derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio dnlr change between baseline and cycle 2 is correlated with benefit during immune checkpoint inhibitors ici in advanced non small cell lung cancer nsclc patients

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Host transcriptional responses in nasal swabs identify potential SARS-CoV-2 infection in PCR negative patients

We analyzed RNA sequencing data from nasal swabs used for SARS-CoV-2 testing. 13% of 317 PCR-negative samples contained over 100 reads aligned to multiple regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Differential gene expression analysis compares the host gene expression in potential false-negative (FN: PCR negative, sequencing positive) samples to subjects with multiple SARS-CoV-2 viral loads. The host transcriptional response in FN samples was distinct from true negative samples (PCR & sequencing negative) and similar to low viral load samples. Gene Ontology analysis shows viral load-dependent changes in gene expression are functionally distinct; 23 common pathways include responses to viral infections and associated immune responses. GO analysis reveals FN samples had a high overlap with high viral load samples. Deconvolution of RNA-seq data shows similar cell content across viral loads. Hence, transcriptome analysis of nasal swabs provides an additional level of identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection

Frequency of eosinophilia and risk factors and their association with Toxocara infection in schoolchildren during a health survey in the north of Lima, Peru

During a health survey in a primary school from the district of Carabayllo (North of Lima, Peru), 200 schoolchildren (96 male and 104 female between five to 12 years old) were randomly selected and divided in two groups (as positive or negative group), according to the serologic result of the Toxocara ELISA test from a total population of 646 schoolchildren. All children were analyzed by hematologic tests to determinate the frequency of eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Additionally, all clinical and epidemiological data were also analyzed to determine their association with toxocariasis. From group of children with positive serology, 40% had some type of eosinophilia in contrast to 19% of children with negative serology, and their association was statistically significant (OR = 2.84, p < 0.001). From all signs and symptoms evaluated, only 'dry cough' was more frequent and statistically significant in the positive serology group (OR = 2.79, p < 0.001). Almost all risk factors evaluated were highly frequent and statistically associated to the positive serology. In conclusion, the presence of eosinophilia and the risk factors evaluated in this population were frequently associated to human toxocariasis

Role of miR-2392 in driving SARS-CoV-2 infection

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation that have a major impact on many diseases and provide an exciting avenue toward antiviral therapeutics. From patient transcriptomic data, we determined that a circulating miRNA, miR-2392, is directly involved with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) machinery during host infection. Specifically, we show that miR-2392 is key in driving downstream suppression of mitochondrial gene expression, increasing inflammation, glycolysis, and hypoxia, as well as promoting many symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We demonstrate that miR-2392 is present in the blood and urine of patients positive for COVID-19 but is not present in patients negative for COVID-19. These findings indicate the potential for developing a minimally invasive COVID-19 detection method. Lastly, using in vitro human and in vivo hamster models, we design a miRNA-based antiviral therapeutic that targets miR-2392, significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 viability in hamsters, and may potentially inhibit a COVID-19 disease state in humans

Psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries: What role does controlling identity development and family relationships play?

This study analyzed the unique effects of gender and culture on psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries, after controlling for factors that might have contributed to variations in psychopathology. In a sample of 2259 adolescents (M = 15 years; 54 % female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland, we assessed identity development, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing). Using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we analyzed country, sex, age, and the interaction country x sex as independent variables, while controlling for maternal rearing dimensions and identity development as covariates. This resulted in similar findings for internalizing and externalizing symptoms: Identity rumination and maternal rearing (support, psychological control, anxious rearing) proved to be significant covariates. Further, country, sex, age, and the interaction country x sex were significant. These analyses result in a clearer picture of culture- and gender-specific effects on psychopathology, which is helpful in designing interventions. © 2018 Hogref

Psychopathology in emerging adults in seven countries: Impact of identity-related risk factors [Psychopathologie bei jungen Erwachsenen aus sieben Ländern: Einfluss identitätsbezogener Risikofaktoren]

The study examined the influence of culture and gender on psychopathology after controlling for identity-related risk factors. A total of 2113 young adults from 7 countries (France, Germany, Poland, Greece, Turkey, Peru and Pakistan) answered a questionnaire on symptom burden, identity development and family relationships. After controlling for identity-related risk factors (e. g. identity development, maternal upbringing styles), the strong country effect on symptom burden disappeared. While there were practically no gender effects in western countries, in countries such as Peru, Pakistan, Poland and Turkey men reported significantly higher symptom burdens than women. In accordance with DSM-5, a weakening of the cultural effect and a certain universality of mental symptoms was found with a clear interaction between country × and gender. New is the greater vulnerability of men in some countries. © 2018, Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

Emerging Adults’ Psychopathology in Seven Countries: The Impact of Identity-Related Risk Factors

The impact of identity-related risk factors on psychopathology was analyzed in 2,113 emerging adults (M = 22.0 years; 66% female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland. Identity stress, coping with identity stress, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, and anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing, and total symptomatology) were assessed. After partialing out the influence of stress, coping, and perceived maternal behavior, country did no longer exert a significant effect on symptom scores. The effect for gender remained, as did an interaction between country and gender. Rather unexpected, on average, males reported higher internalizing symptomatology scores than females. Potential causes for the higher scores of males are therefore discussed. Partialing out covariates resulted in a clearer picture of country-specific and gender-dependent effects on psychopathology, which is helpful in designing interventions. © 2018 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publishing