Behind the Kitchen Door

[Excerpt] How do restaurant workers live on some of the lowest wages in America? And how do poor working conditions - discriminatory labor practices, exploitation, and unsanitary kitchens - affect the meals that arrive at our restaurant tables? Saru Jayaraman, who launched the national restaurant workers\u27 organization Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, sets out to answer these questions by following the lives of restaurant workers in New York City, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Detroit, and New Orleans

Embodying Vulnerability: A Feminist Theory of the Person

Fokus i denna avhandling utgör läkares och civilingenjörers kunskaps- och identifikationsprocesser under utbildning och arbete – vilka studeras som utsnitt ur levnadsbanor. Syftet är att beskriva och tolka relationen mellan högre utbildning och arbete, dels utifrån föreställningar i forskning och policy, dels utifrån människors subjektivitet, vardagserfarenheter och liv. Studien baseras på textanalys och intervjuer med läkare och IT-ingenjörer under de första åren i arbetslivet och yrket. Kännetecknande är att processer följs över tid genom en longitudinell design. Den teoretiska ramen struktureras runt tre länkade teman: Kunskap och dynamiker i det samtida samhället; Högre utbildning och arbete; Människors formbarhet. Reflexiv tolkning utgör metodologisk ansats. Begreppen flexibilitet, stabilitet och ambivalens används dialektiskt vid analys av empiriska data. Avhandlingen visar att människors subjektivitet och vardagserfarenheter samspelar med generella föreställningar och sammanhangens reella förhållanden. Utbildnings- och yrkesval kan förstås som uttryck för såväl reflexiva livsprojekt som subjektiva dynamiker. Att formas till civilingenjör och läkare ter sig på vitt skilda sätt. Ingenjörerna formas till generalister och ”spelar med säkra kort” medan läkarna bygger en karaktär och ”spelar med sig själva som insats”. I arbetet använder civilingenjörerna titeln som en flexibel strategi – identifikation är främst bunden till plats, funktion och arbetstid. Läkarnas identifikation med yrket utgör ett konstant tillstånd – läkare är något de alltid är, också på fritiden – yrket är starkt bundet till person. Resultaten indikerar att både ingenjörs- och läkaryrket kännetecknas av livslånga kvalificeringsprocesser. De visar sig stark exkluderande över tid. Relationen mellan högre utbildning och arbetet diskuteras vidare i avhandlingen genom människors levnadsbanor och i termer av såväl formbara som hållbara liv.The focus of this thesis is the formation of knowledge and professional identification through physicians’ and engineers’ education and work – life-trajectories are the frame of interpretation. The aim is to describe and interpret the relationship between higher education and work, partly by studying ideas in research and educational policy, partly by people’s subjectivity, experiences and everyday life. This study is based on text analysis and interviews with physicians and engineers. The characteristic of this study is that processes are described and interpreted through a longitudinal design. The theoretical framework is built up by three interrelated themes: knowledge and dynamics in contemporary society; higher education and work; the reflexivity of the individuals. An overarching interpretive approach is applied, and the concepts of flexibility, stability and ambivalence are used dialectically in the analysis of empirical data. The study indicates interplay between subjectivity, everyday life experiences and conditions in different practices. The informants’ educational and career choice can be understood as expressions of reflexive life-projects or as subjective dynamics. Becoming an engineer or physician stand out as substantially different processes. The engineers in information technology are becoming generalists and are “playing the game with a safe hand”, while the physicians becoming characters and are “playing the game with oneself as stake”. At work the engineers are using their title as a flexible strategy – identification is confined to place of work, occupation and working hours. The physicians’ identification with their profession is a fixed state of mind – they are always physicians, even in their leisure time – the profession is associated with their personality. The results indicate that both engineers and physicians careers can be characterised by life-long qualification. It appears as a strongly excluding factor. The relationship between higher education and work is discussed as life-trajectories and in terms of formable and sustainable life

The Fourth Trimester

This Article introduces a new conceptual framework to the legal literature on pregnancy and pregnancy discrimination: the fourth trimester. The concept of a fourth trimester, drawn from maternal nursing and midwifery, refers to the crucial three to six month period after birth when many of the physical, psychological, emotional, and social effects of pregnancy continue. Giving this concept legal relevance extends the scope of pregnancy beyond the narrow period defined by conception, gestation, and birth and acknowledges that pregnancy is a relational process, not an individual event. In the United States, however, antidiscrimination law has failed to acknowledge the demands of the fourth trimester; it operates from the presumption that pregnancy begins at conception and ends at birth. Without employing a fourth trimester framework, the current federal antidiscrimination regime will continue to permit pregnancy discrimination against women because employers can discriminate on the basis of activities that typify the fourth trimester of the pregnancy. Judges, administrative actors, movement lawyers, and other policy makers should recognize that the law should prohibit discrimination on the basis of fourth trimester activities like breastfeeding, caring for newborn infants, or recovery. As a matter of law and policy, discrimination arising from these activities during the fourth trimester should be regarded as pregnancy discrimination

The Implementation of Uti Possidetis Principle in Determining Land Border Pole Point Between Indonesia and Malaysia

In the era of independence, Indonesian territory covered all the former Dutch’s colony territory. The new state territory, which was based on the historical fact, is known as the uti possidetis principle. In the practical implementation, this concept is not problematic, especially in the border delimitation process. This article attempts to analyze the border demarcation mechanism between Indonesia and Malaysia land border. Furthermore, this article also attempts to discover the border demarcation impact to the state’s sovereignty in general and its impact to the local people mobility. The last, this article also attempts to know the border dispute settlement chosen by both Indonesia and Malaysia

Challenges for Teacher Profession in Contemporary Indonesia: A Regulatory Analysis

The Indonesian government shows the commitment to include teachers as a noble profession by enacting the Act on Teacher and Lecturer in 2014. This Act outlines and protects the teaching profession so that teachers are expected to be able to work safely and comfortably in carrying out their professional duties. However, the way to strengthen this teacher profession does not respond to many cases resulting in teacher insecurity and discomfort in carrying out the profession. Teachers often experience various considerable threats of violence and intimidation from students, parents, and community members. This paper will discuss the legal protection for teachers in carrying out their profession. The discussion includes the factors that often cause teachers to face criminal limits and strengthen legal protection for teachers in carrying out their noble profession. KEYWORDS: Legal Protection, Education, Teacher Profession

The Fourth Trimester

This Article introduces a new conceptual framework to the legal literature on pregnancy and pregnancy discrimination: the fourth trimester. The concept of a fourth trimester, drawn from maternal nursing and midwifery, refers to the crucial three to six month period after birth when many of the physical, psychological, emotional, and social effects of pregnancy continue. Giving this concept legal relevance extends the scope of pregnancy beyond the narrow period defined by conception, gestation, and birth and acknowledges that pregnancy is a relational process, not an individual event. In the United States, however, antidiscrimination law has failed to acknowledge the demands of the fourth trimester; it operates from the presumption that pregnancy begins at conception and ends at birth. Without employing a fourth trimester framework, the current federal antidiscrimination regime will continue to permit pregnancy discrimination against women because employers can discriminate on the basis of activities that typify the fourth trimester of the pregnancy. Judges, administrative actors, movement lawyers, and other policy makers should recognize that the law should prohibit discrimination on the basis of fourth trimester activities like breastfeeding, caring for newborn infants, or recovery. As a matter of law and policy, discrimination arising from these activities during the fourth trimester should be regarded as pregnancy discrimination

Pelaksanaan Asas Uti Possidetis dalam Penentuan Titik Patok Perbatasan Darat Indonesia dengan Malaysia

In the era of independence, Indonesian territory covered all the former Dutch’s colony territory. The new state territory, which was based on historical fact, is known with the uti possidetis principle. In the practical implementation, this concept is not problematic, especially in the border delimitation process. This article attempts to analyze the border demarcation mechanism between Indonesia and Malaysia land border. Further, this article also attempts to discover the border demarcation impact to the state’s sovereignty in general and its impact to the local people mobility. The last, this article also attempts to know the border dispute settlement chosen by both Indonesia and Malaysia

‘Participatory’ Pedagogical Approach in Teaching and Learning for Sustainable Educational Goals

Effective Teaching and Learning largely depends on the pedagogical approaches that one used in the classrooms The pedagogical approach to be used often depends on the teachers mastery over the contents knowledge and skills To understand the diverse needs of different learners in the classroom the diversification is required In general the best teachers believe in the capacity of their students to learn and carefully utilize a range of pedagogical approaches to ensure this learning occurs as per their needs The need to design develop and implement kind of pedagogical approach to encompass better instruction is absolutely basic need The present study is an attempt to bring into lime light of one such approach which will truly help in building constructive creative ideas and connect the education acquired for sustainable educational goals Participative pedagogical approach in teaching is such approaches that are informative and helps focused on encouraging students to become actively involved in learning process raise students awareness and sense of responsibility about their educational experience This paper is articulated in theoretical perspectives taking into account secondary sources like articles periodicals books journal

Migrasi Penduduk Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Hankam Di Wilayah Perbatasan Kalbar-serawak, Malaysia

The existence of the border society is part of the indicators of the state sovereignty. In the last 15years, the amount of the border society in West Kalimantan decreased. This is because of some of them are migrate to Sarawak. The border society migration was conducted through some ways, such as; married, birth, andasa labour. Among these migration patterns, a married and birth are most favourable. Looked from its region, the closest distance to Sarawak are the most migration supplier. And also the lost of economic region tends to supply the migration such as Sanggau, Ketunga Hulu, Aruk and some from Kapuas Huiu. By decreasing the amount of border society, it will influence to the border security. Because they most understand the border sign, illegal streets across the border while the ability of government to prepare army for guarding border is not comparable with the long of border which is reach 2004 km in lengt