173 research outputs found
Penerapan Hukum Berbasis Hukum Progresif pada Pertambangan Batu Bara di Kalimantan Selatan
UU No. 4 year 2009 about Mineral and Coal Mine still felt by nonalignment at small people. where its negative impact exactly felt by environment and society. Inseparable coal mine with industrialization, while industrialization always need the source of nature which many. In development of natural resources such as those which happened in Indonesia, needed development of real correct natural resources without having to forced so that disregard negative impact of society and environment. For that, comprehending UU No.4 Year 2009 have to comprehend with substansive and progressive is objective for the prosperity of society without destroying environment. Study in law to mining of coal smolder in South Kalimantan can open knowledge forwards law to be developed for the purpose of more progressiv
Negative Correlation Between Economic Structure of Rentier State and Non-Democratization (Case Study: Saudi Arabia)
The Saudi Arabia having patrimonial government politically system and unique nature of power structure that all political affairs set in Ale Saudi dynasty. Government system is traditional and dependent to person and persons of dynasty are absolute rulers and away from criticism and ruler willing prefer to law. Despite of authoritarian and monarchy system and non-democracy development in Saudi Arabia special now that kind of government system isn’t acceptable side of dominant discourse of global community, this country could rely on oil produce regarding to rentier state features have active representation in international communities and too in home sue achievement to legitimacy and vindication. the interests of state-building and to reinforce its legitimacy, which is hardly the act of a state free of interests. Saudi Arabia is also an archetypal example of a state that still faces influence from actors within the state and elite structures, i.e. princes, senior officials, and clerics, among others. In this article analysis rentier state effect on non-democracy development in case study of the Saudi Arabia and research claim is that in nature of relations between rentier state and non-democracy development exist negative correlation. Namely whatever government income dependent to oil export and state economic nature has been independent from peoples, will be decrease from democratic charge in political dimension. This country by oil produce and effect to world powers economies cause that be complex government structure under monarchy system and use endowment of oil rent. Now observe modern dictatorship that despite of economic and social reforms side if internal, regional and international pressures in general dimension of society, will be non-democratic politically structure
Models for Light-Cone Meson Distribution Amplitudes
Leading-twist distribution amplitudes (DAs) of light mesons like pi,rho etc.
describe the leading nonperturbative hadronic contributions to exclusive QCD
reactions at large energy transfer, for instance electromagnetic form factors.
They also enter B decay amplitudes described in QCD factorisation, in
particular nonleptonic two-body decays. Being nonperturbative quantities, DAs
cannot be calculated from first principles, but have to be described by models.
Most models for DAs rely on a fixed order conformal expansion, which is
strictly valid for large factorisation scales, but not always sufficient in
phenomenological applications. We derive models for DAs that are valid to all
orders in the conformal expansion and characterised by a small number of
parameters which are related to experimental observables.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
A multiloop improvement of non-singlet QCD evolution equations
An approach is elaborated for calculation of "all loop" contributions to the
non-singlet evolution kernels from the diagrams with renormalon chain
insertions. Closed expressions are obtained for sums of contributions to
kernels for the DGLAP equation and for the "nonforward" ER-BL
equation from these diagrams that dominate for a large value of , the
first -function coefficient. Calculations are performed in the covariant
-gauge in a MS-like scheme. It is established that a special choice of the
gauge parameter generalizes the standard "naive nonabelianization"
approximation. The solutions are obtained to the ER-BL evolution equation
(taken at the "all loop" improved kernel), which are in form similar to
one-loop solutions. A consequence for QCD descriptions of hard processes and
the benefits and incompleteness of the approach are briefly discussed.Comment: 13 pages, revtex, 2 figures are enclosed as eps-file, the text style
and figures are corrected following version, accepted for publication to
Phys. Rev.
Superconformal constraints for QCD conformal anomalies
Anomalous superconformal Ward identities and commutator algebra in N = 1
super-Yang-Mills theory give rise to constraints between the QCD special
conformal anomalies of conformal composite operators. We evaluate the
superconformal anomalies that appear in the product of renormalized conformal
operators and the trace anomaly in the supersymmetric spinor current and check
the constraints at one-loop order. In this way we prove the universality of QCD
conformal anomalies, which define the non-diagonal part of the anomalous
dimension matrix responsible for scaling violations of exclusive QCD amplitudes
at the next-to-leading order.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figures, LaTe
Scheme dependence of NLO corrections to exclusive processes
We apply the so-called conformal subtraction scheme to predict perturbatively
exclusive processes beyond leading order. Taking into account evolution
effects, we study the scheme dependence for the photon-to-pion transition form
factor and the electromagnetic pion form factor at next-to-leading order for
different pion distribution amplitudes. Relying on the conformally covariant
operator product expansion and using the known higher order results for
polarized deep inelastic scattering, we are able to predict perturbative
corrections to the hard-scattering amplitude of the photon-to-pion transition
form factor beyond next-to-leading order in the conformal scheme restricted to
the conformal limit of the theory.Comment: RevTeX, 25 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables, minor changes, to be published
in Phys. Rev.
Complete next-to-leading order perturbative QCD prediction for the pion electromagnetic form factor
We present the results of a complete leading-twist next-to-leading order
(NLO) QCD analysis of the spacelike pion electromagnetic form factor at large
momentum transfer Q. We have studied their dependence on the form of the pion
distribution amplitude. For a given distribution amplitude, we have examined
the sensitivity of the predictions to the choice of the renormalization and
factorization scales. Theoretical uncertainty of the LO results related to the
renormalization scale ambiguity has been significantly reduced by including the
NLO corrections. Adopting the criteria according to which a NLO prediction is
considered reliable if, both, the ratio of the NLO to LO contributions and the
strong coupling constant are reasonably small, we find that reliable
perturbative predictions for the pion electromagnetic form factor with all
distribution amplitudes considered can already be made at a momentum transfer
Q<10 GeV, with corrections to the LO results being typically of the order of ~
20%. To check our predictions and to discriminate between the distribution
amplitudes, it is necessary to obtain experimental data extending to higher
values of Q.Comment: 39 pages, RevTex, 17 figures included; revised version (an error in
the analytical expression for T_H corrected, numerical results correspondigly
modified; presentation of the results modified to some extent and some points
discussed in more detail after referees reports
Exclusive processes in position space and the pion distribution amplitude
We suggest to carry out lattice calculations of current correlators in
position space, sandwiched between the vacuum and a hadron state (e.g. pion),
in order to access hadronic light-cone distribution amplitudes (DAs). In this
way the renormalization problem for composite lattice operators is avoided
altogether, and the connection to the DA is done using perturbation theory in
the continuum. As an example, the correlation function of two electromagnetic
currents is calculated to the next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in
perturbation theory and including the twist-4 corrections. We argue that this
strategy is fully competitive with direct lattice measurements of the moments
of the DA, defined as matrix elements of local operators, and offers new
insight in the space-time picture of hard exclusive reactions.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure
Formation of nanostructured surface layer, the white layer, through solid particles impingement during slurry erosion in a martensitic medium-carbon steel
The extremely altered topmost surface layer, known as the white layer, formed in a medium-carbon low-alloy steel as result of impacts by angular 10–12 mm granite particles during the slurry erosion process is comprehensively investigated. For this purpose, the characteristics, morphology, and formation mechanism of this white layer are described based on the microstructural observations using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopies as well as nanoindentation hardness measurements and modelling of surface deformation. The white layer exhibits a nanocrystalline structure consisting of ultrafine grains with an average size of 200 nm. It has a nanohardness level of around 10.1 GPa, considerably higher than that of untempered martensitic bulk material (5.7 GPa) achieved by an induction hardening treatment. The results showed that during the high-speed slurry erosion process, solid particle impacts brought forth conditions of high strain, high strain rate, and multi-directional strain paths. This promoted formation of a cell-type structure at first and later, after increasing the number of impacts, development of subgrains following by subgrain rotation and eventually formation of a nanocrystalline structure with ultra-high hardness. The model confirmed that high strain conditions - much higher than required for the onset of plastic deformation - can be achieved on the surface resulting in severe microstructural and property changes during the slurry erosion test.publishedVersionPeer reviewe
Investigating the Impact of Collagen-Chitosan Derived from Scomberomorus Guttatus and Shrimp Skin on Second-Degree Burn in Rats Model
Background: The present study focused on burning as one of the main causes of mortality with detrimental economic and social effects in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of collagen-chitosan gel extracted from Scomberomorus guttatus and shrimp skin in the treatment of second degree burn healing among rats. Materials & method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, chitosan and collagen were extracted respectively from shrimp and Scomberomorus guttatus skin waste by the acid-based method and were evaluated by using Pico Tag, SDS-PAGE. The burn wound healing efficiency of marine collagen-chitosan gel was examined in vivo using rats. Three different ratios of collagen and chitosan blend (Col-CH, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were prepared to obtain the most effective Col-CH gel for burn wound healing and were compared to the animals treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment. Healing burn wound was studied by measuring wound surface area with Image J and histopathologic examination was carried out based on the mean of epithelialization, fibroblastic cells, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, structure collagen and the amount of collagen on days 15 and 25 post-burn. Results: The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that the extracted collagen was type I and it was composed of two α (α1 and α2) chains. Amino acid analysis showed a much higher glaycin content in extracted collagen which amounted to one-third of the total amino. The wound surface measurement showed a significant reduction in wound size in the group treated with Col-CH (3:1) compared to silver-sulfadiazine treated group on 15th and 25th days. Histopathological findings represented a high score in epithelialization, collagen, collagen structure, fibroblast cell and a decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration in Col-CH (3:1) treated group on 25th day. The most obvious finding of the present study is that chitosan-collagen gel (3:1) represented a better efficacy compared to sulfadiazine in burn wound healing on day 25 post-burn. © 2021 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicin
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