Pengaruh Kitosan Dan Trichoderma SP. Terhadap Keparahan Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum Capsici (Syd.) Butl. Et Bisby) Pada Buah Cabai (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. terhadap keparahan penyakit antraknosa (C. capsici) pada buah cabai (C. annuum L.). Hipotesis yang diajukan ialah bahwa aplikasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dapat menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai, terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara perlakuan kitosan, dan Trichoderma sp. terhadap keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai, dan kitosan tidak berbeda jauh dengan fungisida berbahan aktif kaptan dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai. Penelitian inidilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung dari bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2012. Percobaan ini terdiri atas 5 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (P1), kitosan (P2), kitosan+Trichoderma sp. (P3), Trichoderma sp. (P4), dan fungisida berbahan aktif kaptan (P5). Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan masing-masing perlakuan 3 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam kemudian untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan, kitosan+Trichoderma sp. dan fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif kaptan dapat menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai. Trichoderma sp. saja tidak dapat menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai, dan pengaruh kitosan dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai sebanding dengan fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif kaptan

Study on inhomogenous perforation thick micro-perforated panel sound absorbers

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) sound absorbers are usually made of a thin panel and have narrow absorption bandwidth. This drawback causes the application of MPP to be limited. In this paper, the possibility of realizing wider absorption bandwidth MPP with sufficient structural strength is investigated. For this, multi-MPP (resonator) arranged in parallel to form an inhomogeneous perforation MPP is introduced to widen the absorption bandwidth. The thickness of MPP must be 1.5 times higher than perforation diameter or more in order to have appropriate strength. The characteristics of corresponding absorption coefficients are studied parametrically using theoretical models as thick panels can reduce the MPP’s performance. It is found that the absorption bandwidth of thicker panels with inhomogeneous perforation approach can be at least twice times of classical MPP. The problem of reduced peak absorption coefficient in a thick panel can be avoided by keeping the acoustic resistance value around 1± 0.5 Rayls. Compared with homogeneous MPP, inter-resonator interaction exists in the inhomogeneous perforation thick MPP that causes the overall absorption to become higher due to the increasing of the acoustic resistance as well as the shifting of peak resonance following residual acoustic reactance. The measurement results confirm all of the characteristics

Step by step procedures : degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in potable water using photo-Fenton oxidation process

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds, composed of two or more fused benzene rings and abundantly found in mixed-use areas. Mixed-use areas consist of dense population, urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities. River pollution are common in mixed-use areas and 98% of Malaysia's fresh water supply originates from surface water. The biological degradation, adsorption and advanced oxidation process were documented as the available PAHs treatment for water. To date, the application of the photo-Fenton oxidation process has been reported for the treatment of PAHs from contaminated soil (review paper), landfill leachate, municipal solid waste leachate, sanitary landfill leachate, aniline wastewater, ammunition wastewater and saline aqueous solutions. As for potable water, the application of Fenton reagent was aided with photo treatment or electrolysis not focusing on PAHs removal. • The presented MethodsX was conducted for PAHs degradation analysis in potable water samples using photo-Fenton oxidation process. • The designed reactor for batch experiment is presented. • The batch experiment consists of parameters like concentration of 17 USEPA-PAHs in the prepared aqueous solution (fixed variable), reaction time, pH and molarity ratio of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)

Soundscape assessment: Towards a validated translation of perceptual attributes in different languages

The recently published ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 standard aims to provide researchers and practitioners around the world with a reliable questionnaire for soundscape characterization. The ISO Technical Specifications report protocols and attributes grounded in the soundscape literature, but only includes an English version. The applicability and reliability of these attributes in non-English speaking regions remains an open question, as research investigating translations of soundscape attributes is limited. To address this gap, an international collaboration was initiated with soundscape researchers from all over the world. Translation into 15 different languages, obtained through focus groups and panels of experts in soundscape studies, are proposed. The main challenges and outcomes of this preliminary exercise are discussed. The long-term objective is to validate the proposed translations using standardized listening experiments in different languages and geographical regions as a way to promote a widespread use of the soundscape attributes, both in academia and practice, across locations, populations and languages

The etiology of kidney failure in Indonesia: a multicenter study in tertiary-care centers in Jakarta

Background: Despite a large number of patients requiring dialysis, the etiology of kidney failure is poorly documented in Indonesia. With the aim to reduce the disease burden, it is essential to obtain more insight in the etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Objective(s): In the present study, we attempted to investigate the primary renal disease of kidney failure patients from five tertiary-care centers in Jakarta.Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of kidney failure patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT), from December 2021 to July 2022. We recruited patients aged ≥18 years, had been receiving dialysis for at least three months or a kidney transplantation.Findings: This study included 1,152 patients treated with hemodialysis (68.1%), peritoneal dialysis (7.5%), and kidney transplantation (24.4%). At the start of KRT, the median (interquartile-range [IQR]) age was 48 [37–58] years with low eGFR (median [IQR]: 5.9 [4.0–8.34] ml/minute/1.73 m2). Hypertension was the main comorbidity (74.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (30.1%). The major primary kidney disease was diabetic kidney disease (27.2%), followed by glomerulonephritis (13.0%), hypertension (11.5%), and urolithiasis (10.3%). Lupus nephritis was the common underlying etiology of secondary glomerulonephritis (91%). A high rate of unknown cause (31.1%) was also observed.Conclusions: Our results suggest that diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure in Jakarta, followed by glomerulonephritis. This study highlights the need for a better approach on primary prevention of diabetes mellitus as well as to better recognize glomerulonephritis at earlier stage might have a significant impact on reduction of the rate of kidney failure in Indonesia.Clinical epidemiolog

Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the combined effects of these four risk factors surpassed 925 deaths per 100 000 for men in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, but were less than 130 deaths per 100 000 for women and less than 200 for men in some high-income countries including Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, and Spain. Interpretation: The salient features of the cardiometabolic disease and risk factor epidemic at the beginning of the 21st century are high blood pressure and an increasing effect of obesity and diabetes. The mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors has shifted from high-income to low-income and middle-income countries. Lowering cardiometabolic risks through dietary, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions should be a part of the global response to non-communicable diseases. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, US National Institutes of Health. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd

The preferred initial time delay gap and inter-aural cross correlation for a Javanese gamelan performance hall

This paper discusses the application of a method based on human subjective preference to the acoustic design of a Javanese gamelan performance hall. Some important distinctions between Javanese gamelan ensembles and Western classical orchestra are the tuning system, orchestral blending process, and technique of playing. The results of subjective preference test using the rank order method showed that the subjects preferred 24·25 ms for the initial time delay gap (ITDG) and the smallest value of the inter-aural cross-correlation (IACC). The preferred ITDG agree with the ITDG from the room response measured in a traditional pendopo in Indonesia, which is not a common concert hall but an open-sided hall. However, the preferred IACC is not in agreement with the measured ITDG in the pendopo