Technology transfer literature review

This paper presents a review of the literature on technology transfer, aiming to identify and to characterize the subject approaches. As for methodology, such a review is integrative nature and literature, thematic, historical and analytical. The searched contents are presented according to a taxonomic structure identified in the literature, which was adapted based on reviewed studies. We conclude that in the literature there is a convergence in the structure of the concepts of technology and technology transfer, whose evolution over time did not generate changes. It appears that there are no studies observed a consolidation of features promoting the effectiveness of technology transfer, or of obstacles to overcome in this process. Papers analyzed do not include all the other components of the process identified in this review, such as actors, strategy and projects for access to technology, which are addressed in scattered and piecemeal fashion. In the study, we could observe that different types of knowledge transfer presented in the literature are related to the actors that promote the transfer, like the receiver, the transmitter and facilitators, and their correlations highlighted here. As part of the analyzed studies, this review aims to highlight those gaps in the literature, directing future research on the topic.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre transferência de tecnologia, com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar abordagens sobre o tema. Quanto à metodologia adotada, tal revisão é de natureza integrativa e de cunho bibliográfico, temático, histórico e analítico. Os conteúdos pesquisados estão apresentados conforme uma estrutura taxonômica identificada na literatura, a qual foi adaptada, com base nos estudos consultados. Conclui-se que há na literatura uma convergência na estrutura dos conceitos de tecnologia e transferência de tecnologia, cuja evolução no tempo não gerou alterações. Verifica-se que não existem nos estudos observados uma consolidação das características promotoras da efetividade da transferência de tecnologia, ou dos obstáculos a transpor neste processo. É observado que os trabalhos analisados não incluem a totalidade dos demais componentes do processo identificados nesta revisão, tais como atores, estratégia e projetos para acesso à tecnologia, os quais são abordados de modo disperso e pontual. No estudo observa-se ainda que as diferentes tipologias de transferência de conhecimento apresentadas na literatura estão relacionadas aos atores que promovem a transferência, ou seja, o receptor, o emissor e os facilitadores, sendo aqui destacadas as suas correlações. No âmbito dos estudos analisados, esta revisão se propõe a indicar as referidas lacunas literárias, direcionando futuras pesquisas sobre o tema.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Technology transfer literature review

This paper presents a review of the literature on technology transfer, aiming to identify and to characterize the subject approaches. As for methodology, such a review is integrative nature and literature, thematic, historical and analytical. The searched contents are presented according to a taxonomic structure identified in the literature, which was adapted based on reviewed studies. We conclude that in the literature there is a convergence in the structure of the concepts of technology and technology transfer, whose evolution over time did not generate changes. It appears that there are no studies observed a consolidation of features promoting the effectiveness of technology transfer, or of obstacles to overcome in this process. Papers analyzed do not include all the other components of the process identified in this review, such as actors, strategy and projects for access to technology, which are addressed in scattered and piecemeal fashion. In the study, we could observe that different types of knowledge transfer presented in the literature are related to the actors that promote the transfer, like the receiver, the transmitter and facilitators, and their correlations highlighted here. As part of the analyzed studies, this review aims to highlight those gaps in the literature, directing future research on the topic.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre transferência de tecnologia, com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar abordagens sobre o tema. Quanto à metodologia adotada, tal revisão é de natureza integrativa e de cunho bibliográfico, temático, histórico e analítico. Os conteúdos pesquisados estão apresentados conforme uma estrutura taxonômica identificada na literatura, a qual foi adaptada, com base nos estudos consultados. Conclui-se que há na literatura uma convergência na estrutura dos conceitos de tecnologia e transferência de tecnologia, cuja evolução no tempo não gerou alterações. Verifica-se que não existem nos estudos observados uma consolidação das características promotoras da efetividade da transferência de tecnologia, ou dos obstáculos a transpor neste processo. É observado que os trabalhos analisados não incluem a totalidade dos demais componentes do processo identificados nesta revisão, tais como atores, estratégia e projetos para acesso à tecnologia, os quais são abordados de modo disperso e pontual. No estudo observa-se ainda que as diferentes tipologias de transferência de conhecimento apresentadas na literatura estão relacionadas aos atores que promovem a transferência, ou seja, o receptor, o emissor e os facilitadores, sendo aqui destacadas as suas correlações. No âmbito dos estudos analisados, esta revisão se propõe a indicar as referidas lacunas literárias, direcionando futuras pesquisas sobre o tema.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pró-Inova: projecto to implement innovation management in industrial SMEs - Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

This article aims to contribute with the learning and difusion of the organizational innovation, presenting an experience of the Pró-Inova project in the Rio Grande do Norte state, located in Brazil’s Northeastern region, conducted between 2012 and 2014. The project was promoted by the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) [Studies and Projects Funder] and developed nationaly, aiming to “motivate, mobilize and capacitate entrepreneurs; perform diagnostic and elaborate plans and projects of enterprise innovation management”. In order to reach this goal, the case here analyzed adopted the action research methodology (Coughlan & Coghlan, 2002), splited in (1) data gathering, (2) data feedback and (3) data analysis, (4) action planning, (5) implementation, (6) evaluation and (7) monitoring of the actions. As results, it has been identified the innovation practices there are in the project participants industries, and it has been realized actions towards the development of this management culture, being implanted 88 innovating initiatives in the industries, with 117 new practices in the implementation stage. The performed study stimulates the researchers to think about the innovation management by consolidating the results of a practical experience, accomplished with a scientific approach, that can be expanded over the other project participants industries in the state and in the country, providing a larger amplitude and deepening to the subject in question, as well as replicated in another projects

Severe form of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: a case report

Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. It is caused by species of the genus Sporothrix. Infection in humans occurs through the entry of the fungus into the skin. Zoonotic outbreaks involving cats in the transmission of the disease have been frequently reported. The lymphocutaneous form is the most commonly observed and the upper limbs are the most affected sites. We report a case of a 64-year-old healthy female patient with a lymphocutaneous form with rapid progression of lesions, which was refractory to initial treatment with itraconazole. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B was performed with a satisfactory resolution, but aesthetic and functional sequelae in the left upper limb were installed

Phylloseptin-1 is leishmanicidal for amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis inside infected macrophages

Leishmania protozoans are the causal agents of neglected diseases that represent an important public health issue worldwide. The growing occurrence of drug-resistant strains of Leishmania and severe side effects of available treatments represent an important challenge for the leishmaniases treatment. We have previously reported the leishmanicidal activity of phylloseptin-1 (PSN-1), a peptide found in the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa azurea (=Pithecopus azureus), against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. However, its impact on the amastigote form of L. amazonensis and its impact on infected macrophages are unknown. In this work, we evaluated the effects of PSN-1 on amastigotes of L. amazonensis inside macrophages infected in vitro. We assessed the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, as well as the levels of inflammatory and immunomodulatory markers (TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-12), in infected and non-infected macrophages treated with PSN-1. Treatment with PSN-1 decreased the number of infected cells and the number of ingested amastigotes per cell when compared with the untreated cells. At 32 µM (64 µg/mL), PSN-1 reduced hydrogen peroxide levels in both infected and uninfected macrophages, whereas it had little effect on NO production or TGF-β release. The effect of PSN-1 on IL-12 and TNF-α secretion depended on its concentration, but, in general, their levels tended to increase as PSN-1 concentration increased. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of action of PSN-1 and its interaction with the immune system aiming to develop pharmacological applications

Avaliação do conhecimento de pacientes de uma unidade de atenção primária à saúde acerca de medicamentos isentos de prescrição / Evaluation of the knowledge of patients in a primary health care unit about over-the-counter drugs

De acordo com a ANVISA, os Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIPs), ou como conhecidos internacionalmente como over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, que são medicamentos disponíveis ao autosserviço em farmácias e drogarias e que, dessa forma, não necessitam de prescrição médica para que sejam dispensados. Estes são indicados para tratar problemas de saúde autolimitados, como tosse, indigestão e resfriados. Tendo isso em vista, o presente estudo objetivou identificar o conhecimento dos pacientes atendidos em uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre o uso de Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório realizado em uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde de um bairro da cidade de Fortaleza, realizado no período de abril a maio de 2019. Foram convidados a participar do estudo os pacientes que frequentaram a unidade durante o período de realização da pesquisa, totalizando 120 pessoas. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo quinze questões, estruturadas em blocos temáticos. Dos 120 participantes da pesquisa apenas 27,5% (n=33) souberam citar corretamente um MIP, quando questionados dos malefícios 50,9% (n=29) disseram não conhecer nenhum malefício. A dipirona (22,8%), a associação orfenadrina + dipirona + cafeína (19,3%) e o paracetamol (12,3%) foram, respectivamente, os três medicamentos mais citados como MIPs. Com base nas respostas obtidas, observou-se que ainda existe muita desinformação a respeito dos Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição, tanto em relação à sua definição quanto aos seus riscos. Portanto, salienta-se que deve haver uma maior orientação, em especial por parte dos farmacêuticos

Perspectivas Atuais no Manejo da Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda: Uma Revisão Sistemática

This systematic review addresses current perspectives in the management of acute heart failure (AHF), a clinical condition with significant morbidity and mortality. The analysis includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, highlighting the role of diuretics, positive inotropic agents, and ultrafiltration. The review examines studies discussing the efficacy and safety of these interventions, as well as identifying knowledge gaps and areas of controversy. The results underscore the importance of ongoing research to optimize the management of acute heart failure and improve clinical outcomes for patients.Esta revisão sistemática aborda as perspectivas atuais no manejo da insuficiência cardíaca aguda (ICA), uma condição clínica com significativa morbidade e mortalidade. A análise inclui intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, destacando o papel dos diuréticos, agentes inotrópicos positivos e ultrafiltração. A revisão examina estudos que discutem a eficácia e segurança dessas intervenções, além de identificar lacunas no conhecimento e áreas de controvérsia. Os resultados ressaltam a importância da pesquisa contínua para otimizar o manejo da ICA aguda e melhorar os resultados clínicos dos pacientes

Comparação da eficácia da citologia cervical versus testes de DNA de alto risco para o HPV na detecção precoce de lesões cervicais pré-cancerígenas: Uma Revisão Sistemática

This systematic review investigated the comparative effectiveness of cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) versus high-risk HPV DNA tests in the early detection of pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Methodology included electronic database search, careful study selection, and result analysis. Reviewed studies provided diverse insights, highlighting the superior sensitivity of HPV DNA tests but also concerns regarding false positives and costs. The decision regarding screening method should consider individual and contextual factors. It is concluded that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to cervical cancer screening, emphasizing the importance of individualized decisions and ongoing research to enhance screening services.Esta revisão sistemática investigou a eficácia comparativa da citologia cervical (Papanicolaou) versus testes de DNA de alto risco para o HPV na detecção precoce de lesões cervicais pré-cancerígenas. A metodologia incluiu busca em bases de dados eletrônicas, seleção criteriosa de estudos e análise dos resultados. Os estudos revisados ofereceram insights diversos, destacando a sensibilidade superior dos testes de DNA do HPV, mas também preocupações com falsos positivos e custos. A decisão sobre o método de triagem deve considerar fatores individuais e contextuais. Conclui-se que não há uma abordagem única para a triagem do câncer cervical, enfatizando a importância da individualização das decisões e da continuidade da pesquisa para aprimorar os serviços de triagem

Un examen actualizado de la percepción de las barreras para la implementación de la farmacogenómica y la utilidad de los pares fármaco/gen en América Latina y el Caribe

La farmacogenómica (PGx) se considera un campo emergente en los países en desarrollo. La investigación sobre PGx en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) sigue siendo escasa, con información limitada en algunas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, las extrapolaciones son complicadas, especialmente en poblaciones mixtas. En este trabajo, revisamos y analizamos el conocimiento farmacogenómico entre la comunidad científica y clínica de ALC y examinamos las barreras para la aplicación clínica. Realizamos una búsqueda de publicaciones y ensayos clínicos en este campo en todo el mundo y evaluamos la contribución de ALC. A continuación, realizamos una encuesta regional estructurada que evaluó una lista de 14 barreras potenciales para la aplicación clínica de biomarcadores en función de su importancia. Además, se analizó una lista emparejada de 54 genes/fármacos para determinar una asociación entre los biomarcadores y la respuesta a la medicina genómica. Esta encuesta se comparó con una encuesta anterior realizada en 2014 para evaluar el progreso en la región. Los resultados de la búsqueda indicaron que los países de América Latina y el Caribe han contribuido con el 3,44% del total de publicaciones y el 2,45% de los ensayos clínicos relacionados con PGx en todo el mundo hasta el momento. Un total de 106 profesionales de 17 países respondieron a la encuesta. Se identificaron seis grandes grupos de obstáculos. A pesar de los continuos esfuerzos de la región en la última década, la principal barrera para la implementación de PGx en ALC sigue siendo la misma, la "necesidad de directrices, procesos y protocolos para la aplicación clínica de la farmacogenética/farmacogenómica". Las cuestiones de coste-eficacia se consideran factores críticos en la región. Los puntos relacionados con la reticencia de los clínicos son actualmente menos relevantes. Según los resultados de la encuesta, los pares gen/fármaco mejor clasificados (96%-99%) y percibidos como importantes fueron CYP2D6/tamoxifeno, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioides, DPYD/fluoropirimidinas, TMPT/tiopurinas, CYP2D6/antidepresivos tricíclicos, CYP2C19/antidepresivos tricíclicos, NUDT15/tiopurinas, CYP2B6/efavirenz y CYP2C19/clopidogrel. En conclusión, aunque la contribución global de los países de ALC sigue siendo baja en el campo del PGx, se ha observado una mejora relevante en la región. La percepción de la utilidad de las pruebas PGx en la comunidad biomédica ha cambiado drásticamente, aumentando la concienciación entre los médicos, lo que sugiere un futuro prometedor en las aplicaciones clínicas de PGx en ALC.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC

An Updated Examination of the Perception of Barriers for Pharmacogenomics Implementation and the Usefulness of Drug/Gene Pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC