Applying organisational theory to isolated, confined and extreme settings

Research on person–environment fit theory has largely developed within the context of people and organisations in urban settings. There has been little research of this kind within organisations in isolated and confined contexts. The purpose of this article was to examine the implications of person–environment fit theory within the context of the complementary fit and supplementary fit paradigm (Muchinsky & Monahan, 1987), for people working in isolated and remote organisational settings. Using a sample of Antarctic personnel, this study examined the extent to which psychological need fulfilment and subjective fit with Antarctic station culture were equally important in predicting individual attitudes, including satisfaction with being an expedition member, intent to return and willingness to recommend the Antarctic to others. Results showed that gender and subjective fit with Antarctic station culture predicted satisfaction with station membership. Results also showed that subjective fit predicted willingness to recommend the Antarctic as a good place to work, while psychological need fulfilment was not a predictor of any of the outcome variables examined. Results suggest that outcomes such as intention to return (or to stay) may be less relevant in such settings because of the unique and temporary nature of the experience and the work. Results also attest to the need for further development of organisational theories, including person–environment fit theory, using data collected from organisations in isolated, confined and extreme environmental contexts.Aspa Sarri

Subtle infective endocarditis and congenital cardiac disease

Congenital cardiac disease is recognized as a major predisposing substrate for infective endocarditis. We present three cases of unanticipated intraoperative discovery of vegetations in patients with congenital cardiac malformations without preoperative clinical, laboratory or echocardiographic evidence of infective endocarditis, and their successful treatment. The relevant literature is reviewed, with emphasis of the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of endocarditis during repair of congenital cardiac lesions. © Cambridge University Press

Performing modified fontan before six years of age leads to superior long-term exercise capacity

We investigated the influence of age at Fontan completion on the exercise capacity of patients who underwent a Fontan operation. Our study demonstrated that age at the time of the Fontan operation significantly affects the peak oxygen consumption at mid-term follow up and that exercise capacity is superior in patients who have undergone Fontan completion at an earlier age. These findings provide support for recommendations to perform Fontan completion procedures relatively early. © 2020 Hellenic Society of Cardiolog

Surgery for anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries: a multicentre study from the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association

OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe early and late outcomes in a large surgical series of patients with anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries.METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicentre study including surgical patients with anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries since 1991. Patients with isolated high coronary takeoff and associated major congenital heart disease were excluded.RESULTS: We collected 156 surgical patients (median age 39.5 years, interquartile range 15-53) affected by anomalous right (67.9%), anomalous left (22.4%) and other anatomical abnormalities (9.6%). An interarterial course occurred in 86.5%, an intramural course in 62.8% and symptoms in 85.9%. The operations included coronary unroofing (56.4%), reimplantation (19.2%), coronary bypass graft (15.4%) and other (9.0%). Two patients with preoperative cardiac failure died postoperatively (1.3%). All survivors were discharged home in good clinical condition. At a median follow-up of 2 years (interquartile range 1-5, 88.5% complete), there were 3 deaths (2.2%), 9 reinterventions in 8 patients (5 interventional, 3 surgical); 91.2% are in New York Heart Association functional class <= II, but symptoms persisted in 14.2%; 48.1% of them returned to sport activity. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, event-free survival at follow-up was 74.6%. Morbidity was not significantly different among age classes, anatomical variants and types of surgical procedures. Furthermore, return to sport activity was significantly higher in younger patients who participated in sports preoperatively.CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries is effective and has few complications. Unroofing and coronary reimplantation are safe and are the most common procedures. The occurrence of late adverse events is not negligible, and long-term surveillance is mandatory. Most young athletes can return to an unrestrained lifestyle.Thoracic Surger

Surgical Management of Aorto-Ventricular Tunnel. A Multicenter Study

Aorto-ventricular tunnel (AoVT), a rare congenital anomaly, is a channel originating in the ascending aorta just above the sinotubular junction and leading to the cavity of the left ventricle (AoLVT), or, rarely, the right (AoRVT). This study reviews our collective 30-year experience with the surgical treatment of AoVT. Data were submitted by 15 participating centers on 42 patients who underwent correction of AoVT between 1987 and 2018. Of these, 36 had AoLVT, and 6 AoRVT. The tunnel originated above the right coronary sinus in 28 (77.8%) patients. For AoLVT, most operations were performed early (median age 25 days, range: 1 day\u201325 years). In contrast, AoRVT was diagnosed and repaired later (median age 6 years, range: 1 month\u201312 years). Surgically important coronary ostial displacement was common. Patch closure of the aortic orifice only was the commonest surgical repair for AoLVT (23 patients), while in AoRVT, both orifices or only the ventricular one was closed. Aortic valvar insufficiency, severe or moderate, coexisted in 11 (30.5%) patients with AoLVT, and aortic valvuloplasty was performed in 8, mainly due to aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valvar insufficiency at discharge ranged from trivial to mild in almost all patients. Early mortality was 7.14%, with 3 patients with AoLVT succumbing to cardiac failure. There were 2 early reoperations and 1 late death. AoVT is a rare malformation. AoLVT usually necessitates surgery in early life. AoRVT is rarer, diagnosed and repaired later in life. Surgical repair by patch closure, with concomitant aortic valve repair as needed, is associated with good results

History of the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: The First Decade

The World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery (WSPCHS) is the largest professional organization in the world dedicated to pediatric and congenital heart surgery. The purpose of this article is to document the first decade of the history of WSPCHS from its formation in 2006, to summarize the current status of WSPCHS, and to consider the future of WSPCHS. The WSPCHS was incorporated in Canada on April 7, 2011, with a head office in Montreal, Canada. The vision of the WSPCHS is that every child born anywhere in the world with a congenital heart defect should have access to appropriate medical and surgical care. The mission of the WSPCHS is to promote the highest quality comprehensive cardiac care to all patients with congenital heart disease, from the fetus to the adult, regardless of the patient's economic means, with an emphasis on excellence in teaching, research, and community service

History of the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: The First Decade

The World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery (WSPCHS) is the largest professional organization in the world dedicated to pediatric and congenital heart surgery. The purpose of this article is to document the first decade of the history of WSPCHS from its formation in 2006, to summarize the current status of WSPCHS, and to consider the future of WSPCHS. The WSPCHS was incorporated in Canada on April 7, 2011, with a head office in Montreal, Canada. The vision of the WSPCHS is that every child born anywhere in the world with a congenital heart defect should have access to appropriate medical and surgical care. The mission of the WSPCHS is to promote the highest quality comprehensive cardiac care to all patients with congenital heart disease, from the fetus to the adult, regardless of the patient's economic means, with an emphasis on excellence in teaching, research, and community service