing women's exposure to unprotected sex

Health Impact of Lifestyle Changes in Kerala

Although overall health status of Kerala has improved, morbidity remains high. Tertiary diseases in the state are on the rise. There have been important changes in the socio-economic life of Kerala in the last few decades due to large-scale migration to the Middle-east As a result of remittances into the state, people's habits and practice of daily life have significantly changed. The extent to which these changes have impacted on health has not yet been the subject of systematic study. It is important to identify population sub-groups most affected by these changes. If tertiary diseases and morbidity remain high, there is a risk that the achievements of public health may not translate into real health benefits. Also, for a relatively poor state like Kerala public funding to address tertiary disease care would be a major task. The study would help inform policy makers about potential measures to address this problem