Armas después del desarme. La posesión de armas prohibidas por los moriscos valencianos desde 1563 hasta su expulsión

Una de las vertientes más reconocidas del amplio y fecundo magisterio de la profesora Emilia Salvador estriba en la demostración de las posibilidades de uso y aprovechamiento de algunas fuentes históricas para el estudio de campos temáticos en apariencia distantes de su finalidad más obvia. Siguiendo esta línea, en estas páginas hemos querido rendirle homenaje analizando el problema de la posesión de armas por los moriscos valencianos después del desarme de 1563 mediante el entrecruzamiento de fuentes contables y penales. Frente a la extremada opinión de Boronat de que la incautación sólo sirvió para aguzar el ingenio de los nuevos convertidos a la hora de proveerse de armas para sus taimados propósitos, hemos tratado de esclarecer, entre otras cosas, cuál fue el verdadero alcance de las transgresiones, qué clase de armas poseían los moriscos y en qué momentos y con qué resultado las autoridades creyeron necesario redoblar la vigilancia y su celo punitivo. (A

Estudio de la miocardiopatía arritmogénica en nuestro entorno. Mejora en el diagnóstico de las formas con afectación del ventrículo izquierdo

La miocardiopatía arritmogénica (MCA) es una enfermedad cardíaca de origen genético caracterizada por la sustitución fibroadiposa del tejido miocárdico que predispone al desarrollo de arritmias ventriculares y muerte súbita cardíaca. Su diagnóstico resulta en ocasiones muy complicado, ya que los criterios vigentes Task Force 2010 presentan una baja sensibilidad para diagnosticar las formas con afectación predominante del ventrículo izquierdo (VI). El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es caracterizar los rasgos de la MCA con afectación del VI tanto a nivel electrocardiográfico, estructural y molecular para así profundizar en el conocimiento de esta entidad de difícil diagnóstico y alta letalidad. Se incluyó una cohorte de pacientes vivos reclutados en la Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares y Muerte Súbita del Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia y una cohorte de sujetos fallecidos del Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Valencia y del Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses de Madrid. Entre los principales resultados destaca: 1)La prevalencia estimada de MCA en la provincia de Valencia fue de al menos 7.6/100000 habitantes y la incidencia de muerte súbita cardiaca de al menos 0.9/100000 habitantes/año. 2)La forma predominante fue la MCA con afectación del VI tanto en la cohorte de sujetos fallecidos como en la de vivos. 3)Tanto en la cohorte de sujetos vivos como en la de fallecidos DSP fue el gen responsable mayoritario en las formas con afectación del VI y PKP2 en las formas derechas, siendo DSP el gen más frecuentemente mutado globalmente. 4)El realce tardío de gadolinio en la resonancia magnética cardiaca mostró una afectación predominante sobre la región inferior (69%) y lateral (50%) del VI. Exhibiendo los pacientes con más fibrosis una mayor carga arrítmica y una menor fracción de eyección del VI. 5) La inclusión en los criterios Task Force de la disincronía radial del VI y la fracción de eyección del VI con unos puntos de corte de 70 mseg y 48.5% respectivamente, reclasificaría al 30% de los pacientes de categorías límite o posible a un diagnóstico definitivo. 6) Los pacientes con MCA VI de nuestra serie muestran voltajes menores del QRS, mayor número de QRS fragmentados y ondas T negativas especialmente a nivel de la cara inferior. 7)El vectocardiograma de los pacientes con afectación del VI muestra una distancia respecto al plano mayor, una trayectoria más compleja y un menor nivel de ajuste al plano que los controles. 8)La amplitud de la señal del electrocardiograma se encuentra reducida en los pacientes con afectación del VI. 9)Los arrays de expresión de miRNAs realizados en plasma de pacientes y controles demostraron que tanto miRNAs maduros como precursores permitían diferenciar entre ambos grupos. El pre-miRNA mir-1271 permitió identificar los pacientes, así como diferenciar entre afectaciones izquierda y derecha

The sustainability in regional spatial planning in Spain: a case study

En las dos últimas décadas, la expresión «desarrollo territorial sostenible» se ha incorporado con éxito en los documentos de ordenación del territorio, hasta convertirse en un principio rector principal. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la incorporación de los principios de sostenibilidad en la planificación territorial española, valorando los resultados prácticos que ello ha significado. Se ha realizado un análisis de las leyes y planes de ordenación del territorio de escala regional, destacando en cuatro casos de estudio (País Vasco, Navarra, Andalucía y Comunidad Valenciana) por la relevancia que este principio rector ha cobrado en sus procesos de planificación territorial. Se ha completado la información con la realización de entrevistas a actores clave de la ordenación del territorio en esos espacios regionales. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de las buenas intenciones que incluyen los textos de leyes y planes, por lo común, el proceso de integración de la sostenibilidad a la planificación territorial de escala regional es lento y sus efectos prácticos todavía son escasamente visibles.In the past two decades, the expression «sustainable spatial development» has been successfully incorporated into spatial planning documents, becoming a guiding principle thereof. This paper analyzes the integration of the principles of sustainability into Spanish spatial planning and assesses its practical outcomes. An analysis of legislation and regional plans has been conducted, focusing on four case studies (the Basque Country, Navarra, Andalucía and the Valencian Community) selected for the relevance of sustainability principles in their regional planning processes. Complementary information was gathered by interviewing key agents of spatial planning in those regions. According to the results, despite the good intentions embodied in plans and legislation, the integration of sustainability in regional spatial planning progresses slowly, and its practical outcomes are still barely visible

How Can Be Lotic Ecosystem Size More Precisely Estimated? Comparing Different Approximations in Pre-Pyrenean and Pyrenean Mountains

Rivers are among the most biodiverse and endangered ecosystems on earth. In Europe, concern over their conservation promoted the development of legal instruments for habitat and species conservation, the Habitats Directive, and water resource management, the Water Framework Directive. This legal protection demanded the estimate of river ecosystem surface for different purposes. Different approaches allow river surface to be measured at a low cost. Some accurate techniques like satellite images or LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) do not always work at a large scale or for streams and small rivers. We discuss here the use of the traditional hydraulics relationship between drainage area and bankfull width as a good approach to river surface estimation. We confirm that the use of this cheap and simple method could be a good approach to estimate river surface. However, we also proved that the development of regional curves, i.e., to establish the empirical relationship based on study area data, constitutes an essential improvement to estimation.This research was funded by the Ministry of Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge, project number 3081147. This research was supported by the Government of Catalonia (CERCA Program)

Sequential extraction of compounds of interest from yeast biomass assisted by pulsed electric fields

One strategy to reduce cost and improve feasibility of waste-yeast biomass valorization is to obtain a spectrum of marketable products rather than just a single one. This study explores the potential of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) for the development of a cascade process designed to obtain several valuable products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast biomass. Yeast biomass was treated by PEF, which affected the viability of 50%, 90%, and over 99% of S. cerevisiae cells, depending on treatment intensity. Electroporation caused by PEF allowed access to the cytoplasm of the yeast cell without causing total breakdown of the cell structure. This outcome was an essential prerequisite to be able to perform a sequential extraction of several value-added biomolecules from yeast cells located in the cytosol and in the cell wall. After incubating yeast biomass previously subjected to a PEF treatment that affected the viability of 90% of cells for 24 h, an extract with 114.91 ± 2.86, 7.08 ± 0.64, and 187.82 ± 3.75 mg/g dry weight of amino acids, glutathione, and protein, respectively, was obtained. In a second step, the extract rich in cytosol components was removed after 24 h of incubation and the remaining cell biomass was re-suspended with the aim of inducing cell wall autolysis processes triggered by the PEF treatment. After 11 days of incubation, a soluble extract containing mannoproteins and pellets rich in β-glucans were obtained. In conclusion, this study proved that electroporation triggered by PEF permitted the development of a cascade procedure designed to obtain a spectrum of valuable biomolecules from S. cerevisiae yeast biomass while reducing the generation of waste

Requirement Engineering Activities in Smart Environments for Large Facilities

Developing a large, but smart environment is a complex task that requires the collaboration of experts of different disciplines. How to successfully attain such collaboration is not a trivial matter. The paper illustrates the problem with a case study where the manager of the facility intends to influence pedestrians so that they choose a task that requires certain effort, e.g. using staircases, instead of the current one that requires less effort, e.g. using the elevator. Defining requirements for such scenarios requires a strong multidisciplinary collaboration which is not currently well supported. This paper contributes with an approach to provide non-technician experts with tools so that they can provide feedback on the requirements and verify them in a systematic way

The CH-3Σ+ anion: inelastic rate coefficients from collisions with he at interstellar conditions

We present accurate ab initio calculations on several properties of a gas-phase system of interest in the interstellar medium (ISM), where the title molecular anion has been often surmised but not yet confirmed by observations. The CH-3Σ+ constitutes the smallest term in the series of longer anionic polyynes which have been observed in the ISM (e.g., C4H- and several others). Hence, its dynamical behavior in collision with He atoms, one of the most abundant atoms in that environment, can provide quantitative indicators on the changes which can occur in the rotational state population of the title anion when driven by this collision dynamics. We therefore report an accurate evaluation of the full potential energy surface (PES) which acts between the molecular anion in its ground vibrational state and the He atom. The relevant inelastic scattering cross sections and the corresponding inelastic rate coefficients are then computed within a quantum treatment of the collisions. We find that the fairly small values of the final inelastic rate coefficients indicate state-changing processes by collisions to be inefficient paths for modifying the rotational state populations of this anion and therefore to aid its possible observation from direct radiative emission in the microwave regio

Collision-induced state-changing rate coefficients for cyanogen backbones NCN 3Σ− and CNN 3Σ− in astrophysical environments

We report quantum calculations involving the dynamics of rotational energy-transfer processes, by collision with He atoms in interstellar environments, of the title molecular species which share the presence of the CN backbone and are considered of importance in those environments. The latter structural feature is taken to be especially relevant for prebiotic chemistry and for its possible role in the processing of the heterocyclic rings of RNA and DNA nucleobases in the interstellar space. We carry out ab initio calculations of their interaction potentials with He atoms and further obtain the state-to-state rotationally inelastic cross sections and rate coefficients over the relevant range of temperatures. The similarities and differences between such species and other similar partners which have been already detected are analyzed and discussed for their significance on internal state populations in interstellar space for the two title molecular radicalsFAG acknowledges the support of the Computing Center of Innsbruck University where part of the present calculations were carried out. L. G.-S. acknowledges the financial support by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´n (Spain) MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 (Ref. PID2020-113147GA-I00 and PID2021- 122839NB-I00) and C.S-S. further acknowledges the financial support by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´n (Spain) Ref. PID2021-122549NB-C2