A Novel Approach for Single-Source 3-Phase 7-level Boost Inverter

In this article, a 3-phase inverter with a voltage gain of three demonstrated via the toggle capacitor concept.It synthesizes a line voltage waveform with seven levels. The most salient feature of this topology is that a single input DC locate is necessaryfor the 3-phase implementation.Each branch of the proposed topology requires eight power electronics switches and 2condenser. The opposite of the current reach their highest across the energyoutlet is equal to the value of the input DC voltage. The capacitors are all self-balanced at all modulation indices. The proposed approach minimizes the cost function to 5.429, as the proposed topology exhibits better topological characteristics mainlythe boosting-factor, overall-voltage and component..Topology with similar features, however, has a const function of 7.333. In addition, the suggested topology is highly modular, so the amount of pole energyscalescould be increased by further adding switched capacitors, and the same arm structures can be used for all phases. However, an important limitation is that the pole voltage is unipolar, and therefore redundant states in phase are not available, although they are readily available in line voltage. The 7-level topology and modulation procedure are verified by result discussion, which represents that with a DC energy of 100 V, a 3-phase voltage with about 300 V could be obtained in equal steps of 100 V, while the pole voltage is a unipolar 4-level peak value 300V in equal steps of 100V

Accounting for the Efficacy of Defense Expenditure to Economic Growth in India

In present era, to preserve a security and sovereignty of the country, it is necessary to spend a significant amount of national income on defense sector. This study instigates the increasing demand of defense expenditure and also to study the growth performance of India’s with special focus on the efficacy of defense expenditure on economic growth. This study adopts an Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Toda-Yamamoto granger non-causality model during the period 1961 to 2017. Overall, the results suggest that India is affected both internally and externally issues and also verifies that defense expenditure and economic growth are positively and significantly affect to each other in both period short run and long run. It advocates that increment in defense expenditure by 1% in current period will help to boost economic growth by 1.15 per cent in the long run. For to the directional relationship the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality outcomes suggest that causality running form DE to GDP which means shows the unidirectional relationship. Accordingly, this designates that defense sector has a crucial efficacy in the development of Indian economies

Economic analysis and resource use efficiency of carrot production in Chitwan district, Nepal

A study was conducted from February to May 2020 to analyze the cost-benefit economics analysis and resource use efficiency of carrot production in Chitwan, Nepal. Altogether 70 households producing carrot were selected randomly and surveyed through the pre-tested semi-structured interview-based schedule. Data was entered and coded using SPSS 25 and analyzed using STATA 12.1. The study revealed that the total variable cost per hectare for carrot production was US $1803.1 and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.81 was estimated. Cobb-Douglas production function models the relationship between production output and production inputs . Production function analysis including seven explanatory variables, showed a significant positive effect of seed cost, tractor cost and human labor cost (P<0.01), fertilizer and manure cost (P<0.05) on gross return but herbicide cost, packaging cost, vitamin and micronutrients cost were found insignificant. The return to scale was found to be 1.42. According to estimated allocative efficiency indices, it is suggested to increase the seed, fertilizer and manure, tractor labor and  human labor costs by approximately 45%, 74%, 67%, and 79% respectively and reduce the herbicide and packaging costs approximately by 116% and 246% respectively. The adoption of modern technologies with adjustments to resource use should be suggested to maximize the productivity and profit from carrot production

IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ITS ANTIBIOGRAM ACTIVITIES

Objectives: The main aim of this work is to determine the antibiogram profile of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical specimens of the patients. Methods: Various bacterial cultures of non-repeated clinical specimens from a total of 3388 patients were determined using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Results: Out of 3388 only 604 (17.02%) displayed growth positive. A total of 65 (51.58%) S. aureus isolates were recovered, 25 (38.46%) were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by Cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion technique, of which majority were from pus/wound swab 22 (37.29%). The antibiogram of the isolates was analyzed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique analyzing Linezolid to be the most effective drug with susceptibility of 100% to both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, followed by vancomycin, tigecycline, and tetracycline. In vitro biofilm production by tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar method detected 52 (80%) and 25 (38.46%) as biofilm producers, respectively. TCP identified 2 (3.07%), 7 (10.76%), and 44 (67.69%) as strongly, moderately, and weakly adherent. About 30.7% of MRSA obtained were positive biofilm producers. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of Oxacillin for S. aureus by agar dilution method ranged from 0.025 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study shows that biofilm production was more in methicillin-resistant strains and displayed a high degree of resistance to almost all groups of antibiotics

Development and Valiation of Stability Indicating Chromatographic Methods for Drugs Used in Bacterial Infection Diseases Applying Experimental Design

This study was motivated by the fact that certain food poisonings and harmful microorganisms in ethanol and water determine roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris). is to exhibit the capacity to eliminate Least inhibitory focuses (MICs) of different plant extricates against Gram-positive microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative microscopic organisms (Escherichia coli, Enteritidis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and parasites (Candida albicans) and antibacterial impacts were explored. It is dissolved and measured using the agar well dispersion technique. The concentrate showed antimicrobial efficacy against the microorganisms and yeast used in the tests. Both pHint reduction and cell layer hyperpolarization indicated that the plant extract had a profound effect on the membranes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Overall, plant extracts have significant potential as unique regular food additives due to their antibacterial properties

Seed yield increase in Niger crop in to relation to honeybee and other pollinators

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) is an important minor oilseed crop of hilly and tribal regions and it is used for oil as well as for various other purposes only by the tribal people. Therefore, a systematic study was arranged to document about the increase in the seed yield of niger crop in relation to honeybees (Aphis mellifera), as a pollinator in niger crop with paired plot technique at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) and at farmer’s field, Vanarasi, Navsari, Gujarat (India) and also studied its relation in terms of cost benefit ratio (CB). The trial was conducted at Niger Research Station (NRS), Vanarasi for 3 years (2013- 14, 2014-15 and 2015-16) and also at farmer's field to ascertain the role and involvement of honey bees (Aphis mellifera) in swelling the seed yield of niger crop (due to pollination) and its effect on income due to increase in the niger seed yield. Significant differences were observed for number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitula, 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both the location for the consecutive 3 years. However, the seed yield and gross returns were considerably higher in first location of T1 Natural plot/ open pollinated with beehive (Aphis mellifera) in all the 3 years data with the maximum seed yield with the gross return was obtained in this treatment

Lead Environmental Pollution in Central India

Non

Transient performance analysis of a single server queuing model with retention of reneging customers

In this paper, we study a single server queuing model with retention of reneging customers. The transient solution of the model is derived using probability generating function technique. The time-dependent mean and variance of the model are also obtained. Some important special cases of the model are derived and discussed. Finally, based on the numerical example, the transient performance analysis of the model is performed