563 research outputs found
Lyman Alpha Emitter Evolution in the Reionization Epoch
Combining cosmological SPH simulations with a previously developed Lyman
Alpha production/transmission model and the Early Reionization Model (ERM,
reionization ends at redshift z~7), we obtain Lyman Alpha and UV Luminosity
Functions (LFs) for Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs) for redshifts between 5.7 and
7.6. Matching model results to observations at z~5.7 requires escape fractions
of Lyman Alpha, f_alpha=0.3, and UV (non-ionizing) continuum photons, f_c=0.22,
corresponding to a color excess, E(B-V)=0.15. We find that (i) f_c increases
towards higher redshifts, due the decreasing mean dust content of galaxies,
(ii) the evolution of f_alpha/f_c hints at the dust content of the ISM becoming
progressively inhomogeneous/clumped with decreasing redshift. The clustering
photoionization boost is important during the initial reionization phases but
has little effect on the Lyman Alpha LF for a highly ionized IGM. Halo
(stellar) masses are in the range 10.0 < \log M_h < 11.8 (8.1 < \log M_* <
10.4) with M_h \propto M_*^{0.64}. The star formation rates are between 3-120
solar masses per year, mass-weighted mean ages are greater than 20 Myr at all
redshifts, while the mean stellar metallicity increases from Z=0.12 to 0.22
solar metallicity from z~7.6 to z~5.7; both age and metallicity positively
correlate with stellar mass. The brightest LAEs are all characterized by large
star formation rates and intermediate ages (~200 Myr), while objects in the
faint end of the Lyman Alpha LF show large age and star formation rate spreads.
With no more free parameters, the Spectral Energy Distributions of three LAE at
z~5.7 observed by Lai et al. (2007) are well reproduced by an intermediate age
(182-220 Myr) stellar population and the above E(B-V) value.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRA
Stellar Mass to Halo Mass Scaling Relation for X-ray Selected Low Mass Galaxy Clusters and Groups out to Redshift
We present the stellar mass-halo mass scaling relation for 46 X-ray selected
low-mass clusters or groups detected in the XMM-BCS survey with masses
at
redshift . The cluster binding masses are inferred
from the measured X-ray luminosities \Lx, while the stellar masses
of the galaxy populations are estimated using near-infrared imaging from the
SSDF survey and optical imaging from the BCS survey. With the measured \Lx\ and
stellar mass , we determine the best fit stellar mass-halo mass
relation, accounting for selection effects, measurement uncertainties and the
intrinsic scatter in the scaling relation. The resulting mass trend is
, the intrinsic (log-normal) scatter is
, and there is no
significant redshift trend , although
the uncertainties are still large. We also examine within a fixed
projected radius of ~Mpc, showing that it provides a cluster binding mass
proxy with intrinsic scatter of (1 in ). We
compare our scaling relation from the XMM-BCS
clusters with samples of massive, SZE-selected clusters
() and low mass NIR-selected clusters
() at redshift .
After correcting for the known mass measurement systematics in the compared
samples, we find that the scaling relation is in good agreement with the high
redshift samples, suggesting that for both groups and clusters the stellar
content of the galaxy populations within depends strongly on mass but
only weakly on redshift out to .Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Behavior in subcortical vascular dementia with sight pathologies: visual hallucinations as a consequence of precocious gait imbalance and institutionalization
Background: Subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD) is considered the most frequent dementia in old population, and it is due to a small vessel disease. It has a very specific nosography, where the dominant factors are dysexecutive functions, depression, and apathy. Very few studies described visual hallucinations in sVAD, apart from in the final stages of it. Methods: This study recruited 577 patients with a diagnosis of sVAD associated with major ocular pathologies and 1118 patients with sVAD without any significant ocular pathology: Patients were followed up for 24 months. We studied the influence of ocular pathologies in precocious visual hallucinations, on behavior disorder (aggressiveness), and gait disorders (instability, fells). We registered the necessity of neuropsychiatric therapies, incidence of hospitalization, and institutionalization. Results: What emerges from our study is that the ocular comorbidities might change the behavior profile of dementia, provoking behavioral alterations, and the need for therapies with adverse effects. As far as old age is a complicated status of life, many factors can modify its development. The possible contribution of multiple biological events cannot be neglected, particularly the underlying influence of chronic diseases as well as the geriatric conditions, per se, might compromise the cognitive functions and the pathological conditions. Ocular pathology as a superimposing event in sVAD might worse the outcome. A correct and rapid identification of critical patients might be relevant for the dynamic life events in these patients and their caregive
Technical note: Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to assess bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep
The aim of this study was to compare automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques to assess bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep. Sheep were fed 2 diets with 70% of either alfalfa hay or grass hay, and the solid (SOL) and liquid (LIQ) phases of the rumen were sampled immediately before feeding (0 h) and at 4 and 8 h postfeeding. Both techniques detected similar differences between forages, with alfalfa hay promoting greater (P 0.05) over the postfeeding period were detected by DGGE. The ARISA technique showed lower (P 0.05) in bacterial diversity between both rumen phases were detected by DGGE. Under the conditions of this study, the DGGE was not sensitive enough to detect some changes in ruminal bacterial communities, and therefore ARISA was considered more accurate for assessing bacterial diversity of ruminal samples. The results highlight the influence of the fingerprinting technique used to draw conclusions on factors affecting ruminal bacterial diversity
A Pilot Study on the Prevalence of Micronutrient Imbalances in a Dutch General Population Cohort and the Effects of a Digital Lifestyle Program
Maintaining an adequate micronutrient status can be achieved by following a complete, diverse diet. Yet, food trends in Western countries show suboptimal consumption of healthy nutrients. In this study, we explored the prevalence of vitamin and mineral imbalances in a general population cohort of Dutch adults and evaluated the effect of a digital lifestyle program on the nutritional status and nutrition health behaviors of these individuals. A micronutrient panel was measured in 348 participants, alongside a dietary assessment. One hundred users subsequently underwent a remeasurement. We identified at least one nutritional imbalance in 301 individuals (86.5%). A total of 80% improved and normalized B6, 67% improved folate, 70% improved B12, and 86% improved vitamin D. Iron abnormalities were corrected in 75% of the participants. In conclusion, this study found that micronutrient deficiencies of easily obtainable vitamins through diet or supplementation such as B vitamins and vitamin D were more prevalent than expected in a Dutch population. This can partly be explained by insufficient consumption of food groups rich in B vitamins. Our preliminary results in those remeasured after a digitally enabled lifestyle intervention show these imbalances can be corrected with adequate behavioral support complemented with supplementation where needed
The growth and assembly of a massive galaxy at z ~ 2
We study the stellar mass assembly of the Spiderweb Galaxy (MRC 1138-262), a
massive z = 2.2 radio galaxy in a protocluster and the probable progenitor of a
brightest cluster galaxy. Nearby protocluster galaxies are identified and their
properties are determined by fitting stellar population models to their
rest-frame ultraviolet to optical spectral energy distributions. We find that
within 150 kpc of the radio galaxy the stellar mass is centrally concentrated
in the radio galaxy, yet most of the dust-uncorrected, instantaneous star
formation occurs in the surrounding low-mass satellite galaxies. We predict
that most of the galaxies within 150 kpc of the radio galaxy will merge with
the central radio galaxy by z = 0, increasing its stellar mass by up to a
factor of ~ 2. However, it will take several hundred Myr for the first mergers
to occur, by which time the large star formation rates are likely to have
exhausted the gas reservoirs in the satellite galaxies. The tidal radii of the
satellite galaxies are small, suggesting that stars and gas are being stripped
and deposited at distances of tens of kpc from the central radio galaxy. These
stripped stars may become intracluster stars or form an extended stellar halo
around the radio galaxy, such as those observed around cD galaxies in cluster
cores.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for publication in MNRA
High Frequency Cluster Radio Galaxies: Luminosity Functions and Implications for SZE Selected Cluster Samples
We study the overdensity of point sources in the direction of X-ray-selected
galaxy clusters from the Meta-Catalog of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies
(MCXC; ) at South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Sydney
University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) frequencies. Flux densities at 95, 150
and 220 GHz are extracted from the 2500 deg SPT-SZ survey maps at the
locations of SUMSS sources, producing a multi-frequency catalog of radio
galaxies. In the direction of massive galaxy clusters, the radio galaxy flux
densities at 95 and 150 GHz are biased low by the cluster Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
Effect (SZE) signal, which is negative at these frequencies. We employ a
cluster SZE model to remove the expected flux bias and then study these
corrected source catalogs. We find that the high frequency radio galaxies are
centrally concentrated within the clusters and that their luminosity functions
(LFs) exhibit amplitudes that are characteristically an order of magnitude
lower than the cluster LF at 843 MHz. We use the 150 GHz LF to estimate the
impact of cluster radio galaxies on an SPT-SZ like survey. The radio galaxy
flux typically produces a small bias on the SZE signal and has negligible
impact on the observed scatter in the SZE mass-observable relation. If we
assume there is no redshift evolution in the radio galaxy LF then
percent of the clusters would be lost from the sample. Allowing for redshift
evolution of the form increases the incompleteness to
percent. Improved constraints on the evolution of the cluster radio galaxy LF
require a larger cluster sample extending to higher redshift.Comment: Submitted to MNRA
Resistance to Cyp3a induction by polychlorinated biphenyls, including non-dioxin-like PCB153, in gills of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from New Bedford Harbor
© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Celander, M. C., Goldstone, J. V., Brun, N. R., Clark, B., Jayaraman, S., Nacci, D., & Stegeman, J. J. Resistance to Cyp3a induction by polychlorinated biphenyls, including non-dioxin-like PCB153, in gills of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from New Bedford Harbor. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 83, (2021): 103580. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103580.Previous reports suggested that non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCB153 effects on cytochrome P450 3A (Cyp3a) expression in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) gills differed between F0 generation fish from a PCB site (New Bedford Harbor; NBH) and a reference site (Scorton Creek; SC). Here, we examined effects of PCB153, dioxin-like (DL) PCB126, or a mixture of both, on Cyp3a56 mRNA in killifish generations removed from the wild, without environmental PCB exposures. PCB126 effects in liver and gills differed between populations, as expected. Gill Cyp3a56 was not affected by either congener in NBH F2 generation fish, but was induced by PCB153 in SC F1 fish, with females showing a greater response. PCB153 did not affect Cyp3a56 in liver of either population. Results suggest a heritable resistance to NDL-PCBs in killifish from NBH, in addition to that reported for DL PCBs. Induction of Cyp3a56 in gills may be a biomarker of exposure to NDL PCBs in fish populations that are not resistant to PCBs.This study was supported by the sabbatical program from the Faculty of Science at the University of Gothenburg (MC), and by the Swiss National Science Foundation P2EZP2-165200 (NRB). The study was supported in part by the Superfund Hazardous Substances Research Program at Boston University NIH P42ES007381 (JVG, JJS). This research was also funded partly by the US Environmental Protection Agency (SJ, DN), including an appointment (BC) with the Postdoctoral Research Program at the US Environmental Protection (US-EPA) Office of Research and Development administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), through Interagency Agreement No. DW92429801 between the US Department of Energy and the US-EPA. The contents do not reflect the views of the US-EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US-EPA. We thank Rene Francolini at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutions for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Sibel Karchner and Dr. Mark Hahn at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutions for valuable discussions and comments on the manuscript
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