The Burden of Premature Mortality in Turkey in 2001 and 2008

Background: Standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) is a measure that is used to evaluate losses due to premature deaths. Aims: The present study provides an analysis of premature mortality in Turkey for the years 2001 and 2008 and supplies evidence for making policies and setting health agendas over the long term. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study calculated SEYLL by gender, age group and causes of death in Turkey in 2014. The SEYLL measure counts the years lost in a population as a result of premature mortality and is computed by multiplying the number of deaths and standard life expectancy at the age at which death occurs. Results: The burden of premature mortality in Turkey was calculated as 4 104 253 SEYLL and 4 472 443 SEYLL in 2001 and 2008, respectively. Among these 42.7% and 43.9% of SEYLL were in females in 2001 and 2008, respectively. The leading five causes of premature mortality in the Turkish population in 2001 were cardiovascular system diseases (34.72%), perinatal conditions (12.69%), neoplasms (12.51%), external causes of injury (7.66%), and infections and parasitic diseases (6.57%). In 2008, the major causes were cardiovascular diseases (41.17%), neoplasms (14.63%), respiratory system diseases (9.81%), perinatal conditions (5.59%), and external causes of injury (5.29%). Conclusion: The majority of the burden of premature mortality in Turkey is attributable to non-communicable diseases. While premature deaths from infections and parasitic diseases, perinatal conditions and congenital anomalies decreased between 2001 and 2008, deaths from cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms and respiratory system diseases increased dramatically. Coordinated efforts for effective national prevention programs (such as regular monitoring of adults for early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and for malignancies by family physicians) should be developed by policy makers to decrease preventable and premature deaths from non-communicable diseases

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the HMSÖ

Giriş: Öğrencilerin mesleği nasıl algıladıkları, mezuniyet öncesi eğitiminden yararlanma ve mezuniyet sonrası hizmet niteliklerini etkilemesi nedeniyle sorgulama gerektiren önemli bir durumdur. Amaç: Hemşirelikte Meslek Seçimi Ölçeğinin (HMSÖ) Türkçe Formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin araştırılması amacıyla metodolojik tipte yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, Namık Kemal ve Trakya Üniversitelerinin Hemşirelik Bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 365 öğrenciye, orijinali Zysberg ve Berry tarafından geliştirilen HMSÖ Türkçe formu ve yapılandırılmış bilgi formu uygulanarak, metodolojik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, t testi, pearson korelasyon ve faktör ve iç tutarlılık analizleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ölçeğin dil geçerliği çalışmasında, üç uzman tarafından Türkçe’ye çevirisi, bir uzman tarafından İngilizce’ye geri çevirisi yapılmıştır. İçerik geçerliği için 10 uzmandan görüş alınmış, yapılan analizde uzman görüşleri arasında uyum olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Toplam varyansın %47.44’ünün açıklandığı iki faktörlü yapıda, F1 varyansın %30.21’ini, F2 ise %17.23’ünü açıklamaktadır. Cronbach ?; F1 için .77, F2 için .63, tüm ölçek için .79, test-tekrar test güvenilirliği için 74 katılımcıya yapılan uygulamada .84 bulunmuştur. Toplam ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Eş değerlilik analizinde, GKSÖ (Güdülenme Kaynakları ve Sorunları Ölçeği) ile HMSÖ arasında pozitif yönde, çok güçlü ve anlamlı (r= .95, p< .000) ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: HMSÖ Türkçe formu hemşirelik öğrencilerinin meslek seçme kararlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır.Background: Students&amp;#8217; perception of the profession is important, because it has effect on quality of postgraduated services and improve gradute degree education quality. Objectives: Turkish version of the HMS&Ouml; was performed by methodologically to examine reliability and validity. Methods: The validity and reliabilty of Turkish version of HMS&Ouml;, which were created by Zysberg and Berry, and configured information form were assessed in a sample of 365 nursing students from Namık Kemal University and Trakya University. This study was methodically carried out. Datas were evaluated with using paired samples t test, factor analysis, pearson correlation, cronbach alpha. Results: Turkish translations were done by 3 experts, back translations to English were done by 1 expert at the study of linguistic analysis for scale. Content validity was done by taking decisions of 10 different experts. Results has been showed a harmony at the decisions of experts. Principle component analysis revealed 2 factors (&amp;#8220;congruence&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;survival/need&amp;#8221;) explaining 47.44% of the total variance. F1 is explaining %30.21 of variance, F2 is explaining % 17.23 of variance. Reliability analysis showed that Cronbach alpha coefficients for total questionnaire was .79. Cronbach&amp;#8217;s alpha coefficients for &amp;#8220;congruence&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;survival/need&amp;#8221; subscales were .77 and .63. The correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability were .84. Test-retest point average of whole scale was comparable and no statistically significant difference was found. Coefficient of Equivalance was examined with correlation between Occupational Learning Motivation Scale and Nursing Career Decision Scale and there was positively significant corelated (r= .95, p&lt; .01). Conclusion: These results suggest that Turkish HMS&Ouml; is a reliable and valid measurement to define factors that affect nursing students&amp;#8217; career choosing

The assessment of sexual knowledge, marital characteristics, sexual function and satisfaction in women with lifelong vaginismus

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı vajinismusu olan ve olmayan kadınlarda cinsel öykü, evlilik özellikleri, cinsel işlev ve doyum düzeyini karşılaştırmaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Çalışma psikiyatri bölümüne başvuran ve yaşam boyu vajinismus tanısı alan 36 kadın hasta ve vajinismusu ve ağrılı cinsel aktivite öyküsü olmayan 36 kişilik kontrol grubunu içermektedir. Toplam 72 katılımcı yapılandırılmış bir soru formu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu form araştırmacılar tarafından cinsel sorunu olan hastaları değerlendirmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır ve sosyodemografik verileri, tıbbi ve cinsel öyküyü ayrıntılı olarak sorgulayan soruları içermektedir. Bütün katılımcılar ayrıca Golombok Rust Cinsel Doyum Ölçeği (GRCDÖ) ile de değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Vajinismuslu kadınlar daha fazla görücü usulü evlenme, cinsel bilgi yetersizliği, eşlerinde cinsel işlev bozukluğu, evlilik öncesi cinsel deneyimsizlik, cinsel işlevsellik sorunları ve cinsel doyumda azalma bildirmişlerdir (p<0.05). İlginç olarak, haftalık cinsel aktivite girişimi sayısı açısından yapılan karşılaştırma, vajinismuslu grubun anlamlı olarak daha fazla cinsel ilişki girişiminde bulunduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sonuç: Eşte cinsel işlev bozukluğu varlığı dahil olmak üzere pek çok değişken yaşam boyu vajinismusla ilişkilidir. Hastalar cinsel birleşme girişimi sayısını artırarak vajinismus sorununun üstesinden gelme eğilimindedir.Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the sexual history traits, marital characteristics, sexual function and satisfaction level in women with and without vaginismus. Patients and Methods: The study included 36 female patients with lifelong vaginismus who presented at the psychiatry department and 36 control subjects without vaginismus or painful sexual activity. All 72 subjects were evaluated by a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by researchers for assessing sexually dysfunctional patients and included detailed questions with regard to socio-demoghraphic variables, general medical and sexual history. All participant also received the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). Results: Women with vaginismus more frequently reported a history of arranged marriage, partners' sexual dysfunction, lack of sexual knowledge, less premarital sexual experience, lower levels of sexual functioning and satisfaction (p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, frequency of weekly sexual activity (intercourse or attempted intercourse) comparisons revealed that the vaginismus group reported more attempts. Conclusion: Several variables including partners' sexual dysfunction are associated with lifelong vaginismus. These patients tend to overcome this problem by increasing the frequency of intercourse attempt

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the HMSÖ

Giriş: Öğrencilerin mesleği nasıl algıladıkları, mezuniyet öncesi eğitiminden yararlanma ve mezuniyet sonrası hizmet niteliklerini etkilemesinedeniyle sorgulama gerektiren önemli bir durumdur. Amaç: Hemşirelikte Meslek Seçimi Ölçeğinin (HMSÖ) Türkçe Formunun geçerlilikve güvenilirliğinin araştırılması amacıyla metodolojik tipte yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, Namık Kemal ve Trakya ÜniversitelerininHemşirelik Bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 365 öğrenciye, orijinali Zysberg ve Berry tarafından geliştirilen HMSÖ Türkçe formu veyapılandırılmış bilgi formu uygulanarak, metodolojik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, t testi, pearson korelasyon ve faktör ve iç tutarlılıkanalizleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ölçeğin dil geçerliği çalışmasında, üç uzman tarafından Türkçe'ye çevirisi, bir uzman tarafındanİngilizce'ye geri çevirisi yapılmıştır. İçerik geçerliği için 10 uzmandan görüş alınmış, yapılan analizde uzman görüşleri arasında uyumolduğuna karar verilmiştir. Toplam varyansın %47.44'ünün açıklandığı iki faktörlü yapıda, F1 varyansın %30.21'ini, F2 ise %17.23'ünüaçıklamaktadır. Cronbach α; F1 için .77, F2 için .63, tüm ölçek için .79, test-tekrar test güvenilirliği için 74 katılımcıya yapılan uygulamada.84 bulunmuştur. Toplam ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Eş değerlilik analizinde, GKSÖ (GüdülenmeKaynakları ve Sorunları Ölçeği) ile HMSÖ arasında pozitif yönde, çok güçlü ve anlamlı (r= .95, p&lt; .000) ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç:HMSÖ Türkçe formu hemşirelik öğrencilerinin meslek seçme kararlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli vegüvenilir bir araçtır. Background: Students' perception of the profession is important, because it has effect on quality of postgraduated services and improvegradute degree education quality. Objectives: Turkish version of the HMSÖ was performed by methodologically to examine reliability andvalidity. Methods: The validity and reliabilty of Turkish version of HMSÖ, which were created by Zysberg and Berry, and configuredinformation form were assessed in a sample of 365 nursing students from Namık Kemal University and Trakya University. This study wasmethodically carried out. Datas were evaluated with using paired samples t test, factor analysis, pearson correlation, cronbach alpha.Results: Turkish translations were done by 3 experts, back translations to English were done by 1 expert at the study of linguistic analysisfor scale. Content validity was done by taking decisions of 10 different experts. Results has been showed a harmony at the decisions ofexperts. Principle component analysis revealed 2 factors ("congruence" and "survival/need") explaining 47.44% of the total variance. F1 isexplaining %30.21 of variance, F2 is explaining % 17.23 of variance. Reliability analysis showed that Cronbach alpha coefficients for totalquestionnaire was .79. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for "congruence" and "survival/need" subscales were .77 and .63. The correlationcoefficients for test-retest reliability were .84. Test-retest point average of whole scale was comparable and no statistically significantdifference was found. Coefficient of Equivalance was examined with correlation between Occupational Learning Motivation Scale andNursing Career Decision Scale and there was positively significant corelated (r= .95, p&lt; .01). Conclusion: These results suggest thatTurkish HMSÖ is a reliable and valid measurement to define factors that affect nursing students' career choosing

The Struggle for Clean Air in Turkey and in the World

Bu çalışmada Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de hava kirliliği, hava kirliliğine karşı yürütülen mücadelelerin tarihçesinin örnekleriyle birlikte sunulması amaçlanmıştır.n this review paper, it was aimed to present the air pollution in Turkey and in the World and the history of the struggle against air pollution along with the examples

The Smartphone Addiction Levels and the Association With Communication Skills in Nursing and Medical School Students

Background The use of smartphones among young people is quite common. However, smartphones are associated with negative effects when used excessively. It has been reported that smartphone use may adversely affect learning in the classroom, cause safety issues, and negatively affect interpersonal communications. Purpose The aims of this study were to determine the level of smartphone addiction among nursing and medical school students and to examine the effect of smartphone addiction level on communication skills. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with medical school and nursing students at a public university (502 participants). Data were collected using a personal information form, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Communication Skills Assessment Scale. Results All of the participants in the study owned smartphones. Most (70.9%) were female, and 58.2% were in the nursing program. The participants used smartphones for a mean time of 5.07 +/- 3.32 hours a day, primarily for messaging. The mean total SAS-SV score for the participants was 31.89 +/- 9.90, and a significant difference in SAS-SV mean scores was found with regard to the variables of department, gender, daily smartphone use duration, academic success, status regarding smartphone use in the classroom, participation in sports, easy communication with patients and relatives, preferred mode of communication, health problems tied to phone use, and injury status (p < .05). In addition, a positive weak-to-moderate relationship was found between SAS-SV mean scores and the variables of daily smartphone use duration and years of smartphone use, whereas a negative weak relationship was found between SAS-SV mean scores and Communication Skills Assessment Scale scores. Daily smartphone use duration was found to be the most important predictor of smartphone addiction. Conclusions/Implications for Practice Higher SAS-SV scores have a negative impact on interpersonal communication and social life and reduce learning efficacy in students. Therefore, students and lecturers should be better informed regarding the benefits and risks of smartphone use in education, with precautions provided against excessive and needless use

Gençlik cinsel sağlığı: Türkiye'deki bir üniversitede öğrenciler arasında cinsel bilgi, tutumlar ve davranışlar]

Introduction: To determine sexual attitudes, behavior, and knowledge of Namik Kemal University (NKU) students about sexual health and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Method: A sample representing 10% of the undergraduate population of NKU in 2009-2010, was studied. Of 1,500 questionnaires distributed, 1,314 (87.6%) were filled out. Results: The mean age of the respondents (52.9% male) was 20.07 +/- 1.75 years. The rate of students who had received sexual health education was 32.0%, and 15.3% had previously used a sexual health service. Eleven percent of the female students and 50.3% of the male students had had sexual intercourse. The average age of initial sexual intercourse was 16.83 +/- 2.07 years. Of the students who had had sexual intercourse, 46.6% reported that they did not use any contraception method. The most preferred method was condoms (37.6%). The rate of contraceptive use was 58.7% in sexually educated students and 43.9% in those not educated (p=0.004). The most well-known STI was AIDS (96.5%), with sexually educated students giving higher rates of correct answers about STIs (p<0.05) Conclusion: The students who had received sexual health education were more knowledgeable about vital consequences of STI's, even though it is not sufficient, than sexually active students. Awareness of safe sexual practices and changes in behavior, in particular, promoting condom use should be established in higher risk youths. Deficiencies in knowledge could be addressed by adding a sexual healthtraining component to the university curriculum, and unmet requirements could be met by reorganizing medico-social centers in universities

Increase of Knowledge Level of Nursing Students About Occupational Health and Safety

Aim:This aim of the study is to determine the knowledge of nursing students about work related risk factors, work accidents and occupational diseases and to raise the awareness of the about occupational health and safety.Materials and Methods:This study was carried out as a semi-experimental study. It was conducted with the 62 Namık Kemal University, College of Health, Nursing Department third class students who accepted to participate, between February and May 2015. After applying a pre-test, a training program about occupational health and safety was implemented to the students and a post-test was applied at the end of the training program. The content of training program and pre-test and post-test were developed by the researchers. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Ver.18 and descriptive statistics were used.Results:The meanage of students is 21.70±1.32. nearly eighty percent of them female and 21% of them stil working in a health facility. The ratio of the true answers about the description of occupational health, work related risk factors, risk groups, occupational diseases, protection principles and precautionary measures is 20% in pre-test and it raised nearly 90-95% in post-test.Conclusion:A significant increase in the knowledge and awareness of the nursing students was determined with the training program. Occupational health and safety coursess hould be implemented to curriculum of health colleges

To Determine The Performance of Family Physicians Working In A District Of Tekirdağ Using Data Envelopment Analysis

Aim:In our country, the 2000s was a period in which implementations of reform in the health field were brought to the agenda. The Health Transformation Program (HTP) developed in this process has firstly necessitated changes in the presentation of primary health care services. As a first for primary health care, family physicians (FP) were adopted, and there was an attempt to offer a personalized preventive and curative health service in this way. Performance evaluations of family physicians in the presentation of health care services are an assessment which has been spoken about quite frequently in the recent period and also overrated by the Ministry of Health.Material and Methods:Due to the importance and necessity of the subject this study proposed to determine the performance of family physicians working in a district of Tekirdağ using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the determination of areas of disruption and the development of recommendations for a development system in the health services provided by family physicians.Results:Nine FPs are working in the district but there is a lack of a physician in the roaming service area. Data were presented it did not contribute to the calculation of DEA. In the region, 8 of the FPs’ performance were 100%. In terms of accessible resources, it is observed that FP performance can change depending on geography, the population of urban and rural settlements, age, ethnic group and sociodemographic characteristics such as education. The population of the region where the study was carried out has a homogenous, limited and closed geography affected by similar demographic dynamics to a similar degree.Conclusion:In this area, family physicians have a population of similar characteristics. Hundred percent of the available performance may be associated with the reasons stated above. More large-scale analysis should be performed so that the whole province is evaluated or a few districts are evaluated with each other in order to achieve more accurate results

Who Should We Trust for Safe Blood? Microbiological Evaluation of Kızılay Blood Donation Center Studies in Tekirdag

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Tekirdağ İlinde Kızılay Kan Bağışı Merkezi'ne (KKBM) yapılan gönüllü kan bağışı başvurularını ve mikrobiyolojik test sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan araştırma KKBM' nin 2010 yılı kayıtlarının incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Veriler rutin kayıt sistemindeki bilgilerden düzenlenerek elde edildi. Çalışmanın evrenini 2010 yılında KKBM'ne gönüllü kan bağışçısı olmak için başvuran 8451 kişi oluşturdu. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemleri kullanıldı. Karşılaştırmalı analizlerde Tek yönlü varyans analizi, Student t ve Chi-square testi uygulandı. Sonuçlar, %95 güven aralığında ve iki yönlü olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: 2010'da KKBM'ne 8451 gönüllü kan bağışı başvurusu yapıldı. Gönüllü kan bağışçısı olarak başvuran 8451 kişinin %82.3'ünün başvurusu kabul edildi (n=6952). Kabul edilmeyen kanların %17.6'sı (n=1489) geçici, %0.1'i (n=10) kesin ret tanısı aldı; alınan kanların % 0.3'ü (n=23) reaktif sonuç nedeniyle imha edildi. Kanların %1.11'inde (n=77) mikrobiyolojik tarama testleri pozitif bulundu. HBsAg pozitifliği %0.98, Anti-HCV pozitifliği %0.10 ve VDRL serolojik pozitifliği %0.03 bulundu. Anti-HIV pozitif kan saptanmadı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda VDRL/RPR pozitifliği ülkemiz verileriyle benzer bulunurken, HBsAg ve Anti-HCV pozitifliğinin Türkiye geneline göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applications for voluntary blood donation and microbiological test results in Kızılay Blood Donation Center, Tekirdağ. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involves the recordings of Kızılay Blood Donation Center, Tekirdağ in 2010. Data were obtained from the routine registration system by editing the information. The study population included 8451 people who applied for voluntary blood donation to Kızılay Blood Donation Center, Tekirdağ in 2010. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, One-Way Analyses of Variance, Student t and the Pearson chi-square significance test. All the statistical analyses were evaluated within a 95% two-sided confidence interval (CI).Results: 8451 voluntary blood donors applied for donation to Kızılay Blood Donation Center, Tekirdağ in 2010 and 82.3% of them were accepted (n=6952). Of the unacceptable blood 17.6% (n=1489) got temporary and 0.1% definitive diagnosis of rejection; 0.3% (n=23) of the blood were destroyed due to the reactive results. Microbiological screening tests were positive in 1.11% (n=77) of the blood samples. HBsAg, Anti-HCV and VDRL seropositivities were, 0.98%, 0.10% and 0.03% respectively. None of the samples were positive for HIV antibodies. Conclusion: In our study, VDRL / RPR positivity was found to be similar to that of our country, while the HBsAg and Anti-HCV positivity was found to be lower than in Turkey