HISA big data in biomedicine and healthcare 2013 conference

Additional file 5. Biofilm formation by the S. suis serotype 2 (S2) and serotype 9 (S9) wild-type and agI/II -deficient mutant strains in the absence of porcine fibrinogen. Biofilm formation capacity was quantified after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C in the absence of porcine fibrinogen. Data represent the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments

Caracterization of the functions encoded by conjugative and integrative elements (ICE) integrated in a gene encoding a tRNA lys in streptococcus agalactiae : role in the maintenance of ICE, adaptation and virulence

Le transfert horizontal participe à l'évolution rapide des génomes bactériens. Les éléments intégratifs et conjugatifs (ICE) sont des îlots génomiques capables de se transférer par conjugaison vers une bactérie receveuse. Streptococcus agalactiae est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste qui est à l'origine de problèmes sanitaires et économiques majeurs. Des études ont révélé la présence de nombreux ICE chez cette espèce, notamment à l'extrémité 3' d?un gène codant un ARNtLys. La fonctionnalité de l'ICE intégré à ce locus chez la souche 515 de S. agalactiae a été démontrée. Les fonctions véhiculées par ICE_515_tRNALys et pouvant conférer un avantage adaptatif ont été caractérisées et leur transfert vers d'autres espèces a été évalué. Les résultats ont montré que l'ICE confère à S. agalactiae des propriétés d'adhésion à l'hôte et de formation de biofilm et pourrait être impliqué dans l'agrégation cellulaire. Un antigène I/II codé par l'ICE est impliqué dans des phénotypes d'adhésion. De plus, un nouveau facteur co-hémolytique de type CAMP, codé par l'ICE et qui pourrait être impliqué dans la virulence et la survie des souches, a été caractérisé. La fonctionnalité de ces facteurs de virulence chez des espèces bactériennes pathogènes et non pathogènes a été établie. Les travaux ont également révélé la prévalence et la dynamique évolutive des ICE appartenant à la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys et des fonctions adaptatives codées par ces éléments chez plusieurs espèces de streptocoques. En conclusion, les ICE de la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys représentent des vecteurs de traits phénotypiques importants pour la virulence et la survie chez les streptocoquesHorizontal gene transfer is a rapid mechanism of evolution. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are genomic islands which can transfer by conjugation to recipient bacteria. Streptococcus agalactiae is a human and animal opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for major health and economic problems. Studies revealed the presence of numerous ICEs in S. agalactiae, in particular at the 3' end of a tRNALys encoding gene. The functionality of the element present in strain S. agalactiae 515 was demonstrated and was thus chosen as a model for this study. This work focused on the characterization of adaptive and virulence functions encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys and their transfer to other species. Results indicated that this ICE confers adhesion properties to host, increases biofilm formation and may be involved in cell aggregation. A new protein belonging to the antigens I/II family is involved in fibronectin binding and contributes to the biofilm phenotype. In addition, a new co-hemolytic CAMP factor encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys, which could be involved in virulence and bacterial survival, was identified and characterized. These virulence factors are functional in other bacterial species. This work also revealed the prevalence and evolutionary dynamics of ICE belonging to the family of ICE_515_tRNALys and adaptive functions encoded by these elements in several species of streptococci. In conclusion, ICEs of the ICE_515_tRNALys family represent vectors of phenotypic features important for virulence and survival in streptococc

Caractérisation des fonctions codées par les éléments intégratifs conjugatifs (ICE) intégrés dans un gène codant un ARNt lysine chez Streptococcus agalactiae : rôle dans le maintien des ICE, l'adaptation et la virulence de l'hôte

Horizontal gene transfer is a rapid mechanism of evolution. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are genomic islands which can transfer by conjugation to recipient bacteria. Streptococcus agalactiae is a human and animal opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for major health and economic problems. Studies revealed the presence of numerous ICEs in S. agalactiae, in particular at the 3' end of a tRNALys encoding gene. The functionality of the element present in strain S. agalactiae 515 was demonstrated and was thus chosen as a model for this study. This work focused on the characterization of adaptive and virulence functions encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys and their transfer to other species. Results indicated that this ICE confers adhesion properties to host, increases biofilm formation and may be involved in cell aggregation. A new protein belonging to the antigens I/II family is involved in fibronectin binding and contributes to the biofilm phenotype. In addition, a new co-hemolytic CAMP factor encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys, which could be involved in virulence and bacterial survival, was identified and characterized. These virulence factors are functional in other bacterial species. This work also revealed the prevalence and evolutionary dynamics of ICE belonging to the family of ICE_515_tRNALys and adaptive functions encoded by these elements in several species of streptococci. In conclusion, ICEs of the ICE_515_tRNALys family represent vectors of phenotypic features important for virulence and survival in streptococciLe transfert horizontal participe à l'évolution rapide des génomes bactériens. Les éléments intégratifs et conjugatifs (ICE) sont des îlots génomiques capables de se transférer par conjugaison vers une bactérie receveuse. Streptococcus agalactiae est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste qui est à l'origine de problèmes sanitaires et économiques majeurs. Des études ont révélé la présence de nombreux ICE chez cette espèce, notamment à l'extrémité 3' d'un gène codant un ARNtLys. La fonctionnalité de l'ICE intégré à ce locus chez la souche 515 de S. agalactiae a été démontrée. Les fonctions véhiculées par ICE_515_tRNALys et pouvant conférer un avantage adaptatif ont été caractérisées et leur transfert vers d'autres espèces a été évalué. Les résultats ont montré que l'ICE confère à S. agalactiae des propriétés d'adhésion à l'hôte et de formation de biofilm et pourrait être impliqué dans l'agrégation cellulaire. Un antigène I/II codé par l'ICE est impliqué dans des phénotypes d'adhésion. De plus, un nouveau facteur co-hémolytique de type CAMP, codé par l'ICE et qui pourrait être impliqué dans la virulence et la survie des souches, a été caractérisé. La fonctionnalité de ces facteurs de virulence chez des espèces bactériennes pathogènes et non pathogènes a été établie. Les travaux ont également révélé la prévalence et la dynamique évolutive des ICE appartenant à la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys et des fonctions adaptatives codées par ces éléments chez plusieurs espèces de streptocoques. En conclusion, les ICE de la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys représentent des vecteurs de traits phénotypiques importants pour la virulence et la survie chez les streptocoque

Caractérisation des fonctions codées par les éléments intégratifs conjugatifs (ICE) intégrés dans un gène codant un ARNt lysine chez Streptococcus agalactiae (rôle dans le maintien des ICE, l'adaptation et la virulence de l'hôte)

Le transfert horizontal participe à l'évolution rapide des génomes bactériens. Les éléments intégratifs et conjugatifs (ICE) sont des îlots génomiques capables de se transférer par conjugaison vers une bactérie receveuse. Streptococcus agalactiae est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste qui est à l'origine de problèmes sanitaires et économiques majeurs. Des études ont révélé la présence de nombreux ICE chez cette espèce, notamment à l'extrémité 3' d?un gène codant un ARNtLys. La fonctionnalité de l'ICE intégré à ce locus chez la souche 515 de S. agalactiae a été démontrée. Les fonctions véhiculées par ICE_515_tRNALys et pouvant conférer un avantage adaptatif ont été caractérisées et leur transfert vers d'autres espèces a été évalué. Les résultats ont montré que l'ICE confère à S. agalactiae des propriétés d'adhésion à l'hôte et de formation de biofilm et pourrait être impliqué dans l'agrégation cellulaire. Un antigène I/II codé par l'ICE est impliqué dans des phénotypes d'adhésion. De plus, un nouveau facteur co-hémolytique de type CAMP, codé par l'ICE et qui pourrait être impliqué dans la virulence et la survie des souches, a été caractérisé. La fonctionnalité de ces facteurs de virulence chez des espèces bactériennes pathogènes et non pathogènes a été établie. Les travaux ont également révélé la prévalence et la dynamique évolutive des ICE appartenant à la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys et des fonctions adaptatives codées par ces éléments chez plusieurs espèces de streptocoques. En conclusion, les ICE de la famille d'ICE_515_tRNALys représentent des vecteurs de traits phénotypiques importants pour la virulence et la survie chez les streptocoquesHorizontal gene transfer is a rapid mechanism of evolution. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are genomic islands which can transfer by conjugation to recipient bacteria. Streptococcus agalactiae is a human and animal opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for major health and economic problems. Studies revealed the presence of numerous ICEs in S. agalactiae, in particular at the 3' end of a tRNALys encoding gene. The functionality of the element present in strain S. agalactiae 515 was demonstrated and was thus chosen as a model for this study. This work focused on the characterization of adaptive and virulence functions encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys and their transfer to other species. Results indicated that this ICE confers adhesion properties to host, increases biofilm formation and may be involved in cell aggregation. A new protein belonging to the antigens I/II family is involved in fibronectin binding and contributes to the biofilm phenotype. In addition, a new co-hemolytic CAMP factor encoded by ICE_515_tRNALys, which could be involved in virulence and bacterial survival, was identified and characterized. These virulence factors are functional in other bacterial species. This work also revealed the prevalence and evolutionary dynamics of ICE belonging to the family of ICE_515_tRNALys and adaptive functions encoded by these elements in several species of streptococci. In conclusion, ICEs of the ICE_515_tRNALys family represent vectors of phenotypic features important for virulence and survival in streptococciMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Adaptation to pH and role of PacC in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Fungi are known to adapt to pH partly via specific activation of the Pal signaling pathway and subsequent gene regulation through the transcription factor PacC. The role of PacC in pathogenic fungi has been explored in few species, and each time its partaking in virulence has been found. We studied the impact of pH and the role of PacC in the biology of the rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Conidia formation and germination were affected by pH whereas fungal growth and appressorium formation were not. Growth in vitro and in planta was characterized by alkalinization and ammonia accumulation in the surrounding medium. Expression of the MoPACC gene increased when the fungus was placed under alkaline conditions. Except for MoPALF, expression of the MoPAL genes encoding the pH-signaling components was not influenced by pH. Deletion of PACC caused a progressive loss in growth rate from pH 5 to pH 8, a loss in conidia production at pH 8 in vitro, a loss in regulation of the MoPALF gene, a decreased production of secreted lytic enzymes and a partial loss in virulence towards barley and rice. PacC therefore plays a significant role in M. oryzae's biology, and pH is revealed as one component at work during interaction between the fungus and its host plants

Antigen I/II encoded by integrative and conjugative elements of Streptococcus agalactiae and role in biofilm formation

International audienceStreptococcus agalactiae (i.e. Group B streptococcus, GBS) is a major human and animal pathogen. Genes encoding putative surface proteins and in particular an antigen 1/II have been identified on Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) found in GBS. Antigens I/II are multimodal adhesins promoting colonization of the oral cavity by streptococci such as Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus mu tans. The prevalence and diversity of antigens I/II in GBS were studied by a bioinformatic analysis. It revealed that antigens I/II, which are acquired by horizontal transfer via ICEs, exhibit diversity and are widespread in GBS, in particular in the serotype Ia/ST23 invasive strains. This study aimed at characterizing the impact on GBS biology of proteins encoded by a previously characterized ICE of S. agalactiae (ICE_515-tRNA(Lys)). The production and surface exposition of the antigen I/II encoded by this ICE was examined using RT-PCR and immunoblotting experiments. Surface proteins of ICE_515_tRNA(Lys) were found to contribute to GBS biofilm formation and to fibrinogen binding. Contribution of antigen I/II encoded by SAL 2056 to biofilm formation was also demonstrated. These results highlight the potential for ICEs to spread microbial adhesins between species

Characterization of a new CAMP factor carried by an integrative and conjugative element in Streptococcus agalactiae and spreading in Streptococci

Genetic exchanges between Streptococci occur frequently and contribute to their genome diversification. Most of sequenced streptococcal genomes carry multiple mobile genetic elements including Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) that play a major role in these horizontal gene transfers. In addition to genes involved in their mobility and regulation, ICEs also carry genes that can confer selective advantages to bacteria. Numerous elements have been described in S. agalactiae especially those integrated at the 3' end of a tRNA(Lys) encoding gene. In strain 515 of S. agalactiae, an invasive neonate human pathogen, the ICE (called 515_tRNA(Lys)) is functional and carries different putative virulence genes including one encoding a putative new CAMP factor in addition to the one previously described. This work demonstrated the functionality of this CAMP factor (CAMP factor II) in Lactococcus lactis but also in pathogenic strains of veterinary origin. The search for co-hemolytic factors in a collection of field strains revealed their presence in S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae, but also for the first time in S. equisimilis and S. bovis. Sequencing of these genes revealed the prevalence of a species-specific factor in S. uberis strains (Uberis factor) and the presence of a CAMP factor II encoding gene in S. bovis and S. equisimilis. Furthermore, most of the CAMP factor II positive strains also carried an element integrated in the tRNA(Lys) gene. This work thus describes a CAMP factor that is carried by a mobile genetic element and has spread to different streptococcal species. Citation: Chuzeville S, Puymege A, Madec J-Y, Haenni M, Payot S (2012) Characterization of a New CAMP Factor Carried by an Integrative and Conjugative Element in Streptococcus agalactiae and Spreading in Streptococci. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48918. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.004891

The effect of reduced sodium chloride content on the development of fluorescent Pseudomonas in a Reblochon-like cheese

The effect of reduced sodium chloride content on the development of fluorescent Pseudomonas in a Reblochon-like cheese. Microbial Spoilers in Food 201

Impact of <i>MoPACC</i> deletion on the fungus biology.

<p>(a) Conidia production in the parental (P), control (C2 (ectopic)) and mutant (T2) strains grown for 14 days on solid rice medium buffered to pH 5 (grey) or to pH 8 (black). (b) Pathogenicity tests on barley leaves infected by conidia from the parent, mutant and complemented strains. Lesions on 10 separate leaves were counted after 5 days of incubation. All experiments were run in triplicates and standard deviations are shown.</p

Expression of CAMP factor II in pathogenic streptococcal strains.

<p>A. CAMP test using (1) <i>S. bovis</i> 1052 wt, (2) <i>S. bovis</i> (pOri23-camp⁵¹⁵), (3) <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> 593 wt, (4) <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> (pOri23-camp⁵¹⁵) and (5) GBS strain 515 as control; B. co-hemolytic activity was monitored in <i>S. bovis</i> 1052 (filled circle with pOri23-camp⁵¹⁵ and empty circle without) and in <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> (filled squares with pOri23-camp⁵¹⁵ and empty squares without treatment). Hemolytic activity was measured at OD₆₃₀ every 30 min using a microplate reader. The experiment was done in triplicate using three independent biological samples. Errors bars represent the standard deviation observed between the 9 values obtained for each strain. Controls without SMase treatment were carried out (data not shown).</p