Rotavirus Genotype Distribution after Vaccine Introduction, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Brazil introduced rotavirus vaccination in March 2006. We studied 133 rotavirus-positive fecal samples collected from February 2005 through December 2007. Genotype G2P[4] was found in 1.4% of samples in 2005, in 44% in 2006, and in 96% in 2007. Rotavirus detection rate decreased from 38% in 2005 to 24% in 2007 (p = 0.012)

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Rotavirus A during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2020–2022: Emergence of G6P[8] Genotype

Rotavirus A (RVA) remains a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in children worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction in vaccination coverage in Brazil and elsewhere was observed, and some reports have demonstrated a reduction in AGE notifications during the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the diversity and prevalence of RVA genotypes in children and adults presenting with AGE symptoms in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022. RVA was screened using RT-qPCR; then, G and P genotypes were characterized using one-step multiplex RT-PCR. A total of 2173 samples were investigated over the three-year period, and we detected RVA in 7.7% of samples (n = 167), being 15.5% in 2020, 0.5% in 2021, and 13.8% in 2022. Higher RVA prevalence was observed in the Northeastern region (19.3%) compared to the Southeastern (6.1%) and Southern regions (5.5%). The most affected age group was children aged between 0 and 6 months old; however, this was not statistically significant. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis identified the emergence of G6P[8] during the period; moreover, it was detected in 10.6% of samples in 2020 and in 83.5% in 2022. In contrast, the prevalence of G3P[8], the previous dominant genotype, decreased from 72.3% in 2020 to 11.3% in 2022. We also identified unusual strains, such as G3P[9] and G9P[4], being sporadically detected during the period. This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology and surveillance of RVA during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. Our study provides evidence for the importance of maintaining high and sustainable levels of vaccine coverage to protect against RVA disease. Furthermore, it highlights the need to maintain nationwide surveillance in order to monitor future trends and changes in the epidemiology of RVA in Brazil

An outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus serotype 1 in a day care center, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Between June 4th and June 20th 1996 rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus (HAstrV) were investigated in fecal samples from 27 children under three years old with acute diarrhea, attending the Bertha Lutz day care center, in Rio de Janeiro. All fecal samples were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme immunoassays (EIA), and electron microscopy (EM). Nine of them (33%) showed positive results for HAstrV by at least one of the employed methodologies. Eight were positive by RT-PCR and EIA, and six by EM. All positive samples were inoculated onto HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cultured cells for HAstrV isolation and seven were positive after three passages. The sequencing analysis of eight RT-PCR products (449 bp) from gene that codifies VP2 protein, showed a total nucleotide identity among them and 98% with HAstrV-1 (strain Oxford type 1). This is the first report of a gastroenteritis outbreak associated with HAstrv-1 in a day care center in Rio de Janeiro and it reinforces the importance of this virus in association with infantile acute gastroenteritis

A decade of G3P[8] and G9P[8] rotaviruses in Brazil: Epidemiology and evolutionary analyses

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-12T13:57:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) mariela_gomezetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 1463430 bytes, checksum: 6fecb6e3589ffd45639b062915a313ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological. Leuven, Belgium.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.This study aims to estimate the frequency of group A rotaviruses (RVA) infection with genotypes G3P[8] and G9P[8] in children that suffered from diarrheal disease (DD) between 2001 and 2011 in different Brazilian regions. In addition, the genetic diversity of G3P[8] and G9P[8] RVA strains recovered from vaccinated and non-vaccinated children was assessed. Laboratory-based RVA surveillance included 15,115 cases of DD, and RVA was detected by enzyme immune-assay and/or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 3357 (22%) samples. RVA was genotyped by the semi-nested RT-PCR and among RVA-positive samples, 100 (2.9%) were G3 (63 G3P[8], 32 G3P not typed [NT], and 5 G3P[6]) and 378 (16.2%) were G9 (318 G9P[8], 59 G9P[NT], and 1 G9P[6]). From the G3 and G9 positive samples, 16 and 12, respectively, were obtained from children aged 4–48 months vaccinated with the monovalent vaccine (Rotarix , RV1). Phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 and VP8⁄ encoding genes were performed for 26 G3P[8] and 48 G9P[8] strains. VP8⁄ phylogenetic analysis revealed that all strains analyzed belonged to P[8] lineage III, whereas RV1 belongs to P[8]-I lineage. VP7 analysis revealed that all G3 and G9 strains belonged to G3-lineage III and G9-lineage III. The comparison of the VP7 and VP8⁄ antigenic epitopes regions of Brazilian strains with RV1 strain revealed several amino acid changes. However, no particular differences among Brazilian strains detected before and after vaccine introduction were observed, or among strains detected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. Complete genome characterization of four G3P[8] and seven G9P[8] strains revealed a typical conserved human Wa-like genomic constellation. Changes in the genetic diversity of G3P[8] and G9P[8] RVA detected from 2001 to 2011 in Brazil seemed not be related to RV1 introduction in Brazil

Enteric viruses in HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative children with diarrheal diseases in Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-02-12T15:23:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marise_miagostovich_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 2240909 bytes, checksum: e2949425400d04112ba26e666462f386 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-02-12T15:34:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marise_miagostovich_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 2240909 bytes, checksum: e2949425400d04112ba26e666462f386 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-12T15:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marise_miagostovich_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 2240909 bytes, checksum: e2949425400d04112ba26e666462f386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escritório regionao Piauí. Teresina, PI, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Hospital Municipal Jesus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Diarrheal diseases (DD) have distinct etiological profiles in immune-deficient and immunecompetent patients. This study compares detection rates, genotype distribution and viral loads of different enteric viral agents in HIV-1 seropositive (n = 200) and HIV-1 seronegative (n = 125) children hospitalized with DD in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Except for group A rotavirus (RVA), which were detected through enzyme immunoassay, the other enteric viruses (norovirus [NoV], astrovirus [HAstV], adenovirus [HAdV] and bocavirus [HBoV]) were detected through PCR or RT-PCR. A quantitative PCR was performed for RVA, NoV, HAstV, HAdV and HBoV. Infections with NoV (19% vs. 9.6%; p<0.001), HBoV (14% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.042) and HAdV (30.5% vs. 14.4%; p<0.001) were significantly more frequent among HIV-1 seropositive children. RVA was significantly less frequent among HIV-1 seropositive patients (6.5% vs. 20%; p<0.001). Similarly, frequency of infection with HAstV was lower among HIV-1 seropositive children (5.5% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.018). Among HIV-1 seropositive children 33 (16.5%) had co-infections, including three enteric viruses, such as NoV, HBoV and HAdV (n = 2) and NoV, HAstV and HAdV (n = 2). The frequency of infection with more than one virus was 17 (13.6%) in the HIV-1 negative group, triple infection (NoV + HAstV + HBoV) being observed in only one patient. The median viral load of HAstV in feces was significantly higher among HIV-1 positive children compared to HIV-1 negative children. Concerning children infected with RVA, NoV, HBoV and HAdV, no statistically significant differences were observed in the medians of viral loads in feces, comparing HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative children. Similar detection rates were observed for RVA, HAstV and HAdV, whilst NoV and HBoV were significantly more prevalent among children with CD4+ T lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm3. Enteric viruses should be considered an important cause of DD in HIV-1 seropositive children, along with pathogens more classically associated with intestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts

G1P[8] species A rotavirus over 27years – Pre- and post-vaccination eras – in Brazil: Full genomic constellation analysis and no evidence for selection pressure by Rotarix® vaccine

AbstractEpidemiological data on species A rotavirus (RVA) infections have demonstrated the genetic diversity of strains circulating worldwide. Many G and P genotype combinations have been described over the years, varying regionally and temporally, especially in developing countries. However, the most common G and P genotype combinations identified in RVA human strains worldwide are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8]. RVA genotype G1P[8] strains are responsible for more than 50% of child infections worldwide and component of the two vaccines (Rotarix® [RV1] and RotaTeq® [RV5]) licensed globally. For a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of this genotype in Brazil, phylogenetic analyses based on the 11 RVA genome segments (genomic constellation) from 90 G1P[8] RVA strains collected in two eras – (i) pre-vaccination with RV1 (1996–February 2006); (ii) post-vaccination (March 2006–2013) – in different Brazilian states were performed. The results showed the Wa-like genomic constellation of the Brazilian G1P[8] strains with a I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 specificity, except for two strains (rj14055-07 and ba19030-10) that belong to a I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T3-E1-H1 genomic constellation, evidencing the occurrence of reassortment (Wa-like×AU-1-like) of the NSP3 gene. Reassortment events were also demonstrated between Brazilian G1P[8] strains and the RV1 vaccine strain in some genes in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. VP7 and VP8* antigenic site analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions observed in samples collected after the introduction of RV1 in Brazil were already detected in samples collected in the 1980s and 1990s, suggesting that mass Brazilian RV1 vaccination had no impact on the diversity observed inside antigenic sites for these two proteins

G6P[8] Rotavirus a Possessing a Wa-like VP3 Gene from a Child with Acute Gastroenteritis Living in the Northwest Amazon Region

The introduction of rotavirus A (RVA) vaccines has considerably reduced the RVA-associated mortality among children under 5 years of age worldwide. The ability of RVA to reassort gives rise to different combinations of surface proteins G (glycoprotein, VP7) and P (protease sensitive, VP4) RVA types infecting children. During the epidemiological surveillance of RVA in the Northwest Amazon region, an unusual rotavirus genotype G6P[8] was detected in feces of a 2-year-old child with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) that had been vaccinated with one dose of Rotarix(&amp; REG;) (RV1). The G6P[8] sample had a DS-1-like constellation with a Wa-like VP3 gene mono-reassortment similar to equine-like G3P[8] that has been frequently detected in Brazil previously. The results presented here reinforce the evolutionary dynamics of RVA and the importance of constant molecular surveillance

Health promotion and health care professional’s perspectives about its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

Apresentação sobre Promoção da Saúde no contexto da Carta de Ottawa (1986): “a promoção da Saúde é o processo que visa criar condições para que as pessoas aumentem a sua capacidade de controlar os fatores determinantes da saúde, no sentido de a melhorar”.N/