Una agenda Legislativa regresiva en 2020

A regressive legislative agenda in 202

Gestión de riesgo de desastres en la educación de negocios- marcando las pautas

Looking for windows of opportunity to mainstream disaster risk management within business education, in 2015, the United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction’s (UNISDR) Private Alliance for Disaster Resilient Societies (arise), partnered with Florida International University’s Extreme Events Institute (FIU-EEI) and 12 international leading business schools.  This partnership began with a call for White Papers to propose innovative approaches to integrate cutting edge disaster management content into business education programs and other academic offerings, based on seven themes or niches identified: (1) Strategic Investment and Financial Decisions; (2) Generating Business Value; (3) Sustainable Management; (4) Business Ethics and Social Responsibility; (5) Business Continuity Planning; (6) Disaster Risk Metrics; and (7) Risk Transfer.  In March 2016, an international workshop was held in Toronto, Canada to present the White Papers prepared by the business schools, and discuss the most appropriate approaches for addressing the areas of: teaching and curriculum; professional development and extension programs; internships and placement; research opportunities; and partnerships and collaboration.  Finally, the group proposed goals for advancing the implementation phase of the business education initiatives, and to propose mechanisms for monitoring and follow-up.En la búsqueda de ventanas de oportunidad para incorporar la gestión del riesgo de desastres en la educación de negocios, en el año 2015, la Alianza del Sector Privado para Inversiones Sensibles al Riesgo (ARISE) de la Estrategia Internacional para la Reducción de Desastres de las Naciones Unidas (UNISDR), en asocio con el Instituto de Eventos Extremos de la Florida International University Florida International University (FIU-EEI) y 12 importantes escuelas internacionales de negocios. Esta alianza comenzó con una convocatoria de libro blancos (White Papers) para proponer enfoques innovadores para integrar contenido de vanguardia de gestión del riesgo de desastres a los programas de educación de negocios y demás ofertas académicas, basadas en siete temas o nichos identificados: (1) Inversión Estratégica y Decisiones Financieras; (2) Generación de Valor de Negocio; (3) Gestión Sostenible; (4) Ética en los Negocios y Responsabilidad Social; (5) Planeación de la Continuidad de Negocio; (6) Métricas del Riesgo de Desastre; y (7) Transferencia de Riesgo. En marzo de 2016, se realizó un taller internacional en Toronto, Canadá para la presentación de los libros blancos preparados por las escuelas de negocios, y discutir los enfoques más apropiados para abordar áreas de: enseñanza y currículo; desarrollo profesional y extensión de programas; pasantías y colocaciones; oportunidades de investigación; y alianzas y colaboraciones. Finalmente, el grupo propuso metas para avanzar en la fase de implementación de las iniciativas de las escuelas de negocios y para proponer mecanismos para su monitoreo y seguimiento

Challenges of the Transitional Justice in the Periphery: Lessons from Nueva Venecia Slaughter

In 2005 the government of Álvaro Uribe approved the Justice and Peace Law (no 975/2005) and 40 additional laws intended to achieve the demobilization of armed groups outside the law in Colombia, but only the violent right-wing groups called autodefensas were demobilized. This law, which aimed to reintegrate members of outlawed armed groups into civilian life, introduced “alternative sanctions” and gave to the autodefensas’ counterinsurgency a political nature. This paper argues that, despite the development of many legal instruments concerning the rights of victims and transitional justice, the Colombian state has failed to repair and restore the dignity of the population under study.Em 2005, o governo de Álvaro Uribe aprovou a Lei de Justiça e Paz (no 975/2005) e 40 leis adicionais para desmobilizar grupos armados fora da lei atuando na Colômbia, mas apenas as autodefensas, grupos violentos de direita, foram desmobilizadas. Essa lei, que visava reintegrar membros de grupos armados fora da lei à vida civil, estabeleceu “sanções alternativas” e conferiu à contrainsurgência das autodefensas uma natureza política. Desafios da justiça transicional na periferia: Lições do massacre de Nueva Venecia argumenta que, apesar do desenvolvimento de instrumentos legais relacionados aos direitos das vítimas e à justiça transicional, o Estado colombiano não conseguiu reparar e restaurar a dignidade da população estudada

Hacia la constitucionalización del precedente judicial en Colombia, ¿un esfuerzo por controlar a las fuentes del derecho?

El activismo judicial y la creación derivada del derecho han situado al precedentecomo fuente de derecho, algunas veces, fuente principal para la práctica jurídica. En realidad, se argumenta, el constituyente derivado parecería llegar tarde a lainstitucionalización del precedente como fuente principal de derecho. El juez colombiano no ha sido neófito en la creación de normas jurídicas por medio de la cosa juzgada implícita. Por ello, se explorará cuál ha sido el recorrido, en lapráctica colombiana, de la reforma constitucional dirigida a regular los efectos relativos de la producción jurisprudencial

Efficiency of Bolivian Hydrocarbon Resource Development: Case Study of a Mega-Field in the Context of Regional Markets and Policy Framework Incentives

Bolivia is a producer and the main exporter of natural gas in the South American market. The role of Bolivia as a natural gas provider to Brazil and Argentina has recently been put into question. Lagging investments in exploration, partially caused by the hydrocarbon fiscal regime changes that favor the government, has resulted in no major discoveries in the past decade. Current reserves and production are concentrated in three gas-condensate naturally fractured mega-fields in the Southern Sub-Andean province, with two of them producing for more than 15 years. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of the past legislation modifications on the allocation of cash flow streams to the government and the contractor, and evaluate the feasibility of future drilling activities in a representative mega-field under the 2015 Hydrocarbon Incentives Law that aims to prevent the looming natural gas supply and demand gap. A review of the profitability of Bolivia’s current hydrocarbon extraction arrangements is useful in order to be able to forecast likely future revenue streams. This study briefly outlines the development of the regional gas trade and then proceeds to outline the architecture of the principal cash flows generated by the case study. The concurrent profitability of existing field operations is analyzed from the perspective of both the operator and the state with a range of outcomes depending on a sensitivity analysis of the regional gas price development, under various fiscal regimes and contractual arrangements. The actual optimum rate of monetization of these remaining hydrocarbon reserves in Bolivia will be affected by a requirement of attractive return on investment considering various gas prices and demand scenarios, as determined by competitive shale gas development in Argentina, offshore gas in Brazil, and LNG imports

La circulación del conocimiento jurídico en la era digital

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Disater Risk Management Disparity in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados, Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago

This study on risk and disaster management capacities of four Caribbean countries: Barbados, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, examines three main dimensions: 1) the impact of natural disasters from 1900 to 2010 (number of events, number of people killed, total number affected, and damage in US$); 2) institutional assessments of disaster risk management disparity; and 3) the 2010 Inter-American Bank for Development (IADB) Disaster Risk and Risk Management indicators for the countries under study. The results show high consistency among the different sources examined, pointing out the need to extend the IADB measurements to the rest of the Caribbean countries. Indexes and indicators constitute a comparison measure vis-à-vis existing benchmarks in order to anticipate a capacity to deal with adverse events and their consequences; however, the indexes and indicators could only be tested against the occurrence of a real event. Therefore, the need exists to establish a sustainable and comprehensive evaluation system after important disasters to assess a country’s performance, verify the indicators, and gain feedback on measurement systems and methodologies. There is diversity in emergency and preparedness for disasters in the four countries under study. The nature of the event (hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and seismic activity), especially its frequency and the intensity of the damage experienced, is related to how each has designed its risk and disaster management policies and programs to face natural disasters. Vulnerabilities to disaster risks have been increasing, among other factors, because of uncontrolled urbanization, demographic density and poverty increase, social and economic marginalization, and lack of building code enforcement. The four countries under study have shown improvements in risk management capabilities, yet they are far from being completed prepared. Barbados’ risk management performance is superior, in comparison, to the majority of the countries of the region. However, is still far in achieving high performance levels and sustainability in risk management, primarily when it has the highest gap between potential macroeconomic and financial losses and the ability to face them. The Dominican Republic has shown steady risk performance up to 2008, but two remaining areas for improvement are hazard monitoring and early warning systems. Jamaica has made uneven advances between 1990 and 2008, requiring significant improvements to achieve high performance levels and sustainability in risk management, as well as macroeconomic mitigation infrastructure. Trinidad and Tobago has the lowest risk management score of the 15 countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region as assessed by the IADB study in 2010, yet it has experienced an important vulnerability reduction. In sum, the results confirmed the high disaster risk management disparity in the Caribbean region

Ex Ante Cost Benefit Analyses of Community-Based DRR Interventions in the Caribbean

This report presents a study on the cost benefit analyses (CBA) and cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) of community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) interventions in the Caribbean. The DRR interventions, implemented by the International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC), Port of Spain, in three Caribbean countries, Jamaica, Antigua & Barbuda, and Suriname, comprised the pilot phase of the Red Cross (RC) Project, Improving Climate Change Resilience of Caribbean Communities. This study is part of the endeavor by the DRR Program of Florida International University (FIU) and the United States Agency for International Development’s Office of the U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) to develop and foster DRR measures in the Latin American and Caribbean region since 2008.https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/drr_books/1000/thumbnail.jp