Physicochemical characteristics of dry aged beef from younger Nellore bulls slaughtered at different body weights

Reducing slaughter age can improve meat quality and reduce costs, while an ageing process can result in more standardized products. Thus, the objective of this paper was to measure the physicochemical characteristics of dry aged meat from younger Nellore bulls slaughtered at different body weights. Twenty-four Longissimus thoracis from young bulls (14 months of age) finished in a feedlot at body weights of 350, 400 and 450 kg were used. Fromeach group (N = 8), samples were divided into three portions for 0, 14 and 28 days of dry ageing. After the samples reached their dry aged period weight, pH and colour were measured. Next, water losses, shear force, the chemical composition and the fatty acids profile of the meat were measured. Reducing slaughter weight (350 kg) of young bulls did not affect meat tenderness but increased saturated fatty acids contents at day 1 of dry ageing. During the dry ageing process, drip loss increased, but thawing losses were reduced. Colour parameter was reduced by dry ageing and meat becomes darker, but meat tenderness was increased. Dry ageing increased the ash content. Dry ageing increased saturated fatty acid and reduced the monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid ratio (MUFA/SFA), but did not change the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nellore young bulls (14 months) can be slaughtered with 400 or 450 kg without compromising physicochemical characteristics, while dry ageing improved meat tenderness but increased saturated fatty acids and changed meat colour.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SUBPRODUTOS DA MANDIOCA NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE PEQUENOS RUMINANTES – REVISÃO

O objetivo desta revisão foi fazer uma caracterização da utilização de subprodutos da mandioca na alimentação de pequenos ruminantes e avaliar o efeito destas na alimentação e produção destes animais. Diante das informações, verificou-se a importância da utilização destes subprodutos para promover uma melhor produtividade na região nordeste do Brasil em épocas de pouca oferta de alimentos para ruminantes e, com isso, aumentar lucratividade na criação de ovinos e caprinos

PREVALÊNCIA DE PARASITAS GASTROINTESTINAIS EM OVINOS CRIADOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE POÇO VERDE, SERGIPE

The objective of this work was to identify the main gastrointestinal parasites present in sheep herds in the municipality of Poço Verde, Sergipe. For that, 150 animals, distributed in 7 rural properties, were submitted to the FAMACHA® test to assess the degree of anemia. After detecting anemia, feces were collected for coprological tests. The samples were processed by the technique of counting eggs per gram of feces (OPG). Associated with this, feces culture was carried out, which allowed the identification of the genera of infective larvae. A high frequency of FAMACHA® grade 1 and 2 was observed, corresponding to 75.33% of the herds analyzed. On the other hand, 24.67% fit the classification of FAMACHA® 3 and 4, indicating infection by hematophagous parasites. OPG analysis revealed the presence of the genera Trichostrongylus spp. (45%), Strongylus spp. (23%), oocysts of Eimeria spp. (18%) and Moniezia spp. (14%). Regarding egg count and degree of infection, 60% of the animals had a mild degree, 27% moderate and 13% high. In coproculture, Oesophagostomum spp. was the most frequent genus of parasites, with an incidence of 31% among infective larvae (L3), followed by Chabertia spp. (23%), Cooperia spp. (15%), Namatodirus spp. (8%), Trichostrongylus spp. (8%) and Haemochus spp. (7%), with the presence of hyphae (8%). The joint application of the different methods is necessary to prevent parasitic infections and the development of parasitic resistance.O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a identificação dos principais parasitas gastrintestinais presentes em rebanhos ovinos do município de Poço Verde, Sergipe. Para isso, 150 animais, distribuídos em 7 propriedades rurais, foram submetidos ao teste de FAMACHA® para avaliação do grau de anemia. Após a detecção de quadros de anemia, foram coletadas as fezes para elaboração de exames coprológicos. As amostras foram processadas pela técnica de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Associado a este, realizou-se a cultura de fezes, o que permitiu a identificação dos gêneros de larvas infectantes. Observou-se alta frequência de grau de FAMACHA® 1 e 2, correspondendo a 75,33% dos rebanhos analisados. Por outro lado, 24,67% se enquadravam na classificação de FAMACHA® 3 e 4, indicando infecção por parasitas hematófagos. A análise do OPG revelou a presença dos gêneros Trichostrongylus spp. (45%), Strongylus spp. (23%), oocistos de Eimeria spp. (18%) e Moniezia spp. (14%). Com relação à contagem de ovos e grau de infecção, 60% dos animais apresentaram grau leve, 27% moderado e 13% elevado. Na coprocultura, Oesophagostomum spp. foi o gênero de parasitas de maior frequência, com ocorrência de 31% de larvas infectantes (L3), 23% deChabertia spp., 15% de Cooperia spp., 8% de Namatodirus spp., 8% de Trichostrongylus spp., 7% de Haemochus spp., e também a presença de hifas (8%)

Allometric growth of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thicknesses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allometric growth, the correlation of the cuts with the half carcasses, and the muscularity index of the leg of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used, being distributed according to their weight into three collective pens. Slaughtering occurred as the lambs reached the SFT predetermined by ultrasound. The half carcasses were weighed, dissected, and separated into five cuts: neck, shoulders, rib, loin, and leg. These cuts were dissected and weighed into muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone. In the shoulders, lambs with 2.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed early growth. In the rib, this early precocity was observed in lambs with 4.0 mm SFT. The leg showed isogonic growth in lambs with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT and was the cut that best correlated with the half carcass, regardless of the SFT. The slaughter of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs with 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat allows obtaining a better allometric growth of the shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, as well as a better leg muscularity index.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento alométrico, a correlação dos cortes com as meia-carcaças e o índice de musculosidade da perna de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS). Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, distribuídos de acordo com seu peso, em três baias coletivas. Os abates ocorreram à medida que os cordeiros atingiram a EGS pré-determinada por ultrassonografia. As meia-carcaças foram pesadas, dissecadas e separadas em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna. Estes cortes foram dissecados e pesados em músculo, gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular e osso. Na paleta, cordeiros com 2,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS mostraram crescimento precoce. No costilhar, observou-se essa precocidade em cordeiros com 4,0 mm de EGS. A perna mostrou crescimento isogônico em cordeiros com 3,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS e foi o corte que melhor correlacionou-se com a meia-carcaça, independentemente da EGS. O abate de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês com 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea permite obter melhor crescimento alométrico dos cortes paleta, costilhar e perna, bem como melhor índice de musculosidade da perna.To Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), for partial financing (Finance Code 001); to Programa de Estímulo à Mobilidade e ao Aumento da Cooperação Acadêmica da Pós- Graduação em Sergipe (Promob), for support (Capes/ Fapitec/SE numbers 08/2013 and 10/2016); and to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), for financial support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Crescimento alométrico de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com diferentes espessuras de gordura subcutânea

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allometric growth, the correlation of the cuts with the half carcasses, and the muscularity index of the leg of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used, being distributed according to their weight into three collective pens. Slaughtering occurred as the lambs reached the SFT predetermined by ultrasound. The half carcasses were weighed, dissected, and separated into five cuts: neck, shoulders, rib, loin, and leg. These cuts were dissected and weighed into muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone. In the shoulders, lambs with 2.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed early growth. In the rib, this early precocity was observed in lambs with 4.0 mm SFT. The leg showed isogonic growth in lambs with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT and was the cut that best correlated with the half carcass, regardless of the SFT. The slaughter of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs with 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat allows obtaining a better allometric growth of the shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, as well as a better leg muscularity index.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento alométrico, a correlação dos cortes com as meia-carcaças e o índice de musculosidade da perna de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês abatidos com 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS). Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, distribuídos de acordo com seu peso, em três baias coletivas. Os abates ocorreram à medida que os cordeiros atingiram a EGS pré-determinada por ultrassonografia. As meia-carcaças foram pesadas, dissecadas e separadas em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costilhar, lombo e perna. Estes cortes foram dissecados e pesados em músculo, gordura subcutânea, gordura intermuscular e osso. Na paleta, cordeiros com 2,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS mostraram crescimento precoce. No costilhar, observou-se essa precocidade em cordeiros com 4,0 mm de EGS. A perna mostrou crescimento isogônico em cordeiros com 3,0 e 4,0 mm de EGS e foi o corte que melhor correlacionou-se com a meia-carcaça, independentemente da EGS. O abate de cordeiros ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês com 4,0 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea permite obter melhor crescimento alométrico dos cortes paleta, costilhar e perna, bem como melhor índice de musculosidade da perna

Biomass of the forage in Tifton 85 pastures fertilized with nitrogen and managed under continuous stocking

The present study, carried out at the Division for Research and Development of Adamantina, SP/Brazil, at Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) – Polo da Alta Paulista, aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the morphological composition, tiller density, leaf area index, light interception and forage accumulation of Tifton 85 pastures subjected to continuous grazing. Treatments corresponded to three nitrogen and control doses (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/year), arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. No effect of time of evaluation was verified on the vegetative, dead and total tiller densities of Tifton 85 under continuous grazing with variable stocking rate. The pastures of Cynodon cv. Tifton 85 were affected by the time of evaluation and nitrogen doses, with marked effect on the pasture morphological composition, leaf area index and light interception, which are determinant to forage accumulation. Tifton 85 grass reached the necessary conditions to achieve the maximum growth rate of the culture when managed under continuous grazing keeping the pasture at a height of 15 cm.O presente ensaio foi realizado na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Adamantina, SP, da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) – Polo da Alta Paulista, com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada na composição morfológica, densidade populacional de perfilhos, índice de área foliar, interceptação luminosa e acúmulo de forragem em pastos de Tifton 85 submetidos ao regime de lotação contínua. Os tratamentos corresponderam a três doses de nitrogênio e o controle (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg/ha/ano de N), dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Não foi constatado efeito da época de avaliação na densidade populacional de perfilhos vegetativo, morto e total de Tifton 85 em lotação continua com carga variável. Os parâmetros avaliados nos pastos de Cynodon cv. Tifton 85 sofrem influência da época de avaliação e das doses de nitrogênio com efeito marcante na composição morfológica do pasto, índice de área foliar e interceptação luminosa que são determinantes no acúmulo de forragem. O capim Tifton 85 alcançou as condições necessárias para atingir a taxa de crescimento da cultura máxima quando manejado sob lotação continua mantendo-se o pasto a 15 cm de altura.Londrina, P

Qualitative characteristics of the Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of Nellore cattle during different maturation periods

The effect of maturation on the physical (pH, color, weight loss on cooking, and shear force) and biological (microbiology, concerning mesophiles and psychrotrophiles, and sarcomere length) characteristics of the Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of adult Nellore cattle was assessed over four maturation periods (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) and two cut thicknesses (2.5 and 7.5 cm). Sixty-four Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscles from castrated Nellore males were purchased from Frigorífico Nutrial, Sergipe, Brazil. The study was performed using a completely randomized design, corresponding to a 2 x 4 factorial with eight replicates. The microbiological analysis revealed the sanitary conditions in which the samples were handled and stored, yielding counts of psychrotrophiles (2.18 x 105 CFU g-1) and mesophiles (2.4 x 105 CFU g-1) well below the critical deterioration level (106 CFU g-1). The pH (5.57) and the loss on cooking (24.13%) were not influenced by the evaluated variables (P > 0.05). The other evaluated parameters significantly varied as a function of the maturation period and the cut thickness (both P 0.05). Regarding the b* intensity, the 2.5-cm cut yielded a darker staining at time zero, which decreased with the maturation period. However, the 7.5-cm cut differed between the non-matured and the matured samples. Regarding the red and yellow color of the meat fat (a* and b*, respectively), a* displayed lighter intensity at 7 days of maturation or the 2.5-cm cut (P 0.05). The shear force of the meat decreased to 4.49 kgf at 21 days of maturation. The sarcomere length varied for the 2.5-cm cut (P 0.05). Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of adult Nellore cattle should be matured as a larger, vacuum-packed cut for a minimum of 14 days to produce meat with improved quality