3,938 research outputs found
Grid Global Behavior Prediction
Complexity has always been one of the most important issues in distributed computing. From the first clusters to grid and now cloud computing, dealing correctly and efficiently with system complexity is the key to taking technology a step further. In this sense, global behavior modeling is an innovative methodology aimed at understanding the grid behavior. The main objective of this methodology is to synthesize the grid's vast, heterogeneous nature into a simple but powerful behavior model, represented in the form of a single, abstract entity, with a global state. Global behavior modeling has proved to be very useful in effectively managing grid complexity but, in many cases, deeper knowledge is needed. It generates a descriptive model that could be greatly improved if extended not only to explain behavior, but also to predict it. In this paper we present a prediction methodology whose objective is to define the techniques needed to create global behavior prediction models for grid systems. This global behavior prediction can benefit grid management, specially in areas such as fault tolerance or job scheduling. The paper presents experimental results obtained in real scenarios in order to validate this approach
The Merit-Order Effect of Load-Shifting: An Estimate for the Spanish Market
Renewable producers can offer selling bids with very low marginal cost since they
are not obliged to include on any cost related to the use of energy from the wind or sun.
Accordingly, when the Market Operator integrates a renewable bid in the merit-order
generation curve, all the generators based on conventional technologies, with higher marginal
cost due to the cost of fuels, are displaced to the right. The right-shifting of the merit-order
generation curve leads to a lower clearing price, a small increment of the traded energy
(almost inelastic demand curve), and a reduction of the total cost of the energy traded in the
wholesale market. This is the key mechanism of the well-known merit-order effect of
renewables. Load-shifting (demand-side management) plans are expected to yield a reduction
of the cost of the traded energy for the customers, since the cost-saving due to the energy
eschewed at peak hours would be greater than the extra cost due to the increased demand at
off-peak hours. This work will show that the main effects of load-shifting on the market are
qualitatively similar to that of renewables, which exemplify the existence a “merit-order effect
of load-shifting”. To analyse the characteristics of the merit-order effect of load-shifting, a
simplified model has been developed, based on the displacement of the generation and
demand curves. A set of scenarios has been generated in order to quantify the main effects on
the Spanish/Iberian market for 2015.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, España (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain) grant ENE2016-77650-
Extremal properties for dissections of convex 3-polytopes
A dissection of a convex d-polytope is a partition of the polytope into
d-simplices whose vertices are among the vertices of the polytope.
Triangulations are dissections that have the additional property that the set
of all its simplices forms a simplicial complex. The size of a dissection is
the number of d-simplices it contains. This paper compares triangulations of
maximal size with dissections of maximal size. We also exhibit lower and upper
bounds for the size of dissections of a 3-polytope and analyze extremal size
triangulations for specific non-simplicial polytopes: prisms, antiprisms,
Archimedean solids, and combinatorial d-cubes.Comment: 19 page
Graphs of Transportation Polytopes
This paper discusses properties of the graphs of 2-way and 3-way
transportation polytopes, in particular, their possible numbers of vertices and
their diameters. Our main results include a quadratic bound on the diameter of
axial 3-way transportation polytopes and a catalogue of non-degenerate
transportation polytopes of small sizes. The catalogue disproves five
conjectures about these polyhedra stated in the monograph by Yemelichev et al.
(1984). It also allowed us to discover some new results. For example, we prove
that the number of vertices of an transportation polytope is a
multiple of the greatest common divisor of and .Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures. Final version. Improvements to the exposition of
several lemmas and the upper bound in Theorem 1.1 is improved by a factor of
tw
Improving the Evolutionary Coding for Machine Learning Tasks
The most influential factors in the quality of the solutions
found by an evolutionary algorithm are a correct coding of the
search space and an appropriate evaluation function of the potential
solutions. The coding of the search space for the obtaining of decision
rules is approached, i.e., the representation of the individuals of
the genetic population. Two new methods for encoding discrete and
continuous attributes are presented. Our “natural coding” uses one
gene per attribute (continuous or discrete) leading to a reduction in
the search space. Genetic operators for this approached natural coding
are formally described and the reduction of the size of the search
space is analysed for several databases from the UCI machine learning
repository.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC1143–C03–0
Convergence properties of the likelihood of computed dynamic models
This paper studies the econometrics of computed dynamic models. Since these models generally lack a closed-form solution, economists approximate the policy functions of the agents in the model with numerical methods. But this implies that, instead of the exact likelihood function, the researcher can evaluate only an approximated likelihood associated with the approximated policy function. What are the consequences for inference of the use of approximated likelihoods? First, we show that as the approximated policy function converges to the exact policy, the approximated likelihood also converges to the exact likelihood. Second, we prove that the approximated likelihood converges at the same rate as the approximated policy function. Third, we find that the error in the approximated likelihood gets compounded with the size of the sample. Fourth, we discuss convergence of Bayesian and classical estimates. We complete the paper with three applications to document the quantitative importance of our results.
Influence of time-dependent restrained strains in the shear response of RC frames
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0875-8Time-dependent strains, when restrained, can lead to important tensile forces and damage, affecting, among other aspects, the shear response and ultimate load carrying capacity of shear-critical RC frames. This paper presents a detailed study of this problematic by means of an extension of a shear-sensitive fibre beam model to time dependent behaviour of concrete. The model is firstly validated with experimental tests on diagonally pre-cracked beams under sustained loads. From these analyses, the contributions of shear distortions and bending curvatures to the total long-term deflection of the beams are discerned. Afterwards, the model is applied to study the influence of restraining strains due to long-term creep and shrinkage in the service and ultimate shear response of frames. In contrast with flexural resistant mechanisms, delayed strains may influence the latter shear resistance of integral structures by reducing the concrete contribution to shear resistance and leading to a sooner activation of the transversal reinforcement. These aspects can be relevant in assessing existing structures and this model, due to its relative simplicity, can be advantageous for practical applications.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
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