The Effect of Family Separation and Reunification on the Educational Success of Immigrant Children in the United States

For many immigrants, especially those from Central America and Mexico, it is common for a mother or father (or both) to migrate to the United States and leave their children behind. Then, after the parent(s) have achieved some degree of stability in the United States, the children follow. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, we examined the hypothesis that separation during migration results in problems at school after re-unification. We find that children separated from parents during migration are more likely to be behind others their age in school and are more likely to drop out of high school.immigrant children, education, family separation

Patient-centred haemorrhoidal disease management

Haemorrhoidal disease (HD) is the most common anal condition in the Netherlands. Despite the fact that many people suffer from this ailment, relatively little high-quality research is conducted. Therefore, the scientific evidence for the treatment of this burdensome disease is limited. For all grades of HD, the general practitioner recommends laxation and a high-fiber diet as the first treatment step. In case of persistent symptoms or higher HD grades, hemorrhoids are treated in the hospital using a rubber band (rubber band ligation) that cuts off the blood supply to the hemorrhoids. However, for one in three patients (about 15,000 per year), this treatment is not adequate and the symptoms re-occur. Both repeated rubber band ligation and surgical interventions can provide relief, choosing either to excise the hemorrhoids (hemorrhoidectomy) or to suspend them from surrounding tissue (mucopexy). This thesis describes the study protocol for a randomized trial of the most (cost-)effective treatment strategy for recurrent hemorrhoids, comparing rubber band ligation, hemorrhoidectomy, and mucopexy. The most common symptoms of hemorrhoids are blood loss, prolapse, pain, itching, and fluid loss, and can have a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. The severity of these symptoms and the burden on a patient's life can be measured using a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). A PROM is an instrument that provides a broader understanding of a patient's disease burden, without the healthcare provider's intervention. To test the symptom burden of complaints of hemorrhoids, the PROM-Haemorrhoidal Impact and Satisfaction Score (PROM-HISS) was developed. This thesis describes the design, validation and translation of this instrument into English. The PROM-HISS can be used successfully for scientific purposes and daily clinical practice.<br/

Who Are the Remaining Uninsured and Why Haven't They Signed Up for Coverage? Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Affordable Care Act Tracking Survey, FebruaryApril 2016

The number of uninsured people in the United States has declined by an estimated 20 million since the Affordable Care Act went into effect in 2010. Yet, an estimated 24 million people still lack health insurance. Goal: To examine the characteristics of the remaining uninsured adults and their reasons for not enrolling in marketplace plans or Medicaid. Methods: Analysis of the Commonwealth Fund ACA Tracking Survey, February–April 2016. Key findings and conclusions: There have been notable shifts in the demographic composition of the uninsured since the law's major coverage expansions went into effect in 2014. Latinos have become a growing share of the uninsured, rising from 29 percent in 2013 to 40 percent in 2016. Whites have become a declining share, falling from half the uninsured in 2013 to 41 percent in 2016. The uninsured are very poor: 39 percent of uninsured adults have incomes below the federal poverty level, twice the rate of their overall representation in the adult population. Of uninsured adults who are aware of the marketplaces or who have tried to enroll for coverage, the majority point to affordability concerns as a reason for not signing up

In situ structures of the genome and genome-delivery apparatus in a single-stranded RNA virus.

Packaging of the genome into a protein capsid and its subsequent delivery into a host cell are two fundamental processes in the life cycle of a virus. Unlike double-stranded DNA viruses, which pump their genome into a preformed capsid, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses, such as bacteriophage MS2, co-assemble their capsid with the genome; however, the structural basis of this co-assembly is poorly understood. MS2 infects Escherichia coli via the host 'sex pilus' (F-pilus); it was the first fully sequenced organism and is a model system for studies of translational gene regulation, RNA-protein interactions, and RNA virus assembly. Its positive-sense ssRNA genome of 3,569 bases is enclosed in a capsid with one maturation protein monomer and 89 coat protein dimers arranged in a T = 3 icosahedral lattice. The maturation protein is responsible for attaching the virus to an F-pilus and delivering the viral genome into the host during infection, but how the genome is organized and delivered is not known. Here we describe the MS2 structure at 3.6 Å resolution, determined by electron-counting cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and asymmetric reconstruction. We traced approximately 80% of the backbone of the viral genome, built atomic models for 16 RNA stem-loops, and identified three conserved motifs of RNA-coat protein interactions among 15 of these stem-loops with diverse sequences. The stem-loop at the 3' end of the genome interacts extensively with the maturation protein, which, with just a six-helix bundle and a six-stranded β-sheet, forms a genome-delivery apparatus and joins 89 coat protein dimers to form a capsid. This atomic description of genome-capsid interactions in a spherical ssRNA virus provides insight into genome delivery via the host sex pilus and mechanisms underlying ssRNA-capsid co-assembly, and inspires speculation about the links between nucleoprotein complexes and the origins of viruses

The effect of family separation and reunification on the educational success of immigrant children in the United States

For many immigrants, especially those from Central America and Mexico, it is common for a mother or father (or both) to migrate to the United States and leave their children behind. Then, after the parent(s) have achieved some degree of stability in the United States, the children follow. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, we examined the hypothesis that separation during migration results in problems at school after re-unification. We find that children separated from parents during migration are more likely to be behind others their age in school and are more likely to drop out of high school

Group approach to the paraxial propagation of Hermite–Gaussian modes in a parabolic medium

Física Teórica. Atómica y Óptic

Autoethnographies Exploring the Cultural Spirit Murdering and Nurturing of Three Minority Educators in K-12

This autoethnography sought to understand how our experiences during our K-12 journey as three minority students shaped our identities as students and our teaching style today. An autoethnography allowed us to analyze our experiences through the lens of Cultural Spirit Nurturing and Cultural Spirit Murdering. Cultural Spirit Nurturing, as we defined it, is the acceptance, respect, and inclusion of different cultures, ethnicities, nationalities, races, languages, and religions in society. We dissected our lived moments as Pakistani Muslim American, African American, and Mexican American students turned educators, defined them as Cultural Spirit Nurturing or Murdering, and bridged them with the concepts of intersectionality and LatCrit (Latino/a Critical Race Theory), MusCrit (Muslim Critical Race Theory), and BlackCrit (Black Critical Race Theory) within Critical Race Theory. This allowed us to further examine the long-lasting effects these experiences made on our choices throughout our lives

Security Culture and its Self-Assessment as Supplementary Tools for Nuclear Security Training

Security Culture and its Self-Assessment as Supplementary Tools for Nuclear Security Training Igor Khripunov, PhD Center for International Trade and Security, University of Georgia (USA) Sara Z. Kutchesfahani, PhD Center for International Trade and Security, University of Georgia (USA) Khairul Khairul National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) Abstract Nuclear security culture – an emerging and widely recognized practice – serves as a means to support and enhance nuclear security. In fact, many International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) publications and the Nuclear Security Summits have highlighted the vital role of nuclear security culture and raised its status to the same level as physical protection and material accountancy. Consequently, there is a great need to include the concept of nuclear security culture and its self-assessment methodology in existing nuclear security education and training programs as a cross-cutting topic and as a means to improve the efficiency of the currently applied learning methods. This paper outlines the importance of including training modules on nuclear security culture and its self-assessment as a way in which to improve and complement existing nuclear security education and training programs