La Costituzione italiana e la moneta: un incontro mancato

The paper traces the principle of monetary stability throughout the political and cultural debates, which Luigi Einaudi contributed to since 1943, and the discussions in the Sub-Committees, the Committee and the full House of the Constituent Assembly in 1946-47 up to the approval of the Charter. The safeguard of savings was given a constitutional umbrella, which was denied to its premise, i.e. the commitment to defend the purchasing power of the currency. This principle is today enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty and the Ecb statute, a clear proof that economic constitutionalism can be helpful in pointing the direction of monetary policy.

Analise do desempenho econômico e ambiental de diferentes modelos de cafeicultura em São Paulo - Brasil : estudo de caso na região cafeeira da Média Mogiana do Estado de São Paulo

A queda no preço do café no mercado internacional nos últimos anos e a dificuldade de acesso dos pequenos produtores ao pacote tecnológico oferecido pelo mercado para o aumento da produtividade da lavoura está fazendo com que muitos produtores abandonem a cafeicultura para se dedicar a outras atividades. A agroecologia se apresenta como alternativa a estes produtores devido às suas características de substituição de insumos químicos por recursos naturais locais. A análise e comparação de três propriedades com diferentes sistemas de produção cafeeira (agroecológicos e convencionais), localizadas na região da Média Mogiana do Estado de São Paulo, demonstraram que ambos os modelos possuem vantagens competitivas e pontos fracos que podem continuar a inviabilizar economicamente a produção cafeeira nas pequenas propriedades desta região. O resultado final aponta para a necessidade da melhoraria na administração da pequena empresa rural cafeicultora através da combinação das melhores características de cada modelo de produção estudado. A adoção de técnicas de gestão administrativa mais economicamente racionais e a utilização sustentável dos recursos ambientais disponíveis naturalmente nas propriedades, é que esta importante parcela da produção nacional de café conseguirá melhorias significativas em seus resultados econômicos e sócio-ambientais e assim poder trilhar o caminho do desenvolvimento sustentável da cafeicultura.The drop in coffee prices on the international market during recent years and the difficulty of access to production technology is increasingly leading to the abandonment of coffee cultivation by small producers. Agro-ecology is a viable alternative for these farmers because it offers the potential to substitute chemical fertilizers for natural ones. An analysis and comparison of three properties with different coffee production systems (agro-ecology, and conventional) located in the Media Mogiana region of Sao Paulo State demonstrated that both models have competitive advantages, but also weaknesses that can contribute to the downward trend in coffee production on the region's small properties. Results indicate the need for better administration of small rural coffee companies by selecting the positive characteristics of each production model. The adoption of more economically rational management techniques and the sustainable use of natural resources on properties will significantly improve, economically and socio-environmentally, Brazilian coffee production and thus blaze a trail for the development of sustainable coffee culture

Analise do desempenho econômico e ambiental de diferentes modelos de cafeicultura em São Paulo – Brasil: estudo de caso na região cafeeira da Média Mogiana do Estado de São Paulo

A queda no preço do café no mercado internacional nos últimos anos e a dificuldade de acesso dos pequenos produtores ao pacote tecnológico oferecido pelo mercado para o aumento da produtividade da lavoura está fazendo com que muitos produtores abandonem a cafeicultura para se dedicar a outras atividades. A agroecologia se apresenta como alternativa a estes produtores devido às suas características de substituição de insumos químicos por recursos naturais locais. A análise e comparação de três propriedades com diferentes sistemas de produção cafeeira (agroecológicos e convencionais), localizadas na região da Média Mogiana do Estado de São Paulo, demonstraram que ambos os modelos possuem vantagens competitivas e pontos fracos que podem continuar a inviabilizar economicamente a produção cafeeira nas pequenas propriedades desta região. O resultado final aponta para a necessidade da melhoraria na administração da pequena empresa rural cafeicultora através da combinação das melhores características de cada modelo de produção estudado. A adoção de técnicas de gestão administrativa mais economicamente racionais e a utilização sustentável dos recursos ambientais disponíveis naturalmente nas propriedades, é que esta importante parcela da produção nacional de café conseguirá melhorias significativas em seus resultados econômicos e sócio-ambientais e assim poder trilhar o caminho do desenvolvimento sustentável da cafeicultura.Cafeicultura, Sustentabilidade Ecológica, Economia Ecológica, Indicadores de Sustentabilidade

An Analytical Approach to Avoid Obstacles in Mobile Robot Navigation

A nonlinear supervised globally stable controller is proposed to reactively guide a mobile robot to avoid obstacles while seeking a goal. Whenever the robot detects an object nearby, its orientation is changed to be aligned with the tangent to the border of the obstacle. Then, the robot starts following it, looking for a feasible path to its goal. The supervisor is responsible for deciding which path to take when the robot faces some particular obstacle configurations that are quite difficult to deal with. Several simulations and experiments were run to validate the proposal, some of which are discussed here. To run the experiments, the proposed controller is programmed into the onboard computer of a real unicycle mobile platform, equipped with a laser range scanner. As for the simulations, the models of the same experimental setup were used. The final conclusion is that the nonlinear supervised controller proposed to solve the problem of avoiding obstacles during goal seeking has been validated, based on the theoretical analysis, and the simulated and experimental results.Fil: Brandao, Alexandre Santos. Federal University of Viçosa. Department of Electrical Engineering; BrasilFil: Sarcinelli Filho, Mário . Federal University of Espírito Santo. Department of Electrical Engineering; ArgentinaFil: Carelli Albarracin, Ricardo Oscar. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Automática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Homography-based pose estimation to guide a miniature helicopter during 3D-trajectory tracking

This work proposes a pose-based visual servoing control, through using planar homography, to estimate the position and orientation of a miniature helicopter relative to a known pattern. Once having the current flight information, the nonlinear underactuated controller presented in one of our previous works, which attends all flight phases, is used to guide the rotorcraft during a 3Dtrajectory tracking task. In the sequel, the simulation framework and the results obtained using it are presented and discussed, validating the proposed controller when a visual system is used to determine the helicopter pose information.Fil: Brandão, Alexandre . Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo. Centro Tecnologico. Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica; BrasilFil: Sarapura, Jorge Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Juan. Instituto de Automática; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Sarcinelli Filho, Mario . Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo. Centro Tecnologico. Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica; BrasilFil: Carelli Albarracin, Ricardo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Juan. Instituto de Automática; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentin

Display of the peroxiredoxin Bcp1 of Sulfolobus solfataricus on probiotic spores of Bacillus megaterium.

Bacterial spores displaying heterologous proteins have been proposed as a safe and efficient method for delivery of antigens and enzymes to animal mucosal surfaces. Initial studies have been performed using Bacillus subtilis spores, but other spore forming organisms have also been considered. B. megaterium spores have been shown capable of displaying large amounts of a model heterologous protein (Discosoma red fluorescent protein mRFP) that in part crossed the exosporium to localize in the space between the outer coat layer and the exosporium. Here, B. megaterium spores have been used to adsorb Bcp1 (bacterioferritin comigratory protein 1), a peroxiredoxin of the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, known to have an antioxidant activity. The spores were highly efficient in adsorbing the heterologous enzyme which, once adsorbed, retained its activity. The adsorbed Bcp1 localized beneath the exosporium, filling the space between the outer coat and the exosporium. This unusual localization contributed to the stability of the enzyme-spore interaction and to the protection of the adsorbed enzyme in simulated intestinal or gastric conditions

Private costs on water conservation: study case at Cantareira Mantiqueira Corridor Region.

This study aims to evaluate the private opportunity cost for an extensive forest recover program in the Cantareira-Mantiqueira Corridor Region and discuss its results focusing on three central questions: i. what is the private opportunity cost of forest restoration for the main land use activities in the Cantareira-Mantiqueira Corridor Region? ii. how the private opportunity costs varies throughout the region? iii. What are the most cost-effectiveness PES strategies available for the Cantareira- Mantiqueira Corridor Region

What’s in a Name? Children’s Rights and Legal Voice within Administrative and Juridical Procedures of Recognition of Same-Sex Filiation

This performative text, consisting of writing and visualizations, explores children’s voices within court proceedings connected to the legal recognition of intended mothers within lesbian-parented families. The research used long-term ethnographic observations and biographical interviews focused on French and Italian families from the “activist generation” who devoted their efforts to obtaining reproductive and family rights. The article provides a critical account of the implementation of Article 12.2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (UNCRC)—that is the right to be listened to in judicial and administrative proceedings affecting children. Our main argument is that, in contrast to the intention of Article 12.2 of the UNCRC, children are given a more symbolic than substantial voice in court proceedings and administrative procedures. The text situates children’s voices both in the wider context and in everyday life. Drawing on ethnographic research data, we show where and to what extent children’s voices emerge or, on the contrary, are silenced. Keywords: same-sex parenting; filiation; children’s rights; ethnography; creative writing; visual methods; performative text; Euro-American kinship; Italy; France

Les « Tsiganes », des élèves « irréguliers » ?

À partir des recherches doctorales sur l’anthropologie de l’enfance et de la parentalité roms en Italie, le présent article retrace le processus de fabrication de la catégorie d’élève tsigane tout au long du xxe siècle. Il interrogera notamment la relation entre les politiques de scolarisation pour les enfants tsiganes et les théories qui les ont orientées, à travers l’analyse de lois, de politiques publiques et d’études psychologiques sur l’enfant tsigane. L’objectif d’une telle analyse est de comprendre les raisons qui ont porté les pouvoirs publics à considérer cette catégorie comme ayant des besoins spéciaux auxquels il fallait répondre par un système de scolarisation différentiel. Plus particulièrement, il s’agit de saisir les logiques, les enjeux et les effets du processus de catégorisation, voire d’étiquetage de l’élève tsigane et de sa prise en charge spécifique. Enfin, l’exemple des élèves tsiganes permettra d’interroger les enjeux politiques sous-jacents aux cultures éducatives et scolaires italiennes, notamment pour ce qui est des idéologies concernant la manière de penser et de traiter la diversité à l’école.Based on a PhD research on Roma childhood and parenthood in Italy, this article shows how the category of a Roma pupil arose throughout the XXth century. Drawing on an analysis of laws, public policies and psychological studies of Gypsy children, this paper will question the relation between education policies targeting Gypsy children and the theories on which they are based. The goal is to understand the reasons that led public authorities to consider this category of pupils as having special needs to be addressed with a specialized school system. More precisely, we will tackle the logics, the issues and the effects of this process of categorization of the Gispy pupils and its specific treatment. Finally, the example of Gipsy pupils allows one to question the political issues connected to Italian educational policies and, more precisely, the ideologies connected with the way to consider and deal with cultural diversity at school