Práticas e desafios do terapeuta ocupacional em contextos escolares no Distrito Federal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although Occupational Therapy has an important history of actions in the school context, it is still necessary to deepen the reality of professionals in different regions of the country, including the Federal District. Objective: To identify the practices and challenges experienced by occupational therapists in the Federal District who carry out or carried out actions related to the school context. Methodological Procedures: Qualitative, cross-sectional, exploratory research, which carried out semi-structured interviews with five occupational therapists working in the Federal District. Results and Discussion: The main practices carried out by the professionals are: training, guidance and training of teachers and assistants, adaptation of the curriculum, activities and furniture. On the other hand, the challenges for carrying out these practices, such as the resistance of schools and social attitudes towards inclusion, highlight the importance of carrying out proposals that sensitize and make schools, professionals and the community aware of and deal with the demands everyday activities aimed at inclusion. Final considerations: Occupational Therapy practices in education are little known in the Federal District, and it is believed that investing in the graduate training of occupational therapists, in extension projects and in hiring professionals directly linked to the education sector can expand and consolidate the field in the region.  Introdução: Ainda que a Terapia Ocupacional tenha um importante histórico de atuações no contexto escolar, ainda é necessário se aprofundar sobre a realidade dos profissionais em diversas regiões do país, inclusive no Distrito Federal. Objetivo: Identificar as práticas e os desafios vivenciados por terapeutas ocupacionais do Distrito Federal que realizam ou realizaram ações relacionadas ao contexto escolar. Procedimentos metodológicos: Pesquisa qualitativa, transversal, exploratória, que realizou entrevista semi-estruturada junto a cinco terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes no Distrito Federal. Resultados e Discussão: As principais práticas realizadas pelas profissionais são: formação, orientação e capacitação de professores e auxiliares, adaptação curricular, de atividades e de mobiliário. Por outro lado, os desafios para a realização dessas práticas tais como, a resistência das escolas e as atitudes sociais frente à inclusão, evidenciam a importância da realização de propostas que sensibilizem e conscientizem escolas, profissionais e comunidade para conhecer e para lidar com as demandas cotidianas visando à inclusão. Conclusões: As práticas da Terapia Ocupacional na educação são pouco conhecidas no Distrito Federal, e acredita-se que investir na formação graduada dos terapeutas ocupacionais, em projetos de extensão e na contratação de profissionais diretamente ligados ao setor da educação podem ampliar e consolidar o campo na região. &nbsp

AUTOMEDICAÇÃO: IMPACTOS NO TRATAMENTO MÉDICO E DIAGNÓSTICO DA DOENÇA

This article aims to analyze the profile of a sample of the population in the metropolitan region of Recife who practice self-medication and identify the immediate and future risks brought by self-medication. This public opinion survey was carried out with non-identifiable participants through the application of the online questionnaire generated using the Google Forms tool. It is concluded that self-medication is extremely common in the metropolitan region of Recife combined with the large presence of the internet in thes habit, in which the majority of participating participants seek instructions on the use of medications and, despite having virtual acess to the risks and harms of self-medication, still insist on this pratice.Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o perfil de uma amostra da população na região metropolitana do Recife que praticam a automedicação e identificar os riscos imediatos e futuros trazidos pela automedicação. A presente pesquisa de opinião pública foi realizada com participantes não identificáveis por meio da aplicação do questionário online gerado mediante a utilização da ferramenta Formulários Google. Conclui-se que automedicação é extremamente comum na região metropolitana do Recife aliado a grande presença da internet neste hábito, em que a maioria dos participantes ativamente procuram instruções sobre o uso dos medicamentos e, apesar de terem acesso virtual aos riscos e prejuízos da automedicação, ainda insistem nessa prática.&nbsp

Revista Saúde Vol 30, Santa Maria, 2004

Objective: Report a clinical case of a restorative treatment for LCNC. Methodology: Case report of a descriptive qualitative type according to the ethical principles that govern research with human beings present in the Declaration of Helsinque. Case Report: A 34-year-old male patient, leucoderma, sought care at the Dentistry Clinic of the Tiradentes University Center - UNIT/AL complaining of dentinsensitivity. During the anamnesis, he reported ingesting acidic foods frequently, performing toothbrushing right after meals and having used orthodontic appliance for about two years. On clinical examination, the presence of LCNC was identified in elements 15 and 16. Therefore, the restorative treatment was discussed and accepted by the patient, and the resin composed of the nano-hybrid type was the material of choice. Final considerations: The treatment of LCNC is based on the control of etiological agents and restorative protocol, being preferable the use of composite resins and self-condidiator adhesives.Objetivo: Notificar un caso clínico de un tratamiento restaurador para la LCNC. Metodología: Reporte de caso de tipo descriptivo cualitativo según los principios éticos que rigen la investigación con seres humanos presentes en la Declaración de Helsinque. Informe del caso: Un paciente masculino de 34 años, leucoderma, buscó atención en la Clínica de Odontología del Centro Universitario Tiradentes - UNIT/AL que se queja de dentinasese a la sensibilidad. Durante la anamnesis, informó que ingería alimentos ácidos con frecuencia, realizando el cepillado de dientes justo después de las comidas y habiendo utilizado aparato de ortodoncia durante unos dos años. En el examen clínico, se identificó la presencia de CNCL en los elementos 15 y 16. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento restaurador fue discutido y aceptado por el paciente, y la resina compuesta del tipo nano-híbrido fue el material de elección. Consideraciones finales: El tratamiento de LCNC se basa en el control de agentes etiológicos y protocolo restaurador, siendo preferiblemente el uso de resinas compuestas y adhesivos autocondiadores.Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de um tratamento restaurador para lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC). Metodologia: Relato de caso do tipo do tipo qualitativo descritivo de acordo com os princípios éticos que regem a pesquisa com seres humanos presentes na Declaração de Helsinque. Relato de caso: Paciente gênero masculino, 34 anos de idade, leucoderma, procurou atendimento na Clínica de Odontologia do Centro Universitário Tiradentes – UNIT/AL queixando-se de sensibilidade dentinária. Durante a anamnese, relatou ingerir alimentos ácidos com frequência, realizar escovação dentária logo após as refeições e ter utilizado aparelho ortodôntico por cerca de dois anos. Ao exame clínico, foi identificado presença de LCNC nos elementos 15 e 16. Logo, o tratamento restaurador foi discutido e aceito pelo paciente, sendo a resina composta do tipo nano-híbrida o material de escolha.  Considerações finais: O tratamento das LCNC baseia-se no controle dos agentes etiológicos e protocolo restaurador, sendo preferível o uso de resinas compostas e adesivos autocondiocionantes

Prevalência de hemoglobinas variantes em comunidades quilombolas no estado do Piauí, Brasil

Gonçalves, Marilda de Souza. “Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-04-05T17:04:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares LF Prevalência de hemoglobinas variantes ....pdf: 176831 bytes, checksum: 9b26af0009ec33cf402748ffe72b5f47 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-04-05T17:14:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares LF Prevalência de hemoglobinas variantes ....pdf: 176831 bytes, checksum: 9b26af0009ec33cf402748ffe72b5f47 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T17:14:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares LF Prevalência de hemoglobinas variantes ....pdf: 176831 bytes, checksum: 9b26af0009ec33cf402748ffe72b5f47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Ministério da Saúde, Secretária da Saúde do Estado do Piauí, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz (Fiocruz-Bahia).Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba. São José dos Campos, SP, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilAs hemoglobinas variantes (Hb) decorrem de mutações nos genes da globina. As variantes estruturais mais frequentes são HbS, HbC, HbD e HbE. O gene da hemoglobina S tem frequência elevada na América, enquanto que no Brasil é maior no Sudeste e Nordeste. O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a presença de hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades quilombolas do estado do Piauí. Foram analisadas 1.239 amostras, nas quais as hemoglobinas foram triadas pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Aplicou-se questionário referente a gênero, etnia e consanguinidade das populações. Das 1.239 amostras, 5,4% apresentaram o traço falciforme AS, as doenças falciformes SS e SC apareceram em 0,8% do total, nas hemoglobinas AC, AD e DD. Das 1.069 pessoas negras, 84 apresentaram alteração das hemoglobinas; destas, 34 eram do sexo masculino e 53 do feminino. Ocorreu a presença de 13 casamentos consanguíneos dentre as 84 alterações das hemoglobinas. O estudo das hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades remanescentes de quilombos do Piauí contribui para sua educação em saúde frente aos aspectos da herança genética destas proteínas, relevante questão de saúde pública, proporcionando subsídios para a implantação do Programa Estadual da Doença Falciforme do Piauí.Hemoglobin variants (Hb) result from mutations in globin genes, with amino acid substitution in the polypeptide chain. Among the most common structural variants are HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE. The S hemoglobin gene is a high frequency gene across America and Brazil, where it is more frequent in the Southeast and Northeast. The scope of this article is to investigate the presence of hemoglobin variants in 15 quilombos (fugitive slave communities) of Piaui. The sample was of 1,239 people and hemoglobin was screened by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A questionnaire was applied related to gender, ethnicity and consanguinity. Of the samples analyzed, 5.4% had AS sickle cell trait, while SS and SC sickle cell anemia showed a rate of 0.8%, with AC, AD and DD hemoglobin. Of the 1,069 Afro-descendants, 84 revealed hemoglobin abnormalities, 34 being male 53 being female. There were 13 consanguineous marriages among the 84 hemoglobin alterations. The study of hemoglobin variants in 15 former quilombo communities in the state of Piaui contributes to their education in health in the aspects of genetic inheritance of hemoglobin, a relevant public health issue, providing input for the implementation of the State Program of Sickle Cell Disease of Piaui

Usability of Telehealth Systems for Noncommunicable Diseases in Primary Care From the COVID-19 Pandemic Onward: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth was expanded without the opportunity to extensively evaluate the adopted technology's usability.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to synthesize evidence on health professionals' perceptions regarding the usability of telehealth systems in the primary care of individuals with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs; hypertension and diabetes) from the COVID-19 pandemic onward.METHODS: A systematic review was performed of clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective observational studies, and studies that used qualitative data collection and analysis methods published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from March 2020 onward. The databases queried were MEDLINE, Embase, BIREME, IEEE Xplore, BVS, Google Scholar, and grey literature. Studies involving health professionals who used telehealth systems in primary care and managed patients with NCDs from the COVID-19 pandemic onward were considered eligible. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed. Data were extracted to provide a narrative qualitative evidence synthesis of the included articles. The risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies were analyzed. The primary outcome was the usability of telehealth systems, while the secondary outcomes were satisfaction and the contexts in which the telehealth system was used.RESULTS: We included 11 of 417 retrieved studies, which had data from 248 health care professionals. These health care professionals were mostly doctors and nurses with prior experience in telehealth in high- and middle-income countries. Overall, 9 studies (82%) were qualitative studies and 2 (18%) were quasiexperimental or multisite trial studies. Moreover, 7 studies (64%) addressed diabetes, 1 (9%) addressed diabetes and hypertension, and 3 (27%) addressed chronic diseases. Most studies used a survey to assess usability. With a moderate confidence level, we concluded that health professionals considered the usability of telehealth systems to be good and felt comfortable and satisfied. Patients felt satisfied using telehealth. The most important predictor for using digital health technologies was ease of use. The main barriers were technological challenges, connectivity issues, low computer literacy, inability to perform complete physical examination, and lack of training. Although the usability of telehealth systems was considered good, there is a need for research that investigates factors that may influence the perceptions of telehealth usability, such as differences between private and public services; differences in the level of experience of professionals, including professional experience and experience with digital tools; and differences in gender, age groups, occupations, and settings.CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated incredible demand for virtual care. Professionals' favorable perceptions of the usability of telehealth indicate that it can facilitate access to quality care. Although there are still challenges to telehealth, more than infrastructure challenges, the most reported challenges were related to empowering people for digital health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021296887; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=296887.INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.21801/ppcrj.2022.82.6.</p

Prevalence of hemoglobin variants in quilombola communities in the state of Piauí, Brazil

<p></p><p>Abstract Hemoglobin variants (Hb) result from mutations in globin genes, with amino acid substitution in the polypeptide chain. Among the most common structural variants are HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE. The S hemoglobin gene is a high frequency gene across America and Brazil, where it is more frequent in the Southeast and Northeast. The scope of this article is to investigate the presence of hemoglobin variants in 15 quilombos (fugitive slave communities) of Piaui. The sample was of 1,239 people and hemoglobin was screened by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A questionnaire was applied related to gender, ethnicity and consanguinity. Of the samples analyzed, 5.4% had AS sickle cell trait, while SS and SC sickle cell anemia showed a rate of 0.8%, with AC, AD and DD hemoglobin. Of the 1,069 Afro-descendants, 84 revealed hemoglobin abnormalities, 34 being male 53 being female. There were 13 consanguineous marriages among the 84 hemoglobin alterations. The study of hemoglobin variants in 15 former quilombo communities in the state of Piaui contributes to their education in health in the aspects of genetic inheritance of hemoglobin, a relevant public health issue, providing input for the implementation of the State Program of Sickle Cell Disease of Piaui.</p><p></p