Patterns of food thermal processing in electric deep fat fryers ireka. Gaysin

© Research India Publications. This paper deals with the studies of thermal processes occurring when heating a large volume of oil in continuous electric deep fat fryers with output of up to 150 kg/h, and during food roasting. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the double deep fat fryer heating process, and their procedure. As a result of the conducted studies, we obtained the temperature-process time relationship t and the coefficient of heat transfer from the surface of the tubular electric heaters to oil. Obtaining experimental data on food heat treatment will ensure direct control of its quality and the quality of fry oil used for this process. Much attention was given to analyze the influence of fried food on thermal processing conditions. Special attention was paid to the design of a deep fat fryer and its main units, directly affecting the results of the experiments. Food deep frying improvement is a relevant task, since the existing methods of frying and the frying machines do not meet the growing demands of industrial technology. Main objective of this paper is to accumulate experimental data for further research on the development of reliable calculation methods and design principles of similar devices

The troubadour Marcabru and his public

Vanadium(V)-containing oxides show superior intercalation properties for alkaline ions, although the performance of the material strongly depends on its surface morphology. In this work, intercalation activity of LiV$_{3}$O$_{8}$, prepared by a conventional solid state synthesis, is demonstrated for the first time in non-aqueous Li,Na-ion hybrid batteries with Na as negative electrode, and different Na/Li ratios in the electrolyte. In the pure Na-ion cell, one Na per formula unit of LiV$_{3}$O$_{8}$ can be reversibly inserted at room temperature via a two-step process, while further intercalation leads to gradual amorphisation of the material, with a specific capacity of 190 mAhg$^{−1}$ after 10 cycles in the potential window of 0.8–3.4 V. Hybrid Li,Na-ion batteries feature simultaneous intercalation of Li$^+$ and Na$^+$ cations into LiV$_{3}$O$_{8}$, resulting in the formation of a second phase. Depending on the electrolyte composition, this second phase bears structural similarities either to Li$_{0.7}$Na$_{0.7}$V$_{3}$O$_{8}$ in Na-rich electrolytes, or to LiV$_{3}$O$_{8}$ in Li-rich electrolytes. The chemical diffusion coefficients of Na+ and Li+ in crystalline LiV$_{3}$O$_{8}$ are very close, hence explaining the co-intercalation of these cations. As DFT calculations show, once formed, the Li$_{0.7}$Na$_{0.7}$V$_{3}$O$_{8}$-type structure favors intercalation of Na$^+$, whereas the LiV$_{3}$O$_{8}$-type prefers to accommodate Li$^+$ cations

Investigation of the Possibility of Immobilization of Mobile Forms of Arsenic in Technogenic Soils

Levels of contamination of three mining industrial zones in Irkutsk Oblast and Zabaykalsky Krai were revealed by means of geoecological and geochemical monitoring. Bulk contents and mobile forms of As in soils, stubs, bricks, and dumps of the mining and processing industry were defined. This allowed revealing features of chemical composition of technogenic substrates for the purpose of a choice of a way of their neutralization. The possibility of chemical immobilization of mobile ionic forms of As in natural and man-made objects by treatment with alkaline reagents was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed pharmacolite CaHAsO4·2H2O, calcium arsenate Ca3(AsO4)2, and segnititePb(Fe3+)3AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 that are formed in the obtained solid insoluble precipitates. Formation of new solid insoluble compounds indicates the chemical binding (immobilization) of arsenic-containing compounds and the irreversibility of the process. This allows us to offer an effective way of fixing toxic agents to reduce migration in the environment by stabilizing immobilized forms. Experiments with the use of lignin sludge ash (accumulated waste of the closed Baikal pulp and paper mill) for the neutralization of arsenic-containing waste of mining and metallurgical industries were carried out. Application of modified coal sorbing agents for the sorption of residual mobile forms of As (after treating with an alkaline reagent) allows achieving a decrease in its concentrations to the TLV standard for a hazardous substance. NoritRO 3520 is the most effective sorbing agent. The results are of high applied importance  for the implementation of the method of chemical immobilization of mobile ion forms of As in technogenesiszones

Pedagogical readiness of the parents for the school education of their child with hearing loss

В статье рассматриваются специфические критерии педагогической готовности родителей к обучению в школе ребенка с нарушением слуха.The study describes the essence of the pedagogical readiness of the parents for the schooling of their child and its importance at the present stage of development of special education. The article argues that special preparation of the parents for the school education of their child with a disability is a unique educational need of the family caring for a child with SEND

Clinical case: occupational trauma, open dislocation of the hand, open fractures of the navicular and radius bones. Emergency and delayed care option

The purpose of the study - to present a clinical case of multiple injuries: fractures, dislocations of upper limb bones in an industrial injury.Цель исследования – представить клинический случай множественных повреждений: переломов, вывихов костей верхних конечностей при производственной травме

Pilot study of 10-year absolute fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) introduction into the structure of undegraduate practical training "physician assistant” course

Background: high fracture rates throughout the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region have been reported. Major fractures rate increasing, primary care physicians need to be aware of risk assessment and prevention tools. Aims: The aim of this pilot study was to assess main issues of FRAX tool introduction into undergraduate medical education. Material and methods: Russian version of the IOF approved presentation on FRAX application procedure, results assessment and interpretation as well as Russian Association for Osteoporosis clinical guidelines and reference to www.osteoporoz.ru site have been provided to 248 undergraduate medical students. To increase osteoporosis related issues study motivation the students were asked to apply the Russian version of on-line FRAX calculator to assess risk fracture in their close relatives of appropriate age. Also the students were asked to create a FRAX assessment based patient management program. Results: 207 FRAX assessment reports were received as feedback. Derived intervention threshold was reached in 41 cases (19.8%), while in 45 reports (21.7%) body mass index (BMI) value was mistaken for a 10-year fracture risk. There were 123 cases of the students parents assessments. These subjects appeared to be quite young (median 48, range 42 62) and relatively healthy to report no fracture risk factors. The students grandparents or great-grandparents (68 cases) were assessed on rare occasions due to lack of information or absence of personal contacts between students and their relatives. The students reported appreciable difficulties in decision making. Lifestyle and diet modification were not included in 165 of recommendations, while calcium and vitamin D prescriptions were severely biased by TV advertising. The students reported that it was quite difficult for them to give the patients recommendations regarding the choice of drug and administration timeframe. Conclusion: pilot study of FRAX introduction into undergraduate medical education helped to ascertain several gaps in teaching of osteoporosis diagnosis, prevention and treatment to be covered during undergraduate medical educatio

Качество ведения пациентов с подагрой в реальной клинической практике

Despite the existing guidelines for the management of gout and its potential reversibility, the quality of patient management in general therapy practice remains a serious issue.Objective: to assess the current state of management of patients with gout in real clinical practice.Patients and methods. The first stage of the study included an interview with 97 physicians grouped according to their specialties: rheumatologists, general practitioners, and others. The second stage involved an interview with 64 patients with gout who were followed up by physicians of different specialties.Results and discussion. Physicians most frequently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, glucocorticoids (GCs), and allopurinol. Urate-lowering drugs were prescribed mostly by rheumatologists and more rarely by other specialists. The most commonly used drug was allopurinol at a maximum dose 300 mg/day. There was a tendency to a decrease in the number of tophi in the patients who were treated according to the EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) guidelines. The patients of this group also had lower levels of uric acid (UA) and were more highly adherent to therapy.The predominant use of NSAIDs in the rare administration of colchicine and GCs, as well as the use of allopurinol to relieve an acute gout attack creates prerequisites for aggravating the disease and decreasing patient compliance. The insufficient dose of allopurinol and no use of prophylactic colchicine for chronic gout contribute to the progression of the disease and the development of its acute attacks. Following the EULAR guidelines makes it possible to achieve the target levels of UA and not only prevent, but also to ensure the regression of gout manifestations, such as tophi.Conclusion. For radical improvement of the situation, physicians of all specialties should be regularly trained in the management of patients with gout according to the EULAR guidelines.Качество ведения пациентов с подагрой в общетерапевтической практике остается серьезной проблемой, несмотря на существующие рекомендации по лечению подагры и потенциальную обратимость заболевания.Цель исследования — оценка современного состояния ведения пациентов с подагрой в реальной клинической практике.Пациенты и методы. На первом этапе исследования проведен опрос 97врачей, разделенных по специальностям: ревматологов, терапевтов и других специалистов; на втором этапе — опрос 64 пациентов с подагрой, которых наблюдали врачи разных специальностей.Результаты и обсуждение. Для купирования острого приступа подагры врачи чаще всего использовали нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП), колхицин, глюкокортикоиды (ГК), а также аллопуринол. При ведении пациентов с хронической подагрой урат-снижающие препараты назначали в основном ревматологи и значительно реже — врачи других специальностей. Из препаратов самым популярным являлся аллопуринол в максимальной дозе 300 мг/сут. Тенденция к уменьшению числа тофусов отмечалась у тех больных, ведение которых осуществлялось в соответствии с рекомендациями EULAR. В этой же группе пациентов был более низкий уровень мочевой кислоты (МК) и более высокий уровень приверженности терапии.Преимущественное использование НПВП при редком назначении колхицина и ГК, а также применение аллопуринола для купирования острого приступа создают предпосылки для усугубления течения заболевания и снижения комплаенса. Недостаточность дозы аллопуринола и отсутствие профилактического назначения колхицина для лечения хронической подагры способствуют прогрессированию заболевания и развитию острых атак. Следование рекомендациям EULAR позволяет достичь целевого уровня МК и не только предотвратить, но и добиться обратного развития таких проявлений подагры, как тофусы.Выводы. Для радикального улучшения ситуации необходимо регулярное обучение врачей всех специальностей рациональному ведению пациентов с подагрой, основанному на клинических рекомендациях EULAR

The crystal growth and properties of novel magnetic double molybdate RbFe5_{5}(MoO4_{4})7_{7} with mixed Fe3+^{3+}/Fe2+^{2+}states and 1D negative thermal expansion

Single crystals of new compound RbFe$_5$(MoO$_4$)$_7$ were successfully grown by the flux method, and their crystal structure was determined using the X-ray single-crystal diffraction technique. The XRD analysis showed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m, with unit cell parameters a = 6.8987(4), b = 21.2912(12) and c = 8.6833(5) Å, β = 102.1896(18)°, V = 1246.66(12) Å$^3$, Z (molecule number in the unit cell) = 2, R-factor (reliability factor) = 0.0166, and T = 293(2) K. Raman spectra were collected on the single crystal to show the local symmetry of MoO$_4$ tetrahedra, after the confirmation of crystal composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The polycrystalline samples were synthesized by a solid-state reaction in the Ar atmosphere; the particle size and thermal stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The compound decomposes above 1073 K in an Ar atmosphere with the formation of Fe(III) molybdate. The thermal expansion coefficient along the c direction has the value α = −1.3 ppm K$^{−1}$ over the temperature range of 298–473 K. Magnetic measurements revealed two maxima in the magnetization below 20 K, and paramagnetic behavior above 50 K with the calculated paramagnetic moment of 12.7 μB per formula unit is in good agreement with the presence of $_3$Fe$^{3+}$ and $_2$Fe$^{3+}$ in the high-spin (HS) state. The electronic structure of RbFe5(MoO4)7 is comparatively evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations

Ревматологическая онлайн-школа как альтернатива традиционным образовательным технологиям для пациентов

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients with rheumatic diseases were left without specialized care and information support, however, the current level of digitalization makes it possible to transfer the training and education of patients and their relatives to an online format. Objective: to analyze the experience of holding a rheumatological school in an online format as a method of improving the medical literacy of the population.Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed by voluntary anonymous questioning of 157 patients who, from September 2020 to November 2021, took part in the online school on rheumatology held at the Clinical Rheumatology Center "New Hospital" (Yekaterinburg). All patients filled out an online questionnaire that included 15 questions related to age, place of residence, motivation of students, sources of information about the school, assessment of the form and content of lectures, quality and novelty of the information provided, and degree of doctor’s credibility.Results and discussion. Analysis of the results of the survey demonstrated the interest of patients in obtaining high-quality medical information on rheumatology problems, a positive assessment of the format and content of the online school, its positive role in clarifying the essence of the disease and related problems.Conclusion. Online schools for patients seem to be a relevant and promising area of medical prevention.Во время пандемии COVID-19 многие пациенты с ревматическими заболеваниями остались без специализированной помощи и информационной поддержки, вмести с тем современный уровень цифровизации позволяет перенести обучение и образование больных и их родственников в онлайн-формат.Цель исследования – проанализировать опыт проведения ревматологической школы в онлайн-формате как метода повышения медицинской грамотности населения.Пациенты и методы. Выполнено одномоментное исследование путем добровольного анонимного анкетирования 157 пациентов, с сентября 2020 г. по ноябрь 2021 г. принявших участие в онлайн-школе по ревматологии, действующей на базе Центра клинической ревматологии МО «Новая Больница» (Екатеринбург). Все пациенты заполняли онлайн-опросник, включавший 15 вопросов, касавшихся возраста, места жительства, мотивации слушателей, источников информации о школе, оценки формы и содержания лекций, качества и новизны представленных сведений, степени доверия к врачу.Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ результатов анкетирования продемонстрировал заинтересованность пациентов в получении качественной медицинской информации по проблемам ревматологии, положительную оценку формата и содержания онлайншколы, ее позитивную роль в разъяснении сути заболевания и сопутствующих проблем.Заключение. Онлайн-школы для пациентов представляются актуальным и перспективным направлением медицинской профилактики