Analysis of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Cocoa Hybrids (Theobroma Cacao L.) Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot

Phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction was able to influence the stability performance of cocoa resistance to Phytophthora pod rot (PPR). This research had an objective to evaluate the effect of genotype by environment interaction on resistance of cocoa hybrids to PPR. The tested hybrids were F1 crosses between selected clones of TSH 858, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, NIC 7, ICS 13, KEE 2 and KW 165. There were 14 tested hybrids and an open pollinated hybrid of ICS 60 x Sca 12 was used as control in multilocation trials at four different agroclimatic locations, namely Jatirono Estate ((highland-wet climate), Kalitelepak Estate (lowland-wet climate), Kaliwining Experimental Station (low land-dry climate) and Sumber Asin Experimental Station (highland-dry climate). Trials were established in the randomized complete block design with four replications. Resistance to PPR were evaluated based on the percentage of infected pod for the years during wet climate of 2010 in Jatirono, Kalitelepak and Kaliwining followed in dry climate of 2011–2015 in Kaliwining and Sumber Asin. Variance of data were analyzed for detecting the effect of genotype by environment interaction (GxE) then visualized with a graph of genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction (a graph of GGE) biplot. There was consistently no interaction effect between hybrid and location to PPR incidence which was affected by single factor of hybrid, year, location and interaction between year and location. The effect of year indicated yearly change of weather was more important to PPR incidence than location difference. A graph of GGE biplot indicated a stable performance of the tested hybrids among locations

Perbandingan Metode Profile Matching Dan Simple Additive Weighting Pada Penentuan Jurusan Siswa Kelas X SMA N 2 Ngaglik

One role of Decision Support System (DSS) in the education sector is decision-making process for the selection of majoring students in high school, which can help decision makers in providing right majors alternatives decision for students, where the decision can be used as material to help teachers in making decisions. The process of major determining considering the abilities, talents and students interests of the major.Some criteria calculation using Profile Matching and Simple Additive Weighting methods. Profile Matching method works by using the importance rate of a value, whereas Simple Additive Weighting method by finding the weighted summation of the performance ratings of each alternative. In the selection of high school majors using calculations on each of these methods produce the same results that are appropriate to use. It also produces an output with the same process that ranking

Analisis Efektivitas Biaya (Cost Effectiveness Analysis) Pada Pasien Apendisitis Di RSU Pancaran Kasih Gmim Manado

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA (COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS) PADA PASIEN APENDISITIS DI RSU PANCARAN KASIH GMIM MANADOBela Santika Sari1), Gayatri Citraningtyas1), Defny S. Wewengkang1)1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT Appendicitis is a disease caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen by various things such as worms, hardened stools, or foreign objects (seeds) resulting in inflammation. Treatment of appendicitis often uses the antibiotic ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. The objective of this study was to determine the more cost-effective treatment between the use of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime antibiotics in appendicitis patients. This research uses descriptive research method with retrospective data retrieval. The sample in this study consisted of 23 patient comprise of 7 samples of patients using ceftriaxone and 16 patients samples using cefotaxime. The results of this study obtained from the comparison of ACER value of ACER seftriaxon value (Rp 411.586 / day) is smaller than the value of ACER cefotaxime (Rp 431,844 / day), so the use of more cost-effective antibiotics is ceftriaxone compared to cefotaxime. Keywords: Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, AppendicitisABSTRAK Apendisitis adalah penyakit yang ditimbulkan akibat tersumbatnya lumen apendiks oleh berbagai hal seperti cacing, kotoran penderita yang mengeras, atau benda asing (biji) sehingga terjadi peradangan. Pengobatan apendisitis sering menggunakan antibiotik seftriakson dan sefotaksim. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk untuk menentukan terapi yang lebih cost-effective antara penggunaan antibiotik seftriakson dan sefotaksim pada pasien apendisitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 23 sampel pasien yaitu 7 sampel pasien menggunakan seftriakson dan 16 sampel pasien menggunakan sefotaksim. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dari perbandingan nilai ACER yaitu nilai ACER seftriakson (Rp. 411

Pemodelan Nilai Tukar Rupiah terhadap $Us Menggunakan Hidden Markov*

Perilaku nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap $US dari tahun 1998 sampai dengan 2005 dicoba dimodelkan dengan menggunakan Hidden Markov (Elliott, et. al. 1995) Pendugaan parameter model dilakukan mengunakan Metode Maximum Likelihood dan pendugaan ulang menggunakan metode Expectation Maximization yang melibatkan Perubahan ukuran. Hasil yang diperoleh kurang baik karena galat antara nilai harapan dengan nilai sebenarnya cukup besar