Micro-inverter with Fuzzy logic based MPPT of Partially shaded PV modules and energy recovery scheme

When there is occurrence of partial shading on PV modules there are two to three bypass diodes connected in junction box for 200W rated PV module. Due to this configuration the power-voltage characteristics of the PV module will have many peaks. So to extract maximum power even during the partial shading condition this paper proposes the use of micro-inverter based on flyback configuration with Fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking technique. This can be achieved by implementing an equalization circuit across the PV module. This equalization circuit consists of series connection of diode and secondary winding of the flyback transformer of the micro-inverter. This equalization circuit is capable of energy recovery from the leakage inductance of the converter when the main switch is turned off. This proposed topology have the following features: fuzzy logic based mppt to extract maximum available power, energy recovery capability and conversion of dc to ac. The proposed technology’s effectiveness is analyzed by comparing it with PV module having bypass diode configuration. The simulation results, control strategies and modes of operation and analysis of the proposed topology are presented in this paper

OSCILLATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL NEUTRAL DELAYDIFFERENCE SYSTEMS

This paper deals with the some oscillation criteria for the three dimensional neutral delay difference system of the form Δ xn+pnxn-k =bnynα Δ yn =cn znβ Δ(zn)=-anxn-l+1γ , n=1,2,…, Examples illustrating the results are inserted

SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF IXORA MACROTHYRSA (TEJISM. AND BINN.)

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical screening and quantitative and in vitro antioxidant analysis of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ixora macrothyrsa (Tejism. and Binn.) Methods: The powdered plant material was extracted using different solvents for phytochemical screening. For the quantitative analysis, proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, free amino acids, and proline were estimated. In vitro antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, total phenols, chlorophyll, and carotenoids were also analyzed using standard methods. Results: The preliminary qualitative analysis of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of I. macrothyrsa showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. The secondary metabolites such as proteins, carbohydrates, tannin, free amino acid, and proline were quantified as 24.57±0.61 mg/g, 11.07±0.09 mg/g, 6.17±0.20 mg/g, 9.20±0.17 mg/g, and 34.47±0.44 mg/g, respectively. In vitro antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, total phenols, chlorophyll, and carotenoid were estimated to be 35.73±0.28 mg/g, 15.9±0. mg/g, 9.33±0.09 mg/g, and 5.9±0.58 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of I. macrothyrsa showed the presence of major secondary metabolites and has potent antioxidant activity

Heart rate variability analysis and echocardiographic study in normal and hypothyroid (female) patients before and after treatment

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism is the second common endocrine disorder next to Diabetes Mellitus. One of the major target organs of hypothyroidism is the cardiovascular system and it is very sensitive to even minimal deviations from normal levels. The cardiovascular manifestation of hypothyroidism includes decreased cardiac contractility, decreased cardiac output, increase in peripheral vascular resistance. The electrical abnormalities seen in the ECG consists of bradycardia, low voltage complexes, varying degrees of heart block and decreased systolic and diastolic functions of the heart. This is also associated with disturbances in autonomic balance which may lead adverse cardiac events like arrhythmias in these patients. It is also observed that treatment with L thyroxine in these patients will be helpful in preventing these complications. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the Resting Heart Rate Variability and Echocardiography in normal and hypothyroid (female) patients before and after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included thirty newly diagnosed female hypothyroid patients with elevated seum TSH levels and age matched normal healthy individuals as controls. They were assessed with HRV analysis and ECHO before treatment and reassessed after 3 months of treatment with L-thyroxine. After attaining euthyroid levels by measuring the serum TSH levels they reassessed with HRV and ECHO. RESULTS: There was autonomic imbalance with increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic activity in hypothyroid females before treatment as shown by very highly significant (p<0.000) changes in frequency domain measures of HRV like increased LF (nu) and decreased HF (nu) and increased LH/HF ratio, decreased time domain measures. There were also very highly significant (p<0.000) changes in ejection fraction and LVID (both end systolic and end diastolic) parameters. After treatment with L-thyroxine the changes were comparable with normal to normal individuals. The elevated serum TSH levels were also shows highly significant (p<0.001) after treatment. CONCLUSION: This study shows that replacement therapy with L Thyroxine will play an essential role in preventing the cardio vascular complications of hypothyroidism like autonomic imbalance. As HRV and ECHO are both noninvasive in nature, both of these can be used to assess these patients of hypothyroidism for CVS complications and regular follow up after treatment

Effectiveness of video assisted aerobic dance therapy on reduction of body mass index among obese women residing in selected villages at Tirunelveli district.

An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted aerobic dance therapy on reduction of Body Mass Index(BMI) among obese woman residingin selected villages atTirunelveli District was conducted by Mrs. G. Saraswathi in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at Sri. K.Ramachandran Naidu College of Nursing,under the TamilnaduDr.M.G.R. Medical University,Chennai in 2012. Obesity is an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells. Obesity is the second leading cause of preventable death. Lack of physical exercise is another factor that contributes to weight gain and obesity. There is a reduction in physical activity, both in the workplace and at home. Obesity is a serious medical condition this needs urgent attention throughout the world.Obesity is harder to treat in adults than in children. This can be achievedby dietary changes, increased physical activity and a combination of both.Increased physical activity is an important part of weight reducing program. Regular physical exercise is the key to increased energy expenditure. Dance aerobics is an exercise that combines the rhythmic steps of aerobics with graceful dance movements. During muscular exercise, when large amounts of lactic acid escape as a result of glycolysis. The glycogen stored in the muscle and it will beconverted in to glucose by the process of glycolysis. Objectives of the study were: To assess the pretest level of BMI among obese women of experimental and control group. To find out the effectiveness of Aerobic Dance Therapy on reduction of BMI among obese women in experimental group and control group. To compare the pre-test and post-test level of BMI among obese women in the experimental group. To associate the post test level of BMI among obese women in experimental group with their selected demographic variables. To associate the post test level of BMI among obese women in control group with their selected demographic variables. Hypothesesof the study were: All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 levels. H1 Meanpost test level of BMI among obesewomenin experimental group was significantly lower than the mean post test level of BMI among obese women in control group. H2 There was a significant difference between pre test and post test level of BMI among obese women in experimental group. H3 There was a significant association in the post test level of BMI among obese women of experimental group with the selected demographic variables. H4 There was a significant association in the post test level of BMI among obese women of control group with the selected demographic variables. The study was based on Modified Dorothai Johnson behaviormodel. A true experimentalpre test, post testcontrol group design was used in this study .This study was conducted in selected villages at Tirunelvelli district. Sixty obese women were categorized into mild, moderate andsevere based on BMI scoring and they were randomly assignedinto experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=30). The samples of experimental group were belongs to Thiruvannathapuram village.The samples of control group were belongs to Natham village. The data were collected from 02.04.2011 to 30.04.2011.The experimental group had undergone physical activity (Aerobic Dance Therapy) for the period of 20 consecutive days where as the control group did not. BMI scale was used to categories obese women based on body weightduring pre test. Interview method was used to find the demographic data .The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The significant findings of the study were: The post test level of BMI among obese women in experimental group was significantly lower than the mean post test level of BMI among obese women in control group. (t = 1.82, p< 0.05). The mean post test level of BMI among obese women in experimental group was significantly lower than the mean pre test level of BMI. (t = 12.04, p < 0.05). There was no significant association between the post test level of BMI among obese women in the experimental group and control group with their selected demographic variables except age

Urinary System anomalies at birth

Background: Congenital anomalies of urinary system are common and are found in 3-4% of population, and lethal urinary anomalies account for 10% of termination of pregnancy.Methods: A study was done to know the incidence of congenital anomalies at birth for the period of 4 months from May 99 - Sept 99 at Cheluvamba hospital attached to Mysore medical college. Congenital anomalies in the still births, live births and aborted fetuses >20 weeks were studied along with the case history and ultrasound reports. Aborted fetuses and still born babies were collected for autopsy after the consent of parents. These babies were fixed in 10% formalin and autopsy was done after fixing, and anomalies were noted.Results: Total births during study period were 3000. There were 61 babies with congenital anomalies and 6 babies had anomalies of urinary system. Among the urinary system anomalies 1 baby had bilateral renal agenesis, 1 baby had unilateral renal agenesis with anophthalmia (Fraser syndrome), 2 babies had Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK) and 1 live baby had hydronephrosis due to obstruction at pelvi ureteric junction, and 1 live female baby had polycystic kidneys.Conclusion: Incidence of urinary system anomalies in the present study was 2 per 1000 births. U/S detection of urinary anomalies varies with period of gestation, amniotic fluid volume and visualisation of urinary bladder. Autopsy helps to detect renal agenesis.

(R1514) Nano Continuous Mappings via Nano M Open Sets

Nano M open sets are a union of nano θ semi open sets and nano δ pre open sets. The properties of nano M open sets with their interior and closure operators are discussed in a previous paper. In this paper, we discuss about nano M-continuous and nano M-irresolute functions are introduced in a nano topological spaces along with their continuous and irresolute mappings. Also, nano M-open and nano M-closed functions are introduced and compare with their near open and closed mappings in a nano topological spaces. Further, nano M homeomorphism is also discussed in nano topological spaces. Also, we discuss nano e-Cts, nano e-Irr, nano eo and nano ec functions and nano eHom in nano topological spaces. Also some of their properties are well discussed

Cloning and characterization of NBS-LRR resistance gene analogues of Musa spp. and their expression profiling studies against Pratylenchus coffeae

Resistance gene analogues (RGAs) were isolated from two banana cultivars viz., Karthobiumtham and Rose using degernate primers designed from the conserved motifs of different plant resistance genes. A total of 40 sequences were hit with various R genes, of which 20 sequences were having uninterrupted open reading frame (ORFs). Based on the conserved domains like P loop, internal kinase 2, kinase 3a and hydrophobic domain motifs of the deduced amino acid sequences were grouped as NBS-LRR class of resistant genes. The phylogentic analysis of RGAs showed that all the Musa RGAs are grouped under non-TIR branch and grouped into six distinct Musa RGA cluster. To investigate the expression profile of the RGAs, specific primers were designed for one representative RGA from each RGA cluster and it was found that C1 and C5 were induced upon root lesion nematode infection in the resistant (cv. Karthobiumtham) and not in susceptible (cv.Nendran) cultivar. C6 was expressed only in resistant cultivar not in susceptible one. But there was no change in the expression of C2 and C3 in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. These results indicate that in depth study on C1, and C5 RGAs will be helpful for further improvement of P. coffeae resistance in banana.Keywords: Banana, P. coffeae, resistance gene analogues, expression levelAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(27), pp. 4256-426

Solid waste management in Rameswaram Island - “Green Ramesawaram project”

Hand in Hand Inclusive Development and Services (HHIDS), is a non-profit company registered under Section-25 of the Indian Companies Act, 1956 with its office at Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India. HHIDS works in the field of Solid Waste Management. This involves educating the people in waste management principles, conducting awareness programs and on field implementation of waste management. The project also ensures that the practices are implemented in a sustainable manner through community participation. The long-term objective is thus to reduce the environmental degradation caused by the unscientific handling of solid waste. The project aims at ensuring environmental, social and financial sustainability in a period of three years and advocating the 3 R concepts (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), to achieve that the people are educated on the importance of segregating garbage at source and avoiding usage of disposable plastics. At present, Hand in Hand’s solid waste management project is implemented with community participation at 22 locations, in 8 districts, in the State of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Union Territory of Puducherry; covering 156,878 families with a total population of 6, 27,512

Cross infection and sterilization methods: A survey among dental practitioners in Chennai

Transmission of any infectious diseases is possible from one individual to another during dental procedures including blood-borne infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. Therefore in dental clinics, the significance of sterilization and personal protection procedures is of utmost important. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of sterilization and infection control procedures among dental practitioners in Chennai. In this descriptive study, 100 dental practitioners working in private clinics in Chennai were randomly selected to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of sterilization and infection control procedures using a self-administered questionnaire. 88 Dentists considered their patients as suspected of infection. 94% of the respondents are aware that sterilizing instruments at boiling temperature could not kill all type of microorganisms. 82% has answered that the time required for complete sterilization in an autoclave is 20 minutes. To sterile the instruments in the clinic, 37 dentist use autoclave. Out of 100, only 44 responded that the critical instruments (which penetrate the mucous membrane and skin) should not be sterilized by disinfectants. 66 practitioners are aware that the blood borne infections are HIV, HBV, and HCV. 86 participants are aware that the sharps should be discarded in a separate container. The attitude towards the cross infection is satisfactory nevertheless no adequate knowledge on blood-borne infections among the practitioners. Even though most of the practitioners follow proper sterilization methods, improvement in the practice of handling disinfectant solutions and methods of sterilization of hand pieces are required. We would conclude that the regular continuing education programme and short term courses about cross-infection and infection control procedures are essential