Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Shahroud; 2013-2015

Background : One of the most important causes of neonatal death is their Low Birth Weight (less than 2500 grams). Low Birth Weight has a lot of risk factors. Low birth weight will cause physical, mental, and growth problems in the future. In respect to importance of the issue, this study aimed to determine the prevalence rate and risk factors of LBW (Low Birth Weight) in Shahroud, Iran.  Methods: In a cross-sectional research, all mothers who had given birth at Bahar Hospital from 2013 to 2015 entered to the study. The information of the mothers and neonates were extracted from their records. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16 and t-test and chi-square tests. Results: 6677 mothers were enrolled in the study. The mean age of mothers was 27.20±5.43. %4.8of newborn babies had weights equal or less than 2500 grams. There was a significant relation between low birth weight and the mothers who were under 18 years, maternal addiction, and type of delivery (p value= 0.001).Also, there was a significant relationbetween Preterm labor and prevalence of Low Birth Weight, and the need to revive and hospitalization of baby in NICU (p value= 0.001). Conclusions: The infants' health is one of the main factors determining the quality of Health Services in a community. Since the rate of LBW is stillhigh, and this matter leads to a lot of problems for both family and society; preventive actions are recommended

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Shahroud; 2013-2015

Background : One of the most important causes of neonatal death is their Low Birth Weight (less than 2500 grams). Low Birth Weight has a lot of risk factors. Low birth weight will cause physical, mental, and growth problems in the future. In respect to importance of the issue, this study aimed to determine the prevalence rate and risk factors of LBW (Low Birth Weight) in Shahroud, Iran.  Methods: In a cross-sectional research, all mothers who had given birth at Bahar Hospital from 2013 to 2015 entered to the study. The information of the mothers and neonates were extracted from their records. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16 and t-test and chi-square tests. Results: 6677 mothers were enrolled in the study. The mean age of mothers was 27.20±5.43. %4.8of newborn babies had weights equal or less than 2500 grams. There was a significant relation between low birth weight and the mothers who were under 18 years, maternal addiction, and type of delivery (p value= 0.001).Also, there was a significant relationbetween Preterm labor and prevalence of Low Birth Weight, and the need to revive and hospitalization of baby in NICU (p value= 0.001). Conclusions: The infants' health is one of the main factors determining the quality of Health Services in a community. Since the rate of LBW is stillhigh, and this matter leads to a lot of problems for both family and society; preventive actions are recommended

CO2 Adsorption/Desorption in FAU Zeolite Nanocrystals: In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction and in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Study

International audienceThe host–guest and guest–guest interactions governing the CO2 adsorption/desorption in two nanosized zeolite samples with FAU framework type and different Si/Al ratios (Na–X Si/Al = 1.24 and Na–Y Si/Al = 2.54) and cation distribution were investigated by in situ synchrotron high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The two complementary techniques allow probing the CO2 adsorption/desorption in the FAU zeolites at different levels, that is, average structure by XRPD versus local structure by FTIR spectroscopy . The presence of physisorbed CO2 molecules in both zeolites was detected by XRPD, whereas only a high amount of chemisorbed CO2 in the Na–X zeolite was found. The presence of unshielded Na cations and H2O molecules in the supercage of the Na–X sample induces the formation of stable bidentate bicarbonate groups. Evacuating CO2-loaded samples resulted in the efficient removal of physisorbed CO2 from both nanosized zeolites; on the contrary, high temperature is required to remove the chemisorbed species from the nanosized Na–X zeolite. Understanding the CO2 sorption behavior and capacity of nanosized zeolites is of great importance in broadening their use in environmental, clinical, and biomedical applications

Design and synthesis of a series of truncated neplanocin fleximers

In an effort to study the effects of flexibility on enzyme recognition and activity, we have developed several different series of flexible nucleoside analogues in which the purine base is split into its respective imidazole and pyrimidine components. The focus of this particular study was to synthesize the truncated neplanocin A fleximers to investigate their potential anti-protozoan activities by inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase). The three fleximers tested displayed poor anti-trypanocidal activities, with EC50 values around 200 μM. Further studies of the corresponding ribose fleximers, most closely related to the natural nucleoside substrates, revealed low affinity for the known T. brucei nucleoside transporters P1 and P2, which may be the reason for the lack of trypanocidal activity observed

Efficacy of Artesunate + Sulfamethoxypyrazine/Pyrimethamine versus Praziquantel in the Treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in Children

BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the antimalarial artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) artesunate +sulfamethoxypyrazine/pyrimethamine (As+SMP), administered in doses used for malaria, to treat Schistosoma haematobium in school aged children. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:The study was conducted in Djalakorodji, a peri-urban area of Bamako, Mali, using a double blind setup in which As+SMP was compared with praziquantel (PZQ). Urine samples were examined for Schistosoma haematobium on days -1, 0, 28 and 29. Detection of haematuria, and haematological and biochemical exams were conducted on day 0 and day 28. Clinical exams were performed on days 0, 1, 2, and 28. A total of 800 children were included in the trial. The cure rate obtained without viability testing was 43.9% in the As+SMP group versus 53% in the PZQ group (Chi(2) = 6.44, p = 0.011). Egg reduction rates were 95.6% with PZQ in comparison with 92.8% with As+SMP, p = 0.096. The proportion of participants who experienced adverse events related to the medication was 0.5% (2/400) in As+SMP treated children compared to 2.3% (9/399) in the PZQ group (p = 0.033). Abdominal pain and vomiting were the most frequent adverse events in both treatment arms. All adverse events were categorized as mild. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The study demonstrates that PZQ was more effective than As+SMP for treating Schistosoma haematobium. However, the safety and tolerability profile of As+SMP was similar to that seen with PZQ. Our findings suggest that further investigations seem justifiable to determine the dose/efficacy/safety pattern of As+SMP in the treatment of Schistosoma infections. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00510159