Party competition and emotive rhetoric

When do parties use emotive rhetoric to appeal to voters? In this article, we argue that politicians are more likely to employ positive affect (valence) in their rhetoric to appeal to voters when parties are not ideologically distinct and when there is uncertainty about public preferences. To test these propositions, our article uses well-established psycholinguistic affect dictionaries to generate scores from three time series of political text: British party manifestos (1900-2015) and annual party leaders’ speeches (1977-2014) as well as U.S. Presidents’ State of the Union addresses (1880-2016). Our findings corroborate our expectations and have important implications for the study of party competition by illuminating the role of valence in the way politicians communicate their policies

La literatura comparada en el fin de siglo.

Fil: Bernheimer, Charles. Universidad de Pensilvania; Estados UnidosFil: Arac, Jonathan. Universidad de Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Hirsch, Marianne. Universidad de Columbia; Estados UnidosFil: Jones, Ann Rosalind. Universidad de Bangor; GalesFil: Judy, Ronald. Universidad de Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Krupat, Arnold. Sarah Lawrence College; Estados UnidosFil: LaCapra, Dominick. Universidad Cornell; Estados UnidosFil: Molloy, Sylvia. Universidad de París; FranciaFil: Nichols, Steve. Universidad de Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Suleri, Sara. Universidad Yale; Estados UnidosTraducción de Claudia Gilman

An Inserted α/β Subdomain Shapes the Catalytic Pocket of Lactobacillus johnsonii Cinnamoyl Esterase

Microbial enzymes produced in the gastrointestinal tract are primarily responsible for the release and biochemical transformation of absorbable bioactive monophenols. In the present work we described the crystal structure of LJ0536, a serine cinnamoyl esterase produced by the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2.We crystallized LJ0536 in the apo form and in three substrate-bound complexes. The structure showed a canonical α/β fold characteristic of esterases, and the enzyme is dimeric. Two classical serine esterase motifs (GlyXSerXGly) can be recognized from the amino acid sequence, and the structure revealed that the catalytic triad of the enzyme is formed by Ser(106), His(225), and Asp(197), while the other motif is non-functional. In all substrate-bound complexes, the aromatic acyl group of the ester compound was bound in the deepest part of the catalytic pocket. The binding pocket also contained an unoccupied area that could accommodate larger ligands. The structure revealed a prominent inserted α/β subdomain of 54 amino acids, from which multiple contacts to the aromatic acyl groups of the substrates are made. Inserts of this size are seen in other esterases, but the secondary structure topology of this subdomain of LJ0536 is unique to this enzyme and its closest homolog (Est1E) in the Protein Databank.The binding mechanism characterized (involving the inserted α/β subdomain) clearly differentiates LJ0536 from enzymes with similar activity of a fungal origin. The structural features herein described together with the activity profile of LJ0536 suggest that this enzyme should be clustered in a new group of bacterial cinnamoyl esterases

Creating a Culture of Health in Planning and Implementing Innovative Strategies Addressing Non-communicable Chronic Diseases

Ongoing demographic changes are challenging health systems worldwide especially in relation to increasing longevity and the resultant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To meet these challenges, a paradigm shift to a more proactive approach to health promotion, and maintenance is needed. This new paradigm focuses on creating and implementing an ecological model of Culture of Health. The conceptualization of the Culture of Health is defined as one where good health and well-being flourish across geographic, demographic, and social sectors; fostering healthy equitable communities where citizens have the opportunity to make choices and be co-producers of healthy lifestyles. Based on Antonovsky's Salutogenesis model which asserts that the experience of health moves along a continuum across the lifespan, we will identify the key drivers for achieving a Culture of Health. These include mindset/expectations, sense of community, and civic engagement. The present article discusses these drivers and identifies areas where policy and research actions are needed to advance positive change on population health and well-being. We highlight empirical evidence of drivers within the EU guided by the activities within the thematic Action Groups of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging (EIP on AHA), focusing on Lifespan Health Promotion and Prevention of Age-Related Frailty and Disease (A3 Action Group). We will specifically focus on the effect of Culture on Health, highlighting cross-cutting drivers across domains such as innovations at the individual and community level, and in synergies with business, policy, and research entities. We will present examples of drivers for creating a Culture of Health, the barriers, the remaining gaps, and areas of future research to achieve an inclusive and sustainable asset-based community

Handbook of Research on the Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Photography

Over the past year colleagues from LCC and UAL's Experimental Pedagogies Research Group (EPRG), Dr Nela Milic (EPRG), Dr Paul Lowe, Dr Mark Ingham (EPRG), along with two UAL PhD alumni, Dr Vasileios Kantas and Dr Sara Andersdotter (EPRG) have editied the Handbook of Research on the Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Photography. This key volume of research has 27 chapters by leading practitioners in the fields of memory, photography, and autobiography. It includes chapters from Dr Jennifer Good and Sophy Rickett from LCC, with contributions from two LCC doctoral students, Elin Karlsson (EPRG and Mireia Ludevid Llop (EPRG). Other UAL colleagues who successfully submitted chapters were Natalie Payne from LCF and Tim Stephens (EPRG) from the Exchange. Description: Autobiographical memory and photography have been inextricably linked since the first photographs appeared during the 19th century. These links have often been described from each other's discipline in ways that often have led to misunderstandings about the complex relationships between them. The Handbook of Research on the Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Photography covers many aspects of the multiple relationships between autobiographical memory and photography such as the idea that memory and photography can be seen as forms of mental time travel and the effect photography has on autobiographical memory. Covering key topics such as identity, trauma, and remembrance, this major reference work is ideal for industry professionals, sociologists, psychologists, artists, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, educators, and students