Towards Constructing Corpus of Punjabi N-grams Written in Gurmukhi Script

The availability of a robust corpus is crucial for developing linguistic resources. For the Punjabi language, written in the Gurmukhi script, the scarcity of such a resource hinders the validation of various natural language processing (NLP) techniques. This paper addresses this gap by presenting the creation of a comprehensive corpus for Punjabi in Gurmukhi. The corpus, with approximately 23 million words drawn from diverse published materials, serves as a valuable foundation for NLP research. Additionally, the paper describes a dedicated corpus processing tool designed specifically for Punjabi. This tool employs a novel method for constructing word, bigram, and trigram levels of the corpus, applicable for building such resources for any script. As a demonstration, we showcase a generated dataset composed of approximately 15.5 million Punjabi words and 50 million character

Flow of an Incompressible Second-Order Fluid Past a Sphere

The steady axisymmetric flow of an incompressible second-order fluid past a sphere at rest is considered by the method of Blasius with a potential flow in the main stream. The first four terms of the series are obtained by Meksyn's method. The position of the separation ring is calculated for various values of the second-order parameters. The position of the separation ring for the Newtonian case agrees very nearly with that obtained by Schlichting who used exact values of the first four terms of the series. The effect of second-order parameters on the position of the separation ring is to advance it towards the forward stagnation point

Another method to maintain positive-pressure ventilation through the Montgomery® T tube

We describe airway management in a patient who had a Montgomery® T tube in situ. The main concern pertaining to these patients is the inadequate depth of anaesthesia and ventilation, in view of loss of volume of air and gases, as well as dilution through the proximal end of the Montgomery®  T tube. To circumvent these problems, we describe another method of providing ventilation, through the extraluminal horizontal limb of the Montgomery®  T tube by introducing an uncuffed endotracheal tube and minimising the loss of carrier gases to the larynx, together with a review of literature for the same.Keywords: Montgomery® T tube, positive-pressure ventilationSouth Afr J Anaesth Analg 2013;19(5):274-27

Emozioak Juan Kruz Igerabideren literaturan: Hamabi galdera pianoari

[ES] El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en analizar las emociones en la literatura juvenil, más concretamente en el libro Hamabi galdera pianoari (1999) de Juan Kruz Igerabide. Para ello, primero se ha confeccionado un marco teórico sobre las emociones, la educación emocional, su presencia en el currículum y en la literatura, y finalmente, sobre la tertulia-literaria dialógica. A continuación, se han analizado las emociones en la novela mencionada siguiendo la clasificación desde el punto de vista pedagógico que plantea Rafael Bisquerra (2009). Finalmente, se hace una propuesta de una tertulia dialógica dirigida a niños y niñas de segundo ciclo de educación primaria.[EUS] Lan honen helburu nagusia emozioak gazte literaturan aztertzea da, hain zuzen ere Juan Kruz Igerabide-ren Hamabi galdera pianoari (1999) liburuan. Horretarako, lehenengo, emozioei, hezkuntza emozionalari, curriculumean eta literaturan emozioen adierazpenari eta azkenik, tertulia-literario dialogikoari buruzko marko teorikoa gauzatu da. Ondoren, aipatutako nobelaren emozioak aztertu dira Rafael Bisquerra-k (2009) proposatutako ikuspuntu pedagogikoa duen emozioen sailkapena jarraituz. Bukatzeko, lehen hezkuntzako bigarren zikloko ikasleei zuzenduta dagoen tertulia dialogikoaren proposamena egin da.[EN] The main purpose of this work is to study emotions in youth literature, specifically in Juan Kruz Igerabide's Hamabi galdera pianoari (1999) book. For this purpose a theoretical framework about emotion, emotional education, expression of emotions in curriculum and literature, and finally, for the dialogical literature of tertulia has been realized. The emotions of the novel mentioned have been discussed following the classification of the emotions from the pedagogical point of view proposed by Rafael Bisquerra (2009). Finally, a proposal is made for dialogical tertulia aimed at students in the second cycle of primary school

Implementasi Kebijakan Corporate Social Responsibility pada PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada di Desa Kawasi Kecamatan Obi Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan

PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada is located in the village Kawasi District of Obi South Halmahera Regency is a nickel mining company is also in addition to seeking profits are also trying to implement corporate social responsibiliti so that in addition to increasing the sompany's image better in view Stakehoulders also increase the company's role in improving the welfare and social responsibility enviromental the people around and the people in North Maluku,as it has been in good mandated in Law No.4 of 2009 on mining minerals,article 1 paragraph 3 of Law No.40 of 2007 a limited liability company. The purpose of this study was to analyze the policy implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada in the Village Kawasi Obi District of South Halmahera Regency. The research found that the application of CSR implementation is based on the Memorandum of Agreement between the management of PT. Trimegah Bangun Persada South Halmahera District Government and Rural Society Kawasi which resulted in a 9-point agreement has been implemented as a CSR program. Models or patterns of CSR adopted by the company in the form of direct involvement. The motive for companies to implement CSR is a profit motive, the community, and the environment. CSR implementation benefits include: improving public welfare, environmental protection, community development, rural development as well as the nation

Uncertainty and detection limits of Pu-241 determination by liquid scintillation counting (LSC)

[EN]Determination of Pu-241 is an essential issue for radiation protection, as it is the precursor of some nuclides with high radiotoxicity. Pu-241 is a low energy beta emitter, which makes its measurement more challenging than that of Pu alpha emitters. The most widely used method for the measurement of Pu-241 is liquid scintillation counting (LSC). In this method, the assessment of Pu radiochemical yield is done by measuring the sample by alpha spectrometry before being lixiviated and measured by LSC. This double measurement affects uncertainty analysis, as well as decision threshold and detection limit, considering that both components of the total yield (radiochemical and lixiviation) should be contemplated. In this paper, and for quality assurance (QA) purposes, in-depth uncertainty and detection limit formulae for the proposed method, controlling correlations and considering all the parameters involved including chemical and lixiviation yields, have been developed. A sensitivity analysis of the uncertainty budget together with an assessment of Pu-242 tracer quantity to be used, ensuring a total yield of at least 50% and a relative uncertainty of the leaching yield of at most 5%, have been carried out. In addition, an analysis of the impact of the real lixiviation yield value and its uncertainty on the results has been done. As a general conclusion, and considering the values of the parameters chosen for this work (samples of 1 g measured for 24 h by LSC), the Pu-241 uncertainties range from 5% to 30% depending on the activity concentration values and the detection limits range from 14 to 30 Bq kg(-1), depending on yield values. The main components of the uncertainty budget are the net Pu-241 and background counts obtained in the LSC measurement for low contaminated samples while this is the case for the alpha gross count rate in LSC measurement of the alpha calibration source for highly contaminated samples. In addition, an analysis of possible interference by Pu alpha emitters in the Pu-241 signal and a comparison of quench standard curves of H-3 and Pu-241 are also performed.Open Access funding provided by University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU

Selectivity analysis of 99Tc determination by LSC in the field of nuclear decommissioning

In this work, two Tc radiochemical isolation methods—a conventional method by Triskem TEVA ® resin and a rapid method by Empore™ Tc Rad Disk—are compared in the field of nuclear decommissioning and 99Tc assessment. The conventional method results more selective than the rapid one, being able to remove almost 100% of the main radiological interferers with the exception of the 90Y; however, the rapid method obtains higher chemical yields (97% vs. 80%) and slightly lower detection limits (0.025 Bq vs. 0.030 Bq) than the conventional. Both methods are similar with regards to equipment and reagent costs.We would like to acknowledge the Open Access funding provided by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU

Radiological environmental monitoring of groundwater around NPP: A proposal for its assessment

Whether a nuclear installation has radiological impact and, in that case, its extension, are the questions behind any environmental analysis of the installation along its operational life. This analysis is based on the detailed establishment of the radiological background of the area. Accordingly, the dismantling and decommissioning process (D&D) of a nuclear power plant starts with a radiological monitoring plan, which includes the radiological characterization of the area and of its surroundings. At the completion of the D&D, unrestricted use for the site will be permitted strictly in accordance with results of the radiological survey within the limits established by the local authorities. Groundwater quality is typically included in any radiological analysis since, among other reasons, a significant part of it is highly likely to end up being extracted for domestic use and hence, human consumption. While there is no regulation containing maximum activity concentration or radionuclide guidance values for water that may be destined for uses other than public consumption, if groundwater is considered a “part” of the land, dose criteria for site release can be applied. Therefore, together with the guidance levels to be established for the different radionuclides expected in the groundwater, the detection limits to be employed when performing routine radio analytical characterization procedures in the laboratory should also be provided. In this paper, we first propose a relation of the potential radionuclides to be analyzed in groundwater, together with their detection limits to be achieved when the determinations are performed in a laboratory, and subsequently, we discuss the most suitable analytical methodologies and resources that would be necessary to undertake radiological characterization plans from a practical point of view

Validation and implementation of a method for 226Ra determination by using LSC

A co-precipitation method followed by a liquid–liquid extraction and liquid scintillation counting is validated by applying it to five different types of matrices. In order to test the applicability of the method, complex matrices are selected. This paper shows the implementation and the results of the validation of the method