Unipampa em Ação: o mundo mágico do saber

Anais do 35º Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul - Área temática: EducaçãoNo município de Bagé/RS existem as instituições sociais “Casa do Guri” e “Casa do Adolescente”, as quais abrigam meninos em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Nesse contexto, o projeto de extensão “UNIPAMPA em ação: O mundo mágico do saber” tem como objetivo inserir atividades científicas, a fim de viabilizar o interesse, o ensino e a aprendizagem de Ciências e Literatura das crianças e adolescentes atendidos pelas instituições citadas. As atividades são elaboradas (pelos discentes bolsistas e voluntários, com orientação dos docentes responsáveis) respeitando-se as especificidades das faixas etárias dos meninos e são fundamentadas a partir de pressupostos lúdicos, experimentais e problematizadores. Nessa perspectiva, neste trabalho serão apresentados os resultados das atividades desenvolvidas (quinzenalmente) na Casa do Guri nos meses de maio e junho de 2017. Para o desenvolvimento dessas atividades, escolheu-se a “música” como tema central. Assim, as atividades desenvolvidas foram: 1) Dinâmica de apresentação com dança circular; 2) Música, Matemática e frações; 3) Música, Física e o Monocórdio de Pitágoras e 4) Contação de história da obra “Os três músicos”. Como resultados, aponta-se: a participação efetiva dos meninos nas atividades propostas; seus questionamentos, hipóteses e explicações frente aos fenômenos científicos; bem como o encanto, interpretações e atitude autônoma na discussão sobre a contação de história. Assim, ressalta-se que esses resultados são essenciais para a formação e desenvolvimento das crianças atendidas em relação ao aprimoramento da fala e percepção, memória e sensação; resolução de problemas, analise de informações e a preparação para a vid

Utilizando o software GeoGebra como recurso didático para o ensino do movimento oscilatório de pêndulos

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) fazem parte do cotidiano de grande parte da população e estão cada vez mais sendo utilizadas como instrumentos didáticos. Este trabalho investigou as possibilidades de utilização das ferramentas do software GeoGebra, um programa de matemática dinâmica, como recurso didático para o ensino do movimento oscilatório de pêndulos em cursos de graduação. A teoria dos Estilos de Aprendizagem e a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa foram utilizadas como referencial teórico para a proposição de atividade de experimentação no ambiente virtual do programa. Foram realizadas a identificação, a análise e o detalhamento das funções mais importantes do software. Posteriormente, foram elaborados Objetos de Aprendizagem, desenvolvidos no GeoGebra, considerando-se ações didáticas com potenciais aplicações para a observação e a interpretação de experimentos virtuais sobre o movimento oscilatório de pêndulos. Concluímos, ao final do trabalho, que as possibilidades de utilização do GeoGebra podem trazer significativas contribuições para o ensino deste conteúdo nos cursos de graduação, proporcionando um estudo contextualizado e reflexivo do movimento de pêndulos, além de ser um recurso didático que atende à diversidade e as necessidades individuais de cada aprendizThe technologies of information and communication are part of everyday life of most of the population and are increasingly being used as teaching tools. This research investigated the possibilities of using the tools of the GeoGebra software didactic resources for teaching the oscillatory movement of pendulum in undergraduate courses. The Learning Styles Theory and Meaningful Learning Theory were used as theoretical reference to develop experimental activities in the virtual environment of the software. The most important functions of the software were identified, analyzed and detailed. Then, Learning Objects, developed in the GeoGebra, were produced based on didactic actions with application for observation and interprestation of virtual experiments about the oscillatory movement of pendulum. Finally, we concluded that the use of GeoGebra can bring important contribution for teaching of this subject in undergraduate courses providing a contextualized and reflective study of the movement of pendulus, besides being a resource that meets the diverse and individual needs os student

Physics Teaching for Children: A Bibliographic Review

The perspectives investigated by Physics/Science Teaching researchers in the context of youth and adults are diverse. They research on innovations in the classroom, new technologies, experimental activities, evaluation, among others subjects. In the children context, Physics/Sciences teaching is poorly explored. This article discusses the results of a bibliographical research on this theme, whose main objective was to gather theoretical and methodological subsidies for the teaching practice in this context. The data sources used were articles, dissertations and theses available in the Capes/ MEC Journal Portal, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Bank of Theses and Dissertations and Theses and Dissertations Digital Library (BDTD), as well as papers published and presented at the National Symposium on Physics Teaching (SNEF) and Meeting on Physics Teaching Research (EPEF) among years 2000 and 2017. In this context, the sources were grouped and analyzed from the following categories: level of education, with the possibility of insertion of Physics/Science teaching from the age of 3, in the context of both formal and non-formal education, as long as the scientific activities are appropriate to the children's age group and whose main objective is to motivate their interest in scientific contents; content covered, with works on the various Physics themes, with predominance of Mechanics, Fluids and Astronomy; and methodology, didactic resources and theoretical foundation, where we highlight the occurrence of experimental and ludic activities based predominantly on Piaget, Vygotsky and Ausubel theories. Thus, from this article, the reader will contemplate a general overview about the possibilities and potentialities for the insertion of Physics/Science teaching in children's context, in order to make possible the interest for Science, as well as scientific literacy

TDIC: formar ou não formar professores para seu uso?

Discutimos neste trabalho, com base na experiência do projeto LabTICs (UNESP Edital 15/2010 CAPES), a formação de educadores para o uso de ferramentas de comunicação baseadas tecnologia digital (TDIC) em atividades de ensino. Apresentamos brevemente o contexto do projeto e sua proposta e produção, focando especialmente o caso da utilização de tal ferramental tecnológico para a formação de professores de Física, nas atividades da disciplina Prática de Ensino, da UNESP no Câmpus de Rio Claro (SP). Analisamos aspectos do aprendizado dos futuros professores de Física para o uso de web conferência baseada no software Adobe Conect, disponível para acesso de usuários da UNESP. Tal sala virtual é mantida com apoio Núcleo de Educação a Distância da UNESP em servidor de páginas web. São analisadas as adaptações necessárias de uma sala de aula comum da UNESP em Rio Claro, como manifestação da apropriação de tal TDIC por parte dos estudantes e como foi possível realizar web conferências com baixo custo.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

An adapted cardioprotective diet with or without phytosterol and/or krill oil supplement in familial hypercholesterolemia: A pilot study protocol

Summary: Background and aims: A healthy diet is one of the pillars of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) treatment. However, the best dietary pattern and indication for specific supplementation have not been established. Our aim is to conduct a pilot study to assess the effect of an adapted cardioprotective diet with or without phytosterol and/or krill oil supplement in participants with a probable or definitive diagnosis of FH, treated with moderate/high potency statins. Methods: A national, multicenter, factorial, and parallel placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with a superiority design and 1:1:1:1 allocation rate will be conducted. The participants will undergo whole exome sequencing and be allocated into four treatment groups: 1) a cardioprotective diet adapted for FH (DICA-FH) + phytosterol placebo + krill oil placebo; 2) DICA-FH + phytosterol 2 g/day + krill oil placebo; 3) DICA-FH + phytosterol placebo + krill oil 2 g/day; or 4) DICA-FH + phytosterol 2 g/day + krill oil 2 g/day. The primary outcomes will be low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) levels and adherence to treatment after a 120-day follow-up. LDL- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol subclasses, untargeted lipidomics analysis, adverse events, and protocol implementation components will also be assessed. Results: A total of 58 participants were enrolled between May–August 2023. After the end of the follow-up period, the efficacy and feasibility results of this pilot study will form the basis of the design of a large-scale randomized clinical trial. Conclusions: This study's overall goal is to recommend dietary treatment strategies in the context of FH

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p&lt;0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p&lt;0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status